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非谓语动词(教案)

来源:开心麻花作者:开心麻花2025-11-191

非谓语动词(教案)(精选6篇)

非谓语动词(教案) 第1篇

初二寒假强化班教案三

谓语动词、非谓语动词专题

教学目标:1.通过调动已知使学生理解谓语动词、非谓语动词的相关知识。

2.通过互动练习使学生充分理解谓语动词的概念,复习各时态中谓语动词的特点和结构。

3.通过英文交流中的句型的分析使学生非谓语动词的概念、特点和结构,并会运用所学知识解决具体的问题。

教学重点:谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别。

教学难点:如何判断非谓语动词及非谓语动词的结构。教学课时:2课时。教学内容及过程:

一、复习:同学们,上个专题里我们学习了情态动词的知识,请问大家表示肯定推测的情态动词是…….,表示否定推测的情态动词是……?

引入:同学们,在练习题中经常会有考察动词的正确形式的题型。如:在动词后加s;在动词后加ed;在动词后加ing;在动词前加to;用动词原形等。今天我们来系统复习这些与动词有关的要点。其实这些知识都与这个动词在句中的位置和所做的句子成分有关,一起来体会。

二、正文:(一、)谓语动词的概念:在一句话中,紧跟在主语后面,在句中做谓语的动词就叫做谓语动词。(二、)谓语动词的特点:我们还是结合例句来体会,老师请同学们拿出练习本,翻译几句话。(互动1)板述如下:

1.我的妈妈喜欢看电视。

My mother likes watching TV.2.学生们正在操场上踢足球。

The students are playing football on the play ground.3.昨天下午我和我的妈妈一起去了超市。

I went to the supermarket with my mother yesterday afternoon.同学们都掌握得很好,下面请大家思考并回答几个问题(互动2):请同学们分别说出句子中的谓语动词分别是什么? 这些句子分别是什么时态? 这些谓语动词的结构分别是什么? 句子1中的watching是不是谓语动词? 通过这些问题我们学到了什么呢? 小结:谓语动词紧跟在主语后,谓语动词有各种时态的变化,且在不同的时态 中谓语动词有不同的结构。(三、)谓语动词的结构:下面我们再翻译2组话,然后一起来思考。(互动3)板述如下:

1.我喜欢看电视。

I like watching TV.2.我的妈妈喜欢看电视。

My mother likes watching TV.1.我在玩游戏。

I am playing games.2.我们在玩游戏。

We are playing games.同学们都掌握得很好,下面请大家思考并回答几个问题(互动4):在第一组的两个句子中谓语动词是哪个单词,有变化吗? 请同学们说出有哪些变化吗? 通过这些问题我们学到了什么呢? 小结:谓语不仅受时态的影响,而且在各种时态中谓语动词有人称和数的变化。(四、)非谓语动词的概念:在一句话中,不充当谓语成分的动词,无论做什么成分都统称为非谓语动词。(五、)非谓语动词的特点:我们通过例题来探讨,一起来翻译5句话。(互动5)板书如下:

1.我的爷爷喜欢钓鱼。

Eg: My grandfather likes fishing.2.今天晚上我想去逛街。

Eg: I want to go shopping this evening.3.昨天早上8点钟时,我们停止了读书。

Eg: We stopped reading at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.4.昨天早上8点钟时,我们停下来开始读书。Eg: We stopped to read at 8 o’clock yesterday morning.5.我的爸爸经常让我帮助妹妹学习英语。

Eg: My father often lets me help my sister to learn English.同学们都掌握得很好,下面请大家思考并回答几个问题(互动6):请大家分别说出这5句话中的非谓语动词是哪些单词?它们都有哪些形式?通过这些问题我们学到了什么呢? 小结:非谓语动词在任何时态中都只有3种形式:doing, do, to do.非谓语动词也没有人称和单复数的变化。(六、)非谓语动词的结构: 非谓语动词与其前谓语动词的关系是固定的,所以大家在学习单词时要记好它们的固定用法。板书如下:

1.有些谓语动词后只可以跟动词的ing形式。

Eg: finish doing sth;enjoy doing sth;have fun doing sth;practice doing sth;2.有些谓语动词后只可以跟动词的to do 形式。Eg: want to do sth;decide to do sth;

3.有些谓语动词后既可以跟动词的ing形式,又可以跟动词的to do 形式,但意思有很大区别。

Eg: stop doing sth 停止做某事

(动作结束了)

to do sth 停下来去做某事

(动作刚刚开始)remember doing sth 记得做过某事

(动作发生过了)

to do sth 记得去做某事

(动作还没有发生)forget doing sth

忘记做过某事

(动作发生过了)

to do sth

忘记去做某事

(动作还没有发生)同学们,本节课结束,说说你收获了哪些知识?(互动7)请同学们说说怎样用好动词的正确形式呢?(首先判断它是谓语还是非谓语动词,然后再确定它的正确形式。)

三、完成本专题的配套练习题。

四、讲评配套练习题。

非谓语动词(教案) 第2篇

词 之 现在分词

刘黎清

教学目标

1.掌握分词作定语、表语、补足语、状语(时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随等状语的用法)。2.掌握动名词作主语、宾语的用法。

教学重点

动词除了在句子中充当谓语外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等,称作非谓语动词,包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。

教学难点

1、掌握分词、动名词在句子中的作用

2、分词作定语和状语的异同

3、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系,以确定非谓语动词的时态形式

教学要点

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下: 1.动名词作主语、宾语;

2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语; 3.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语;

教学步骤

I谓语动词目前学过的有哪些?

1.V/V.S(一般现在时,经常性动作)

2.V.ed

(一般过去时,过去的动作)

3.am/is/are + V.ing(现在进行时,表正在进行)4.was/were + V.ing(过去进行时,过去正在进行)

5.will + V.或 am/is/are going to + V.(一般将来时,将来要做的动作)

6.would + V.或 was/were going to + V.(过去将来时,过去某个时间点开始的将来)7.have/has + V.过分(现在完成时,到现在为止已经做了什么)8.had + V.过分(过去完成时,到过去某个点为止已经做了什么)

II非谓语动词有几个?是什么? 1.to + V.2.V.ing 3.V.过分

III 本课重点V.ing形式 1.做主语

Eating too much is bad for our health.Crying over spilt milk is no use.(覆水难收)

2.做宾语(只能做某些及物动词的宾语)她昨天读完了那本小说。

She finished reading that novel yesterday.下列动词后多用动名词做宾语

admit(承认)

avoid(避免)consider(思考,认为)mind

miss

escape(避开)practice

prevent resist(抵抗)

imagine can’t help

give up put off

set about(着手)keep on

excuse(原谅)feel like(想要)

object to(反对)

3.做表语

Her job is teaching math.4.做定语

The developing countries are trying their best to develop economy.5.做宾补

I saw him walking across the street.V.ing 做宾补,常放在see, hear, notice, watch,keep,find,feel, look at,listen to, observe(观看), sense(感觉), get(让,使), have(让,使)等词之后

6.做状语

Putting down the newspaper, I walked over the window and looked out.(时间)

V.ing 做状语时,常表示时间,原因,条件,让步,方式,伴随,结果,目的等

IV Please do the exercise I and II in your hand-outs and check with your partner.V Translate the sentences of exercise III in your hand-outs.1.这样做可以省很多时间和金钱。

Doing in this way can save a lot of time and money.(主语)2.看到孩子,她禁不住哭了起来。

Seeing her child, she couldn’t helping

crying.(状语,表时间)3.我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。

Our job is playing all kinds of music.(表语)4.他练习写字作为家庭作业。He practiced writing for homework.(宾语)5.你介意做一个关于学校生活的报告吗?

Would you mind giving a report about school life?(宾语)6.拒绝邀请并不总是很容易的。

Refusing invitations is not always easy.(主语)7.我吃完早饭后出去了。

After eating lunch, I went out.(状语,表前后时间)8.老师给我们上了一堂写作课。

The teacher gave us a writing class.(定语)9.正在读小说的男孩听到噪音后放下了书。

After hearing the noise, the boy reading a novel put down the book.(状语和定语)10.如果从山上看,这个公园很美。

If being seen from the mountain, the park is very beautiful.(状语,表条件)

V Homework

浅谈非谓语动词 第3篇

非谓语动词有四个特出的特点。

一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。如“I running in the morning every day.”“He named Lip-ing.”就是没有谓语动词的错误句子。

二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质、地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析,我们就应该领悟到这一点:与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的、从属性质的:(1)此动作有时已不是具体的动作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相当于一个名词;(2)此动作有时即使是具体的动作,也是从属性的、次要的动作:比如表示原因、条件、时间、目的、临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中,不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用几个动词;但在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and连接的两个动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次、从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因、条件、目的、时间、临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要、伴随、补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句。下面列举一些例句对比说明。

1.“为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。”“为了健康”是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词。译为:To be more healthy, he drinks milk every day.

2.“喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶。”这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的“喝”,而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”,应用“Drinking milk”动名词来表示。

3.“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和“肚子痛”有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用“Having drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach.”来表示,也可以用从句“Since I have drunk some milk, I have some trouble with my stomach.”。

4.“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用“Drinking milk every day, one will get more healthy.”来表示。

5.“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系,它表示时间,可以用“Drinking milk, I choked.”来表示。

6.“他坐在那里喝牛奶。”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作,应作谓语动词,而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的伴随动作,是补充说明,可用非谓语动词:“He sat there, drinking some milk.”

综上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的动作含义和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。

除了可以当状语,非谓语动词还可以当定语和补语。例如:

7.“The girl standing there was crying.”“standing”就是“the girl”的定语。

8.“I found him running in the street.”“running”就是“found”的宾补。

非谓语动词还可以当表语。当表语的现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词,表示特征、状态或人的情绪、情感;当表语的动名词相当于名词,表示一件事情或现象。例如:

9.The book is tiring, while the film is exciting.

10.The excited audiences were moved at the exciting play.

11.Her job is raising pigs, she finds that living is working.

三,非谓语动词前不需要形式主语和连词。

1.除了独立主格结构外,非谓语动词都没有形式主语出现在它的前面,如出现了多余的主语那反而是错的句子。但主语不出现不等于没有主谓关系。非谓语动词肯定与主句的主语存在着隐含的逻辑主谓关系,如找不出这种关系那一般都是错误的句子。如“从山上看下去,我们的城市很美丽。”主句的主语“城市”不会“看”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,只存在动宾关系。因此不能用“Seeing”,而只能用“Seen from the mountain,...”被动的形式来表示,或用独立主格:“Anybody seeing it from the mountain, the city looks very beautiful.”又比如“听到这个消息,她的眼泪流出来了。”“眼泪”不会“听”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,因此不能像中文一样直译:“Hearing the news, her tears came a-long her check.”应该说:Hearing the news, she had tears coming along her check.

2.非谓语动词不需要because, as, if, when, while等连词,但它已经含有连词的意思。如“Because not having prepared my lesson, I can’t answer the question.”就是错的,应删去Because。

反之,如不用非谓语而用从句,那表示原因、条件、时间、伴随、目的的从句前又必须有连词。而中文却是可以省连词的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康。”“喝牛奶呛着了”都可以加用连词也可以不用连词。因此中国学生往往把表示原因、条件、时间、伴随的从句不用连词,不用句号,却要与主句并列在一起,出现“少连词混淆主次”的错误,如:“I am poor, I can’t buy the house.”“I am poor”显然与后面的句子有逻辑因果关系,应加连词Since或变成“Being poor, I can’t buy the the house.”。

有时中国学生又会犯两个分句都用连词的错误,如:“因为我病了,所以今天我不能上学”译成:“Because I am ill, so I can’t go to school today.”在英语中有连词的句子都是次要、从属地位的从句,如两个分句像中文一样都用连词,那就没有表示句子主要意思的主句了。这便是“多连词导致无主句”错误。同理,如非谓语动词短语后的句子用连词,也等于犯了“无主句”的错误。

四,非谓语动词具有谓语动词的有宾语、有状语等特征。

1.及物的非谓语动词后要带宾语,是双宾动词还要带两个宾语,像上面的句子如用“Anybody seeing from the mountain,...”就是错误的句子,因为及物非谓语动词seeing没有带宾语。

2.不及物的非谓语动词后当然不会有宾语。

3.过去分词后不能出现宾语,因主句的主语就是它的逻辑宾语。像“Heated the water, it will turn into stream.”就是错的,“the water”应删去。

当然,带双宾的非谓语动词后还需带一个宾语,如:“Told the students many times, the importance is paid attention to.”

以上知识能力要点都是要靠理解、领悟,不是靠死记硬背的。注意两动作的主次逻辑关系,注意“无形式主语”“无连词”“不能多用连词”等非谓语动词特点。只有勤学加适合的方法才能真正掌握非谓语动词。

参考文献

[1]徐广联.大学英语语法.华东理工大学出版社, 2005.

假考非谓语动词、实考谓语动词 第4篇

非谓语动词是高考英语中的必考重点内容,同学们在平时的练习中也做了大量的非谓语动词练习,久而久之,同学们容易滋生思维定势,把一些实际上是考查谓语动词的试题也误选为非谓语动词。下面笔者把高考试题中容易误选为非谓语动词但实考谓语动词的类型做个小结,以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

类型一:祈使句中的谓语动词

祈使句是省略了主语的一类句子。认清祈使句也是破解选择谓语的重要手段之一。因此,一定要掌握标志性的连词and,or,otherwise及破折号、逗号和冒号的功能。

例1.Mary,______ here—everybody else,stay where you are.(2006全国卷I)

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

解析:从后面的破折号可知,破折号前后是并列分句。Mary之后有逗号,可见不是主语,而是呼语。第一分句是带上了呼语的祈使句,故用动词原形作谓语。答案为A。

例2.There are 8 tips in Dr.Rogers lecture on sleep,and one of them:______ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.(2004 重庆卷)

A.doesnt go B.not to go

C.not going D.dont go

解析:从句中连词and及标点符号冒号可知,空格处为祈使句。如果此句不是冒号,而是is,则答案为非谓语动词作表语。本题正确答案为D。

类型二:并列句中谓语动词

一个句中通常不能出现两个(或以上)的谓语动词,但是如果句中有连词and,or,but,so等,则可以有并列谓语。

例3: At last,we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and______ down to eat our picnic lunch.

(2005上海卷)

A.sitting B.having sat

C.to sit D.sat

解析:答案选 D。由句中的 and 可知,此句为并列结构,空格处填 sat,与其前的谓语动词 found 并列。

例4.______ straight on and youll see a church.You wont miss it.(2004 湖北卷)

A.Go B.Going

C.If you go D.When going

解析:从句中“and youll see”的暗示可知,前一分句为祈使句,答案选A。

类型三:对话答语中省略主语的谓语动词

在会话中,答语者往往为了突出要表达的主要词语而常常会省略次要的或与前面重复的词语。有一部分考题正是以对话形式出现,在答语中设置空缺。其解题方法是:把答语带入到问语中,如果是对问语的某一部分进行回答或是整个答语的某一部分,则用非谓语动词;而如果根据语境另外出现了一个新句子,只是省略了主语的则要用谓语动词。

例5.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

—______good.(2006 湖北卷)

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

解析:根据语境,答语应该是:It (that we can go skiing on the weekend) sounds good,这是一个省略了主语的答语,应选谓语动词。答案选D。

例6.—What should I do with this passage?

—______the main idea of each paragraph.(2005 重庆卷)

A.Finding out B.Found out

C.Find out D.To find out

解析:答案选 C。此题是 You should find out ...的省略。

类型四:句中带有插入语的谓语动词

该类题的设题特点是主语和谓语之间插入其他成分或句子来迷惑考生而误选非谓语动词。

例7.The country life he was used to____greatly since 1992.(2005 山东卷)

A.change B.has changed

C.changing D.have changed

解析:此题容易受插入的定语从句的影响而误选C,但是仔细分析句子结构后可知此题是(that) he was used to作定语,修饰先行词The country life。而主句缺谓语,所以该排除选项C。又因为时间状语since 1992可知时态该用现在完成时;再加上主语是The country life,所以本题正确答案为B。

例8.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(2005 上海卷)

A.work B.working

C.is working D.are working

解析:通过分析句子的成分可知along with his assistant为插入语。本题缺少谓语动词,所以先排除非谓语动词选项B。 又从题意“他们正日以继日的工作”可知时态该用现在进行时;又因为主语是Professor Smith,所以答案C为正确选项。

【巩固练习】

1.______ the website of the Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.

A.Having searched B.To search

C.Searching D.Search

2.______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A.Give B.To give

C.Giving D.Given

3.To test eggs,______ them in a bowl of water: if they float,theyre bad;if they sink,theyre good.

A.put B.putting

C.to put D.to be putting

4.Ive never seen anyone run so fast—______David go.

A.just watch

B.just to watch

C.just watching

D.just having watched

5.Stanley,______ hello to your nephew.

A.come and say B.comes and says

C.to come and say D.coming and saying

6.Dont stand out there in the cold—______in here and get warm.

A.come B.comes

C.to come D.coming

7.Before you send the letter,______ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A.check B.to check

C.checking D.checked

8.If they dont understand it the first time, ______over it again until they do.

A.go B.to go

C.going D.to be going

9.If youre going on a long car journey, ______sure the vehicles are in good condition.

A.making B.to make

C.make D.having made

10.______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A.Put B.Putting

C.To put D.To be putting

11.______ the road along and youll find his house on the right.

A.Follow B.Following

C.To be following D.Having followed

12.Hoping he would not be seen,Bob rushed in,______ his book and rushed out.

A.picking up B.pick up

C.to pick up D.picked up

13.______ right away or youll miss the first train.

A.Start out B.Starting out

C.To start out D.Started out

14.______ good care of the vegetables so that they can remain fresh.

A.Take B.Taken

C.Having taken D.Taking

15.______ from the top of the building,and youll find the city more beautiful.

A.Look B.To look

C.Looking D.Looked

16.______ some of this juice—perhaps youll like it.

A.Trying B.Try

C.To try D.Having tried

17.Dont be discouraged.______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

A.Taking B.To take

C.Take D.Taken

18.______,so she had to be sent to the hospital.

A.Being ill

B.Her mother was ill

C.Her mother being ill

D.Having been ill

19.______ many times,but he still didnt understand it.

A.Having been told

B.Though he was told

C.To have been told

D.He was told

20.First______ the rice by washing it,then ______ it in boiling water.

A.prepare;cook B.preparing;cooking

C.preparing;cook D.prepare;cooking

21.She cycled too fast round the corner, ______ her balance and______ off.

A.losing;falling B.lost;fell

C.losing;fell D.lost;falling

22.She set out soon after dark______ home an hour later.

A.arriving B.to arrive

C.having arrived D.and arrived

23.______ along the quiet road at forty miles an hour,and then an old man suddenly started to cross the road in front of me.

A.Driving

B.I was driving

C.Having driven

D.When I was driving

24.______ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.

A.Having given B.Given

C.To give D.Give

25.—Id like to take a weeks holiday. —______it.Were just too busy.

A.Forget B.Forgetting

C.Forgets D.Forgot

26.—Then lets have fish,beef with ____ tomatoes and a soup.OK? —______nice.

A.Sound B.Sounded

C.Sounding D.Sounds

27.—Each of the students,working hard at ____ his or her lessons,______ to go to ____ university. —So do I.

A.hope B.hopes

C.hoping D.hoped

28.The girl______ forward to buying a new diamond ring.

A.referred to looks

B.refers to looking

C.referred to looking

D.referring to look

29.—We havent heard from Jane for a long ____time. —What do you suppose______ to her?

A.was happening B.to happen

C.has happened D.having happened

30.The day we had looked forward to______ at last.

A.coming B.come

C.came D.comes

参考答案:

1-5 DAAAA 6-10 AAACA

11-15 ADAAA 16-20 BCBDA

非谓语动词教案 第5篇

赵维

高考英语翻译题型的方法与技巧

一、分析句子结构,把握句子主干部分。1.掌握各种从句

1.状语从句有时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等,它的位置比较自由,可以在句首或是句末。以下是考题中的一些难点,也往往是学生最容易犯错的地方。

例1保护环境是每个公民的职责。(it„)(2002年上海春季)全句译为:It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.这里it作形式主语,真正的主语是to protect our environment。It作形式主语或形式宾语在翻译中是个难点。再如:正是你的帮助使得我们有可能在旅游的季节住到一个中国人的家里。It was your help that made it possible for us to stay with a Chinese family during the tourist season.这里用it作形式宾语即make it possible的句型。而整个句子又是为“It is/was„that„”的强调句式。看到中文表述“正是„„”,往往可能用到强调句。

2.定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的。在中文中一般位于名词或代词前;而在英语中,紧随名词代词之后。我们可以根据中文进行判断:限制性定语从句,中文中有“的”结构;而非限制性定语从句,则有“这指的是、这意味着”等总结上文的词出现。

例2 这张照片让我们想起了在夏令营里度过的日子。(remind)(2000年上海高考)全句译为: The picture reminds me of the days that were spent in the summer camp.该句中“在夏令营里度过的日子”是一句定语从句。days在定语从句中是充当主语的,不是状语,用that 或which,而不能用 when来引导定语从句。

不管翻译何种定语从句时都要注意:1)定语从句紧跟在先行词后;2)先行词不能重复在从句中出现;3)选择正确的关系代词和副词。

局门路

赵维

3.名词性从句一般由that, whether, if以及疑问代词或疑问副词引导的。以疑问代词或副词引导的宾语从句往往是考题中的难点。

例3我觉得便宜的物品未必质量一定不好。(necessarily)全句译为: I don’t think cheap articles are necessarily bad in quality.该句的中文似乎有些拗口,是个双重否定。若完全按照字面上翻译就成了I think cheap articles are not necessarily bad。但是,根据英语的习惯,该句宾语从句应否定在主句。所以,句子必须由I don’t think引导。

2.非谓语

1.动词作主语应该用动名词或不定式 2.伴随状语doing及having done的用法 3.It is saidreportedknown that...此外,在翻译从句时要注意:

1)时态语态主从一致; 2)从句中要用陈述句语序。3)there be句型 4)中文语序与英文倒装

二、掌握课文短语,熟记短语搭配

在对短语的考核中,动词短语的地位是不言而喻的。高考的短语,十有八九考的是动词短语。

例1 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(keep)(1999年上海高考)全句译为:Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping(on)reading books from morning till night.。

该题考核点为两个动词短语:make full use of(充分利用)和keep(on)doing(不断做某事)。如果考生掌握了这两个短语的话,写出翻译句子便是水到渠成了。

局门路

赵维

例2 过去我很害羞,但今年我下定决心要变得活跃,还要交一些朋友来分享我的快乐和悲伤。(determine)全句译为: I used to be shy, but this year I’m determined to become active and make some friends to share my happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows.该题考核点为四个动词短语:used to do(过去常常做某事), be determined to do(下定决心做某事), make friends(交朋友)和happiness and sadness/joys and sorrows(快乐和悲伤)。

三、理解成语意义,直译不如巧译

从成语的实际意义入手,用意译的方法,用英语把中文成语的意思表达出来。如“胸有成竹”不能直译成“heart has bamboos”, 它是“很有自信”的意思,因此可以用“confident”来翻译。“三言两语”也不能翻成“three sentences and two words”, 它表示“用很少的言语”的意思,可以翻译成“in a few words”。下面通过具体实例,进一步体会以下意译的妙处。

例1 请尽早作出决定,不然你会坐失良机。(or)(2003年上海高考)全句译为:Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible, or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity.该句中“坐失良机”就是“失去好机会”的意思,千万不能翻译成“sit to lose the chance”, 这样的直译会让不少人感到莫名其妙。

例2 众所周知,成功来自勤奋,不努力则一事无成。(without)(2000年上海高考)全句译为:As we all know, success comes from hard work;without efforts nothing can be done.该句中要注意的是“一事无成”不能按照字面直译成“a thing can’t be done”。

例3这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜,我简直爱不释手。(so„that„)(2003年上海高考)全句译为: The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can’t stand parting with it.该句中的“引人入胜”和“爱不释手”在英文里完全找不到对等的词。首先要理解这两个词组的意义,“引人入胜”的意义实际上是“非常地吸引人”,要

局门路

赵维

用到“attractive”这个词。“爱不释手”的意思为“非常喜欢,以至于不舍得把它放到一边。”

由于英语和汉语是两种不同的语言,在结构上有很大的差异,真正意义上的对等词少而又少,所以做汉译英时,往往要摆脱原句结构的束缚,用符合英语习惯的句式来表达汉语的意思,不能字字对译。

四、增加课外阅读,积累俗语、谚语

1.如果成语、谚语和俗语的组成结构中英文相差不大,可以用直译的方法,但其中的用词要符合英语的习惯。

例1 许多外国游客都想要去长城一游,他们知道不到长城非好汉。(visit)(2002年上海春季)全句译为:Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall.They know that he who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.在翻译这个俗语时,如果把“好人”翻译成“a good man”是不正确的。没有去过长城的人并不意味着不是“好人”。也不能翻译成“a real man”,这样就变成了没有去过长城的就不是“人”了。这里的“好汉”指的是顶天立地的男子汉,因此翻译成“a true man”最为妥当。

2.如果成语、谚语和俗语的组成结构中英文相差很大,可以用意译的方法。例2 他们应该从这件事情中吸取教训:玩火者必自焚。(burn)(2001上海高考)全句译为:They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.这句句子中的玩火者不能翻译成“fire player”, 把该句在理解的基础上,在口语化一些,就可以通过意译较好的把它的意思表达出来了。

语法教案:非谓语动词 第6篇

非谓语动词包括三种形式:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式及动词的过去分词。所谓非渭语动词,它虽不具有动词的性质,即在句子中充当谓语,但仍然具有动词的特征,即可带有本身宾语或状语构成非谓语动词短语,在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分。

在非谓语动词的复习中须注意:

1,非谓语动词的否定式

不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not,如:not to go there;动词-ing形式及过去分词的否定式是在动词-ing形式及过去分词之前加not,如:not knowing about it,not having got it。not informed。

2.非谓语动词的逻辑主语

动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语时,可以没有自己的主语,也可带有自己的主语。动词不定式的主语一般用介词for/of接代词的宾格或名词,成为It’s +adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.形式;动词的-ing形式的主语一般用形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。

动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作宾语时,它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。但

动词的-ing形式可以有自己的逻辑主语,其形式一般为代词的宾格、名词的普通格名词的所有格。

动词不定式、动词的.ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时,它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语发出的时,用主动形式;当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受的时,用过去分词、不定式或动词的-ing形式的被动形式;当动词不定式、动词的.ing形式或过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,前面可用代词的主格或名词的普通格作逻辑主语,从而形成独立主格结构。

动词不定式、动词的.ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时,有的已经从非谓语动词中游离出来而成为固定的短语,从而没有自己的逻辑主语,如:judging by/from,provided/providing,given,to be true,tell you the truth,let alone…

3.非谓语动词的时态

动词不定式一般表示发生在谓语动作之后的事情,若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情,须用不定式的完成式;动词的-ing形式一般表与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作,若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情,须用动词的-ing形式的完成式。

4.非谓语动词的应用

(1)作主语:动词不定式作主语表示特定的、一次性的事情;动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性的、习惯性或职业性的事情。

(2)作宾语:熟悉并掌握哪些动词接不定式作宾语;哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语;哪些动词或短语既可接动词不定式又可接动词的-ing形式作宾语。need,want,require接动词的.ing形式作宾语,表被动意义,相当于接不定式的被动形式。

(3)作表语:动词不定式表示某一特定的行为,尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为;动词的-ing形式并不强调动作,而只说明动作的名称。

(4)作宾语补足语:熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语接不定式作宾语补足语;哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语;哪些动词或短语既可接动词的-ing形式又可接不定式作宾语补足语;何时用主动形式作宾语补足语,何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语。

(5)作定语:A.注意非谓语动词的形式:不定式作定语一般用主动式,只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时,才用被动式;动词的一ing形式、过去分词作定语时,如果动作是所修饰的词发出的,就用动词的.ing形式;如果动作是所修饰的词承受的,就用过去分词。B.非谓语动词的位置:不定式、动词的.ing形式及过去分词短语作定语时,都要放在所修饰的词之后;单个的动词的.ing形式或过去分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰的词之前。

特别需注意:N.+doing +n./N.+done +n.的区别:动作由名词发出或是名词的目的或内容时用-ing形式,如:an English speaking country,Tree Planting Day;动作是名词承受的时用过去分词,如:a horse driven car,mall.made satellites。

不及物动词的不定式作定语,与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时,不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。

(6)作状语:A.注意句子的主语跟非谓语动词动作的关系;B.非谓语动词起相同作用时的区别,如:不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示结果,但不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果,不定式前面常用only,never等词修饰;而动词的.ing形式表示一种事情发展的自然或必然的结果。不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示目的,但不定式作目的状语时,一般位于句首,若位于句末时不能用逗号将它与句子分开;动词的-ing形式表示目的时.一般位于句尾,并且常用逗号将它与句子分开。

5.不定式to的省略

(1)动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at.1isten to.1et,have,make接不定式作宾补时,不定式的to应省略,但句子变为被动语态时,不定式的to不能省略。

(2)and,but等连接两个不定式时,若and,but等前面有do的某种形式时,后面不、定式的to应省略。

(3)不定式作表语时,若主语中有do的某种形式,表谓不定式的to应省略。

回放真题

真题1(甘肃、青海卷25)

It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss.

A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned

【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的动作与句子主语的关系,可排除选项A、B;根据句子谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作先后关系,答案选c,表被动及完成。

真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷27)

Alice returned from the manager’s office,________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.

A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling

【答案及解析】D根据句子结构排除选项B;根据句子谓语动词所表示的动作与非谓语动词所表示的动作的时间顺序,答案选D。

真题3(2004重庆卷30)

Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.

A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry

【答案及解析】A get接宾语补足语表宾语的动作、状态、身份等。宾语与补足语是被动的主谓关系,而过去分词正好表被动意义。get sb worried意思是:让某人担忧。

真题4(2004广东卷26)

________the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A. Not completing B.Not completed

C.Not having completed D.Having not completed

【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成,排除选项D;根据非谓语动词与句子主语的关系,排除B;根据句子的意思,没有完成计划的动作应发生在have to stay动作之前,故答案选C。

真题5(2004福建卷27)

The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ________the film stars had left.

A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told

【答案及解析】 B 根据句子的意思,记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果.因此,排除C、D;根据与句子的关系,不是记者告诉他人,而是人家告诉记者,故答案选B。

真题6(2004福建卷34)

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time ________the exam.

A.pass B.to pass C.passed D.passing

【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth.意思是:在……方面有困难。

真题7(2004湖北卷28)

________with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11.

A. Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared

【答案及解析】D根据句子结构,排除选项A;根据动词与主句主语的关系,排除选项B、C;故答案选D。

真题8(2004辽宁卷25)

I don t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.

A. to be heard B.to be heating C.to hear D.to have heard

【答案及解析】D根据后半句的内容,“我”将去美国学习,可知前半句是问对方是否已听说过“我”的事情了。故答案选D,表示在此之前。

真题9(2004辽宁卷30)

________by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted

【答案及解析】 B根据动词与句子的主语的关系,女孩被吸引,从而排除选项A、D;再根据时间关系,C表示将来的情况,而句子是过去的事实,答案选B。

真题10(2004浙江卷29)

Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________as 3M.

A. knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known

【答案及解析】 B分词形式作定语,grow为及物动词,不带宾语,故选B。

真题11(2004浙江卷32)

I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go.

A.just watch B.just to watch

C.just watching D.just having watched

【答案及解析】A根据破折号及just的用法,故采用祈使句形式,答案选A。

真题12(2004江苏卷25)

The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby.

A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding

【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是个固定短语,意为坚持做某事。

真题13(2004广西卷22)

Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.

A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear

C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard

【答案及解析】D短语作状语表结果、伴随、原因等,但若表目的,应用动词不定式。本题意为:为了能让自己被人听见,Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意为:让自己被……,故D为正确答案。

真题14(2004广西卷31)

Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed

【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定语。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind.

真题15(2004江苏卷31)

The old man,________abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.

A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked

【答案及解析】 D现在分词完成式表主动和完成(到谓语动作发生时,非谓语的动作已完成)。

真题16(2004全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]28)

Sarah.hurry up.I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party.

A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change

【答案及解析】A不定式短语作目的状语,而根据句子的意思,从句的主语you不是给人家更衣,而是给自己更衣,它是不定式动作的承受者,故答案选A,表示被动语态。意思是:没有时间来更衣了。

真题17(2004四川卷28)

“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob,________out of the window.

A.1ooking B.to look C.looked D.having looked

【答案及解析】A现在分词一般式表伴随,表Bob说话的同时往窗口外望;B表示未发生的动作;C表示完成;D表示动作发生在said之前,都不符题意,故答案选A。

真题18(2004上海卷27)

According to a recent U.S.survey,children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV.

A.to watch B.to watching C.watching D.watch

【答案及解析】C spend的用法:spend some time/some money in doing sth。

真题19(2004上海卷33)

The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.be have caused

【答案及解析】c不定式作补足语时,如果不定式的动作是前面名词或代词发出,用主动形式;若前面名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式用被动语态。因此答案选C。

真题20(2004上海卷34)

The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt

【答案及解析】 B现在分词作定语,说明被修饰词目前的性质,状态、动作等。

真题21(2004上海卷35)

The disc,digitally _____in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.

A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded

【答案及解析】A动词的-ing表示主动,意思是前面名词所发出的动作,说明当前的性质、状态或动作;过去分词表被动或完成;不定式表将来;动词的-ing的完成时指动作发生在句子动作之前,也表主动。根据本题意思,正确答案为A,表示被录制的唱片。

真题22(2004上海卷42)

Having been attacked by terrorists,________.

A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed

C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists

【答案及解析】 B分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面分词的语态可知,句子的主语应该是the tall building,因此答案选B。

真题23(2004上海卷49)

Some people like dinking coffee,for it has ________effects.

A.promoting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.encouraging

【答案及解析】 B promoting:提升的,enhancing:加强的,encouraging:鼓励的,与题意不符。只有B表有刺激性的,能说明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案为B。

真题24(2004天津卷34)

Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.

A.run B.running C.being run D.to run

【答案及解析】 B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能的动作;B、C表示一直不停的动作,而B表示宾语发出的动作,c表示宾语承受的动作。根据句子意思,答案选B,指水不停地流出。

真题25(2004北京卷23)

My advisor encouraged--a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A.for me to take B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take

【答案及解析】D考查动词encourage sb.to do sth.的结构。意思是:我的顾问鼓励我去参加暑季课程以提高我的写作技巧。

真题26(2004北京卷29)

________in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited

【答案及解析】 C考查分词短语作状语。当Tom意识到钱包忘在家里时,已经排队等了半小时。因此,答案选C,表示分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前。

真题27(2004湖南卷33)

You were silly not ________your car.

A.to lock B.to have locked C.1ocking D.having locked

【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知:这是对已发事故的责备,没有锁车的行为发生在责备之前,应该用完成式,排除A、C;再根据非谓语动词的含义,不定式表示某具体的事情,而动词的-ing形式表示经常性或习惯性的行为,从而可推知答案选B。

真题28(2004北京春季卷32)

He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting

【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意为发觉某人正在做某事,doing sth在此用作宾补。选项A表示前面名词所承受的动作,不妥;选项B表示将来某个时候正在做的事情;选项c表示事情还没有做,都不合情理。

真题29(2004上海春季卷35)

I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ________?

A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought

【答案及解析】B 动词不定式作定语,当它的逻辑主语为句子的主语时,用主动形式。

真题30(2004上海春季卷39)

The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.

A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating

【答案及解析】C remain可作连系动词,相当于be。再看seat的用法:seat oneself in/on/at…可转化为:sb be seated in/on/at…。

真题31(2004上海春季卷40)

Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-

A.his being not able B.him not to be able

C.his not being able D.him to be not able

【答案及解析】C首先,apologize的句法结构为apologize for one’s/sb doing sth,于是排除B、D,再看非谓语动词的否定式:否定词必须在非谓语动词的前面。故答案选C。

真题32(2004上海春季卷42)

After his journey form abroad,Richard Johns returned home,________.

A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted

【答案及解析】 B exhausting与exhausted意义区别。exhausted意思是:感到精疲力竭的,说明主语的状态;exhausting意为:令人精疲力竭的,说明主语的性质或特征。根据语境Richard是人,只能用选项B来表示他所处的状态。而A、C、D在此都不合题意。

真题33(全国卷22)

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.

A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked

【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词在句中作及物动词被动语态的主语补足语的用法。find接补足语时的句型为find sb/sth doing/to be…/to have done.../done.不能接其它不定式作补足语。根据句意,只有厨师在厨房里正吸烟时被发现才能被解雇。因此,只能用现在分词表进行,不能用动词不定式(不定式常表示“具体的”已发生的或未发生的行为)。译文:如果(有人)发现厨师在厨房里吸烟,他就会马上被解雇。

真题34(2003北京卷21)

The teacher asked us ________so much noise.

A.don’t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make

【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在动词ask后面用不定式作复合宾语.其否定形式是not to do。常见的这类动词还有:tell,warn, order, advise等。

真题35(2003北京卷28)

________time,he’11 make a first-class tennis player.

A. Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given

【答案及解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意:要是给他时问,他会成为一流的网球运动员。不定式作状语表示目的,排除B。分词作状语要看与主语的关系。句子主语he是give的逻辑宾语,用过去分词。注意当从句主语和主句的主语保持一致时,从句可省略(If he is),排除A和c项。

真题36(2003上海卷37)

The discovery of new evidence led to ________.

A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief

C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught

【答案及解析】C lead to这个词组中to是介词,后面跟名词,于是B、D被排除;the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构,与catch之间应是被动关系,故排除A。

真题37(2003上海卷43)

An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.

A. to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued

【答案及解析】 A order后应按不定式,即order sb to do sth,因此B被排除。又因为issue clear warnings(发出明显警告)的主语是all the soldiers,也就是说all the soldiers是issue的施动者,所以issue要用主动形式,D也被排除。句子没有强调动作对现在造成的影响,不必用完成时态,而且句子中的had been ordered所接的动作,指命令后要做而还未做的事,故只用一般不定式。答案为A。

真题38(2003北京春季卷35)

Mr. Smith,________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired;boring B.tiring;bored C. tired;bored D.tiring;boring

【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厌倦”,过去分词作状语,常用来形容人;boring“令人厌烦的”,形容词,常用来形容物。所以其中状语可分解为:Mr. Smith was tired of the speech.The speech was boring.译文:听烦了乏味的演讲,Mr. Smith’读起了小说。

真题39(2003安徽春季卷22)

--Why did you go back to the shop?

--I left my friend ________there.

A. waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits

【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人处于某种状态,这一动作持续一段时间。D排除,因此处应用非谓语动词;B、C无持续状态的意思。答案为A。

真题40(2003安徽春季卷28)

The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.

A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known

【答案及解析】A变为定语从句应为“ne manager.who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know为主动,排除B、D。定语从句变为短语应用分词短语来表示。答案为A。

真题41(2003安徽春季卷32)

The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction.

A. seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see

【答案及解析】 D 原句应为…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于从句与主句有相同的主语和谓语,故将从句的主语、谓语同时省略,而只留下目的状语。

真题42(2003上海春季卷35)

Friendship is like money:easier made than ________.

A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept

【答案及解析】A西方谚语中,常用单词的相同形式进行表达,m。d。和kept都是过去分词,表示被动。答案为A。

真题43(2003上海春季卷36)

________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A.The president will attend B.The president to attend

C.The president attended D.The president’s attending

【答案及解析】D从句子结构来看,句子中已经有谓语,故选项A排除;选项B为即将亲自参加会议的总统给他们鼓舞,讲不通,因为给出鼓舞的应该是事或精神,而不应该是人;选项C中的attended若作谓语,则与句子结构矛盾,若作过去分词,又与前面的“总统”的关系矛盾;因此,只有D正确,句子的意思是:“总统亲自出席这次会议”这件事给了他们莫大的鼓舞。

真题44(2003上海春季卷37)

Unless ________to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited

【答案及解析】A在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句的主语可以省略,而将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所发出时,用现在分词形式;当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所承受时,用过去分词形式。

真题45(2003上海春季卷38)

She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live.

A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing

【答案及解析】 B根据句子中所暗含的时间,是指要起的作用,故排除选项A和D;而不定式作定语时,若不定式的动作为句子的主语或宾语所发出时,用主动语态而不用被动语态,故答案选B。

真题46(全国卷32)

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.

A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen

【答案及解析】 B这是一个主语从句。it作形式主语,whether they will enjoy it作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth.作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系,所以要用to be seen作remains的表语。

真题47(2002全国卷34)

The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it.

A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun

【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作状语。begin可以作及物动词,意思是“着手”。译文:这项研究设计得那么好,一旦着手研究,就没有什么地方要更改的了。

真题48(2002北京卷34)

----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers.

A.to solving;making B.to solving;made

C.to solve;making D.to solve;made

【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介词,后接动名词;过去分词短语

made by the customers作demand的定语。make与demand是动宾关系,所以要

用过去分词。这句话的意思是“解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求”。

真题49(2002上海卷25)

In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.

A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made

【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”,动词不定式作目的状语,表示努力的目的。译文:为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额,许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。答案为A。

真题50(2002上海卷30)

Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken.

A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having struck

C.was sure to be struck D.was sure to strike

【答案及解析】 D be sure of“对……确信,有把握”,主语必须是人。be sure to do sth“就要,一定会”,主语可以是人或物。动词不定式表示将要发生的事,意思是“就要……”。译文:过去很多人都认为如果镜子破了,一定会引起灾难。注意.be+形容词后接不定式的一般式,不用被动式。如:The problem is difficult for us to work out.我们很难解决这个问题。

真题51(2002上海卷33)

Though ________money,his parents managed to send him to university.

A.1acked B.1acking of C.1acking D.1acked in

【答案及解析】 C lack是及物动词,后接宾语money。his parents与lack是主谓关系,要用现在分词作状语。译文:虽然缺钱,他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。

真题52(2002上海卷34)

Don’t use words,expressions,or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge.

A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known

【答案及解析】D know与words,expressions,phrases是动宾关系,要用过去分词作定语,表示被动。having been known是现在分词完成时的被动式,不能作定语。译文:不要使用只有具有专业知识的人才知道的词语。

真题53(2002上海卷38)

________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.

A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed

【答案及解析】C在非谓语动词中,用动名词或不定式来作主语,而分词和介词短语不能作主语,因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中,will do是谓语,缺少主语,要用动名词作主语。expose与one’s skin是动宾关系,所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文:在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。

真题54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying

【答案及解析】 B goods是动词bought的逻辑宾语,所以用过去分词修饰,表被动。

真题55(2002上海春季卷25)

In some parts of London,missing a bus means ________for another hour.

A.waiting B.to.wait C.wait D.to be waiting

【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth.的意思是“意味着什么”。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做什么”。译文:在英国的某些地方,赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。

真题56(2002上海春季卷29)

When ________,the museum will be open to the public next year.

A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed

【答案及解析】 A complete与museum是动宾关系,要用过去分词completed作状语,表示被动。译文:当这座博物馆建成后,将在明年向公众开放。to be completed作目的状语,不与when连用。答案为A。

真题57(2002上海春季卷37)

With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled

【答案及解析】C 动词不定式to settle作difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题;过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题;现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。所提供的情境the newly.elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题,所以要用to settle作定语。

真题58(全国卷35)

_______such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered

【答案及解析】A首先确定为主动语态,然后根据already又可判断用完成时。译文:由于已经受到如此严重的污染,现在清理河道可能太晚了。答案为A。

真题59(2001上海卷29)

D0 let your mother know all the truth.She appears _________everything.

A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told

【答案及解析】 D tell是及物动词,后面要接宾语。因为在这个句子中,tell后面没有宾语,所以要用动词不定式的被动式。义因为知道了一切发生在告诉真相之前,所以要用动词不定式的完成式。译文:一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已知道了一切事情。

真题60(2001上海卷31)

I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.

A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time

【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接动名词作宾语。译文:我真的喜欢和你一起在这个迷人的小岛上放松一下。

真题61(2001上海卷38)

The bell ________the end of the period rang,________our heated discussion.

A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting

C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated:interrupted

【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的逻辑主语,所以要用现在分词。答案为A。

真题62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)

________late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.

A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept

【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具体的目的,sleep late“睡懒觉”。译文:为了早上多睡一会儿,鲍勃关闭了闹钟。答案为A。

真题63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)

One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them.

A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct

【答案及解析】 B介词by后接动名词,用and连接的两个表示并列成分的非谓语动词形式要一致。

真题64(2001上海春季卷28)

Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong.

A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit

【答案及解析】 A该句中的but是介词,后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do,does或did时,后接不带to白怀定式;是其它动词时,后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing,要填动词原形admit。译文:山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。答案为A。

真题65(2001上海春季卷36)

Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children.

A. set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up

【答案及解析】B to devote sth.to后接动名词作宾语,即:devote sth.doing sth.。有的考生把all he had to当成了一个短语,误填了set up。实际上.a11 he had作devoted的宾语,是一个宾语从句。译文:利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。

真题66(2001上海春季卷37)

________blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give

【答案及解析】B if you can是条件状语从句。如果把这个句子转为简单句______blood and many lives will be saved.就可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and”的句型。

真题67(2001上海春季卷38)

________from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered

【答案及解析】C 根据状语for years可判断用现在分词的完成式。译文:经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦,怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。

真题68(全国卷19)

I’ve worked with children before,so I know what ________in my new job.

A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects

【答案及解析】B 在非谓语动词中,疑问词后只接不定式。此句中“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。

真题69(2000全国卷22)

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

A.early out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定语从句;carried out作plan的定语表示被动。

真题70(2000上海卷22)

They’re not very good,but we like ________.

A.anyway to play basketball with them B.to play basketball with them anyway

C.to play with them basketball anyway D.with them to play basketball anyway

【答案及解析】B动词like后接宾语to play basketball;宾语后接with them;anyway为副词,用作状语,放在句末。

真题71(2000上海卷31)

He sent me an e-mail,________to get further information.

A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope

【答案及解析】 B现在分词hoping表示与send me an e.mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时,句子的正确形式是:He sent me an e-mail to get further information.如果要选择“hoped”时,句子的正确形式是:He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列谓语。

真题72(2000上海卷37)

_____in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A.Being founded B.It was funded C.Founded D.Founding

【答案及解析】 c简单句的主语Harvard与Found是动宾关系,所以要用过去分词短语(Founded in 1636)作状语。

真题73(2000上海卷39)

The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake.

A.missing;playing B.missing;play

C.missed;played D.missed;to play

【答案及解析】 A missing是形容词,作boy的定语,意思是“失踪的”;而missed是miss的过去式,意思是“错过”,作谓语,排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。答案为A。

真题74(2000上海卷40)

Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party.

A.having not been invited B.not having invited

C.having not invited D.not having been invited

【答案及解析】D invite与Tony构成动宾关系,所以要用动名词的被动结构 (not having been invited)。not要放在非谓语动词的前面。选项A和C都是错误的形式。

真题75(2000京、皖春季卷15)

The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A.having hung B.hanging C:hangs D.being hung

【答案及解析】 B选项B表状态;而选项D表动作;is painted在句子中作谓语,所以要填hang的非谓语形式。因为hang+表方位的介词短语,hang是不及物动词,非谓语动词不能用被动式表示主动,所以要用现在分词。

真题76(2000京、皖春季卷17) :

________the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A. Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

非谓语动词(教案)

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