第二单元课文翻译

第二单元课文翻译（精选6篇）

第二单元课文翻译 第1篇

The road to modern English

16世纪末大约有5-7百万人说英语，几乎所有这些人都生活在英国。后来，在十七世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其他地区，于是许多别的国家开始说英语了。如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是第二语言或者外语。

以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流。请看例句

英国人贝蒂；请到我的公寓里看看好吗

美国人艾米；好的，我很乐意到你的公寓去。

那么英语英语在一段时间里为什么会变化呢？事实上，当不同的文化相互交流渗透时，所有的语言都会发展变化。首先，在公元前450年到1150年之间，人们所说所的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一样。当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础，而现代英语不是。然后渐渐的，大约在公元800年到1150期间，英语就不那么像德语了，因为当时的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来讲法语。这些新的定居者大大的丰富了英语语言，特别是在词汇方面。所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时候都大。在1620年，一些英国人搬到美国定居，后来到了十八世纪，有些英国人也被送到澳大利亚，两个国家的人都开始说英语了。

最后到了十九世纪，英语才真正定性，那时候，英语在拼写上发生了两大变化。首先塞缪尔约翰逊编写了词典，后来诺厄韦伯斯特编纂了美国英语字典，后者体现了美国英语的拼写的不同特色。

现在，英语在南亚也被当做外语或第二外语，比如印度拥有很多讲流利英语的人。这是因为英国与1765年到1947年统治过印度。在那期间，英语成了官方语言和教育用语。在新，马，和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。目前在中国，学习英语的人数在迅速增加，事实上，中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者。中国英语会发展出自己的特色嘛？这只能由时间来回答了。

standard english and dialects

什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。

当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美国有些地区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。

地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响+。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言。虽然什么是标准英语？是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，那就叫做方言。美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部地区和南部地区的方言，以及美国黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美国有些地区，两个相邻城镇的人所说的方言也可能稍有不同。美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故。

地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响+。住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。美国是一个大国，有着许许多多彼此不同的方言。虽然许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。许多美国人经常搬家，但是他们仍然能够辨别和理解彼此的方言。

第二单元课文翻译 第2篇

很多人会同意，当我们想到圣诞节时，就可能会想到礼物、圣诞树和圣诞老人。但是在所有这些东西之后，隐藏着圣诞节真正的涵义：分享和给予身边的人爱和欢乐的重要性。或许在《圣诞颂歌》中的这个故事最好地诠释了这一点。

圣诞颂歌是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的一部很著名的短篇小说。这篇小说讲述了关于一个叫做斯克鲁奇的从来都不笑的人的故事。斯克鲁奇很吝啬，只为自己着想。他对待别人很差，只关心怎样赚更多的钱。他很讨厌圣诞节。在一个圣诞节前夜，他遇见了雅各布·马利的鬼魂，雅各布·马利生前是他的生意伙伴。马利生前也是像斯克鲁奇那样的人，因此在死后受到了惩罚。马利警告斯克鲁奇要改变生活方式，如果他不想像自己这样不得善终的话。马利也告诉斯克鲁奇要期待三个神灵会拜访他。

那天晚上，三个神灵拜访了斯克鲁奇。首先，圣诞过去之神带他回到了童年，让他想起了孩提时的快乐时光。然后，圣诞现在之神带他去看了今年人们是怎样度过圣诞节的：每个人都很快乐，甚至是穷人。最后，圣诞未来之神带他去到了将来，斯克鲁奇看到自己死了，但是没有人在意。他非常害怕，从梦中惊醒，发现第二天就是圣诞节。

第二单元课文翻译 第3篇

一、系统观照, 让单篇为单元服务

“单元整组教学”首先强调的是把一篇篇课文放进一个单元中, 重视单元的整体性, 所有单篇课文的目标均围绕单元终点目标预设, 单篇课文是单元终点目标的具体体现, 单元终点目标贯穿始终。而所谓的“单元终点目标”指的就是在考虑学生的基础上, 整合一单元各篇课文的共有资源, 从中定出的关于语文技能方面的目标, 指向的是语文课程的工具性性质。例如, 人教版教材小学语文第五册第一单元“我的课余生活”, 安排了四篇课文:《我们的民族小学》、《金色的草地》、《爬天都峰》和《槐乡的孩子》。这个单元习作是:写写自己的课余生活, 写好后读给爸爸妈妈听, 让他们分享我们的快乐。对此习作进行分析, 可以知道:本次习作内容是关于自己的课余生活的一件事, 形式应该是记叙式的。而要写好一件事, 首先要会写通顺的话和能有条理地表述这件事。怎么样才能做到有条理呢?有很多方法。而这一单元中的《爬天都峰》一课更是非常典型, 抓住“时间、地点、人物、事情”, 也就是所谓的四要素, 把“爬天都峰”这件事讲得清清楚楚, 因此可以作为一个例子, 引导学生把事情表述清楚, 也就是掌握写记叙文的方法。那么, 如何才能写通顺的话呢?除了以前字词句的积累外, 还需要知道“段是如何连接起来的”, 而第一、二课恰恰体现了这个要求:第一课连接词用得很巧妙, 第二课总分段式明显。因此, 本单元的教学终点目标定为: (1) 能连句成段, 适当运用连接的词语。 (2) 能抓住中心句, 写一段语句通顺的话。 (3) 能根据记叙文的四要素, 写一篇简单的记叙文。

这样的终点目标在“单元整组教学”的背景下就需要分解到具体的每篇课文中。根据每篇课文本身的特点, 单元终点目标1就分解到第一课《我们的民族小学》, 具体定为:能说出第一段和第三段中的句子是怎样连接起来的;能根据教师提供的材料, 正确选择连接的词语。目的在于让学生能适当地连句成段。单元终点目标2则分解到第二课《金色的草地》, 具体定为:能找出文中的中心句, 说出中心句的作用。能抓住中心句, 正确回答课后第二题。目的在于让学生掌握总分段式的写法。这两点指向的都是段的教学, 符合年段特点。而单元终点目标3可分解到第三课《爬天都峰》, 具体定为:说出记叙文的四要素, 找出文中的时间、地点、人物、事情;根据教师提供的材料, 正确判断四要素;根据教师提供的材料, 正确补上缺少的要素。有了第一、二课的铺垫, 然后通过第三课的学习, 就能让学生根据四要素, 写出一篇简单的记叙文, 从而实现整个单元目标。

从上面的例子可以看出:单篇为单元服务, 所有的终点目标都有课文去实现, 所有的单篇课文都为单元终点目标服务, 全局性很强!

二、彰显个性, 让单篇还是单篇

“单元整组教学”背景下, 一方面强调一篇课文为一组课文服务, 单篇课文是整组课文的附属, 但是另一方面又非常注重每篇课文独特的语言价值和教学价值, 把一篇课文还是看做一篇课文, 所以在目标定位上也显示出自己独特的个性让单篇还是单篇。

如这个单元中《爬天都峰》一课描写了在暑假里, “我”和爸爸去爬天都峰, 路遇一位素不相识的老大爷, 我们互相鼓励, 克服山高路陡的困难, 终于一起爬上了天都峰。告诉人们在苦难面前, 要有战胜困难的勇气和决心。这个道理对于现在娇生惯养、缺少历练的学生来说很有意义, 再加上《新课程标准》中也明确规定“培养学生高尚的道德情操和健康的审美情趣, 形成正确的价值观和积极的人生态度, 是语文教学的重要内容, 不应把它们当做外在的附加任务”。因此, 这篇课文教学中有必要引导学生理解这个故事的道理。所以这篇课文的目标中增加了一条:能说一说从课文中学到了什么道理。这不是单元的终点目标, 但是在这篇课文中是应该教的, 这就体现了文本的个性。

又比如第四课《槐乡的孩子》语言清新甜美, 大量排比、比喻的运用充分体现了祖国语言文字的魅力, 这也是孩子们在小学阶段遇到的第一篇略读课文, 选编的意图是:体会一些词句的表达效果, 培养独立阅读的能力。因此, 本课的主要目标就可加上:能说出一些优美的词句在表情达意方面的作用, 并进行背诵。

按照王荣生教授的观点, 文选型的教材按功能分有定篇、例文、用件、样本四类, 如果说让单篇为单元服务, 体现更多的是教材的例文、样本的功能的话, 那么让单篇还是单篇, 就发挥了教材的定篇和用件的功能, 这尊重了教材的丰富性。

三、互相联系, 让单篇层层递进

“单元整组教学”背景下的单篇课文在单元总目标的指引下, 不再是一篇篇孤立的文本:各自为政、毫不相干。他们之间有了千丝万缕的联系, 并且前篇课文的学习直接影响着后篇课文的学习, 技能目标的设置呈层层递进的状态。还是以这一单元为例, 第一课《我们的民族小学》解决的是连接词的问题, 属于写成篇的文章中最基本的技能;第二课《金色的草地》着眼于“围绕中心句写一段话”, 这是段落的要求, 比第一课的要求高, 但是比写整篇的文章简单;第三课《爬天都峰》要求根据四要素写记叙文, 着眼于成篇的写作, 要求比前几课又提高了;然后第四课, 积累语言, 已经从写“对”向写“美”转变了, 这又是一个层次!四个层次层层递进, 最终指向的都是为了提高学生的语文素养, 虽然有些技能并不是一个单元的教学就能完成的, 但是至少不会造成重复, 因为后一篇的设计是以前一篇为依据的。

王荣生教授曾经指出:“与中小学其他科目相比较, “语文教学内容”具有易生产性的特点。比如对某一选文, 语文教材编撰者、语文教师乃至学生, 都可能、也可以生发自己的阐释, 即使是权威的阐释也会因时代、因人而有所不同。因此, 如果没有在“单元整组教学”的背景下, 没有“单元终点目标”这条线, 每篇课文的教学内容可能会各不相同, 目标的设置更多的是依赖于教师的主观感觉和主观经验, 凭借的是教师个人的素质:有经验的教师定得连贯些, 重复少一些;少经验的教师就随心所欲、无序一些。还是以这一单元的四篇课文为例, 网络中进行搜索, 这些课文马上就跳出很多不同的目标, 不同的人设置了许多不同的目标:有内容理解方面的, 如第一课《我们的民族小学》:能概括说出课文大意, 感受民族小学的特点;有写句子方面的, 如第二课《金色的草地》:能用表示不同时间的词语写几句话, 做到连贯、无语病;有训练概括能力方面的, 如第三课《爬天都峰》:能说说读完课文的感受, 概括课文大意;有指向写作顺序的, 如第四课《槐乡的孩子》:培养独立阅读能力, 初步体会部分语段的写作顺序和一些词语表情达意的作用。甚至同一篇课文的目标也定得五花八门, 比如第二课《金色的草地》, 有老师定为:能插进适当的想象, 写写美丽的草地。也有老师定为:教学生认真观察, 培养自主、合作的精神。当然还有其他很多。

可见, 这些目标间有些重复, 如第一课和第三课, 都是概括能力的训练;有些超标, 如概括是四年级的要求;有些目标太低, 如第二课写几句话, 是低段的要求。更重要的是这些目标对本单元的习作“写一件事”作用是不大的, 如:概括课文大意对“写一件事情”就没什么用。并且这些目标间互相联系也不大, 第一课和第二课、第三课之间就毫无关系。这样缺少统筹的规划, 容易造成教学的混乱和浪费:可能这一课这一项技能教到这个程度, 下一课还是这一项技能这个程度, 没有提高。如“比喻句”, 学生从小学一直学到了高中, 还是不会, 根本原因还是停留在同一层次的教学, 今天是“认识”比喻句, 明天还是在“认识”比喻句, 而“运用”和“迁移”却没有, 所以学生学不会比喻句。而“单元整组教学”背景下, 教师着眼于全局, 统筹规划, 用单元终点目标做主线, 让单篇之间互相层层递进, 语文技能水平一课一课地上去, 能避免重复和浪费, 有利于课堂的真正高效。

“单元整组教学”背景下的语文教学目标既注重共性, 又尊重个性, 互相联系, 层层递进, 宏观、高效, 能有效地引导课堂教学!

摘要：单元整组教学是以一单元课文为基本单位, 加强各课文之间的有效联系, 甚至再开发后进行的一种教学活动形式。“单元整组教学”背景下的单篇课文教学不同于孤立的单篇课文教学, 其目标的预设从全局出发, 更加科学、有序和整合。

写景类课文单元导读课初探 第4篇

一、单元整体解读

进行单元整体教学，首要任务是对单元进行整体解读。教师在把握编者对这一组教材的整体设计意图的情况下解读每篇课文，做到居高临下、前后联系地解读每篇课文。

苏教版第九册第五单元以“景秀中华”为专题编排教材。其中，《黄山奇松》和《黄果树瀑布》为自然景观，《莫高窟》为人文景观。三篇文章的辞藻很华丽，大量运用了比喻、拟人、联想和排比的修辞手法。《黄山奇松》和《莫高窟》写法上还有以下的相同之处：（1）文章为总分总的构段方式。（2）《黄山奇松》在介绍黄山松的时候运用了点面结合的写法，《莫高窟》在描写彩塑和壁画时也用了点面结合的写法。这种写作方法和四年级时所学的《泉城》是一样的。而《黄果树瀑布》采用移步换景的写法，和四年级所学的《九寨沟》的写法是一样的。

二、设计单元预习单

对于刚接触单元整体教学的学生来说，教师有必要给他们一个支撑，让他们清楚地知道预习时要做什么，怎么做。所以，单元预习单应运而生。

在教学苏教版第九册第五单元时，我是这样设计预习单的：

（一）课文直通车

1．一读：浏览课文，说说每篇课文给你印象深刻的景物是什么？你最喜欢哪篇课文？

2．二读：扫除“拦路虎”。教师从音、形、义三个方面罗列词语帮助学生学习，然后再让学生进行补充。

3．三读：根据教师的问题，带着问题读课文，引导学生关注文章的描写重点。

（二）课外照明灯：提供与这三篇课文相关的内容、推荐相关的网站。

（三）质疑问难：写出自己在预习了这个单元后，心中的一些问题。

预习单是针对刚接触单元整体教学的学生而提供的一个扶手。在长期的单元整体教学中，学生会渐渐具备单元整体预习的能力，这时，教师可让学生自己设计个性的预习单。

三、单元导读课

在学生充分预习的基础之上，教师以预习单为依托，展开单元导读课的教学。单元导读课的目标应有以下两点：1.对本单元内容有一个整体的初步认识，撰写单元导语。2.质疑问难，导学导教。苏教版第九册第五单元的导读课，我是这样教学的：

（一）整体感知，激发兴趣

1．指名交流本单元由哪些课文组成。

出示一系列和课文内容相关的图片，让学生说说这些图片分别展示的是哪个景点，说说看了这些图片以后的一些感受。

2．抓住重点，积累词语。

对预习单上的“三读”进行反馈。《黄山奇松》重点描写了三大名松；《黄果树瀑布》重点描写了瀑布的样子和声音；《莫高窟》重点描写了彩塑、壁画和藏经洞。引导学生结合预习单，对词语進行分类。如《黄果树瀑布》中形容声音洪大的词语有哪些。

【设计意图：写景类课文通常运用大量的辞藻来形容景物。因此，引导学生按类别整理本单元词语，有助于学生对一类词语的积累，同时也为下面单元导语的撰写奠定基础。】

（二）提炼主题，撰写导语

1．引导学生回顾本单元内容，小组拟定单元主题。

2．以刚刚积累的词语为依托，为这个单元写导语。如有的学生这样写道：同学们，我们的祖国山河景秀壮丽！你瞧，黄山上的一棵棵松树形态奇特、生机勃勃；莫高窟的一尊尊彩塑惟妙惟肖、精妙绝伦，5000多平方米的壁画宏伟瑰丽；你听，黄果树瀑布那轰鸣的水声，气势磅礴！如果你想了解更多，就请走进第五单元吧！

3．实物投影学生的单元导语，师生互动，提出修改意见。

【设计意图：人教版的教材在每一单元前都有一段导语，对即将展开学习的单元进行导航、目标定位等，而苏教版的教材没有。所以教师更应在单元导读课上让学生尝试来写单元导语，让学生学会站在单元的角度上看文本，对整个单元有一个整体的认识。】

（三）质疑归类，解决问题

1．投影出示课前根据学生预习单罗列出来的问题。

2．把这些问题分成三类：(1)关于整个单元的； (2)关于单篇课文的；(3)需要课外查资料的。

3．解决一些关于整个单元的问题。如学生提出问题“这个单元的课文在写法上和以前学的写景类课文《泉城》一致吗？”

【设计意图：导读课上学生提出的一些对于整个单元的问题，要适时地进行交流和解决，从而培养学生阅读时的单元意识。但不是所有的关于单元的问题都要放在导读课上解决。例如学生提出“本单元课文和四年级时学的写景类课文有什么不同之处？”，这一类提升性的问题就要在单篇课文教学结束之后的单元总结课上来解决。】

进行“单元整体教学”，有利于培养学生整体感知和整体把握课文的能力，并借助学生的好奇心和初级求知欲望，促使其初步感知单元学习内容；在“部分感悟”学习活动之后，再回到“整体”上对单元学习内容进行全面把握。长期如此，循环渐进，学生的整体感知和学习能力定会不断提高。

第二单元课文翻译 第5篇

两个月以前，我在一份科普杂志上读到一篇有趣的文章，文章是关于不同文化背景下的人们是如何通过面部表情流露情感的。文章说，俄国人在面部表情中流露的情感最少——美国人流露的最多。这似乎非常有趣。但作为印度人，我觉得更有趣的是，研究人员还研究了哪个国家的人笑得最多。印度人在排行榜上几乎是垫底的——准确地说，位于第124 名，而丹麦人则居于首位。

这使我想到自己，以及自己的经历。我记得我的女儿——那时候她肯定是在八岁左右——曾经问我：“爸爸，为什么只有当外国人到家里来的时候你才微笑？” 我意识到自己确实像她说的那样。通常，只有当外国客人来访时我才微笑。有外国客人时，我会有意识地努力改变我正常的面部表情。从女儿提醒我之后，我决定开始更多地微笑，在家里这样，上班也一样。

起初，我得强迫自己微笑。我记得在什么地方读到过，我们皱眉的时候比微笑的时候动用的肌肉要多得多。可是我们依然需要努力才会微笑——那是一种习得的行为，而不是一种反射动作。但令人奇怪的是，只要我拉起嘴角的肌肉，就觉得快乐。换句话说，面部反应能增强其所表达的情感。

第二单元课文翻译 第6篇

Unit Two Psychology in Our Daily Life Teaching Aims: 教学目标:

In this unit students are required to : 1)get to know some useful information concerning the topic of the reading passages in this unit and to know more about English culture;了解有关本单元阅读内容的一些有用信息，了解更多关于英语文化的知识;

2)do some preparation activities such as discussion, group work, etc.to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills;做一些准备活动，如讨论、小组工作等，练习他们的口语技巧和交流技巧

3)grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary;掌握一些新单词，试着用这些单词来丰富他们的词汇;

4)read the in-class reading passage in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passage to improve their reading comprehension;在有限的时间内阅读课堂上的阅读文章，掌握课堂阅读中的一些表达和语法点，提高阅读理解能力;

5)do some post-reading exercises and some after-class reading to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their English comprehensive skills.;做一些课后阅读练习和课后阅读练习，以提高他们在课堂上的知识，提高他们的英语综合技能。

6)translate some typical sentences into Chinese or English by using some expressions learned in the reading passages to acquire some translating skills and better their translating abilities.运用阅读中的一些句型，将一些典型的句子翻译成汉语或英语，以获得一些翻译技巧，提高翻译的能力。

I.Useful information 1.Psychology is a young and growing science that touches on a broad range of human activities.In general, however one can say that psychology tries to explain why people cat, think, and feel the way they do.心理学是一门新兴的科学，涉及广泛的人类活动。一般来说，人们会说心理学试图解释为什么人们会喜欢猫，思考和感觉自己的行为。

2.Psychologists are interested not only in how individual minds work but also in the various interactions of minds in society.It should be noted that psychology provides methods of analyzing and understanding human behavior and emotion that are not based on moral codes.心理学家不仅对个人思想的工作方式感兴趣，而且对社会中各种思想的相互作用也感兴趣。应该指出的是，心理学提供了分析和理解人类行为和情感的方法，而不是基于道德准则

3.The whole field of psychoanalysis originated with the research of the Austrian doctor, Sigmund Freud(1856-1939).According to his theories, people are driven by irrational(not being able to reason;illogical)forces or primitive instincts.Freud believed that the inner struggle between instincts and conscience often led to disaster which was manifested(show clearly)in the form of personal tragedies such as murder and suicide or collective tragedies such as war.He advocates(support)the use of psychoanalysis to help people control irrational forces.Much of Freud’s work was based on his interpretation of dreams and sexual instincts.整个精神分析领域源于奥地利医生西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的研究(1856-1939)。根据他的理论，人们是被非理性驱使的(无法推理;不合逻辑的)力量或原始本能。弗洛伊德认为，直觉和良知之间的内在斗争经常导致灾难，这种灾难以个人悲剧的形式表现出来，如谋杀、自杀或战争等集体悲剧。他提倡使用精神分析来帮助人们控制非理性的力量。弗洛伊德的大部分作品都是基于他对梦和性本能的诠释。

4.The whole field of psychology has evolved(develop)and expanded considerably since the early part of the twentieth century.There are now many branches of psychology and it is no longer limited to clinical(cold;without feelings)work and the analysis of dreams.从二十世纪早期开始，整个心理学领域都在发展和扩展。现在有许多心理学分支，它不再局限于临床(冷;没有感情的工作和对梦的分析。

5.Men and women with training in psychology now work in many different careers ranging from therapists to advertising agents.The findings of psychological research are used help the victims of family violence, to design aptitude tests（性向测验），to carry out efficiency studies in the workplace, to develop educational strategies, to conduct political campaigns, and to predict consumer spending.In fact, there id hardly any aspect of modern society that has not been influenced in some way by research in the field of psychology.有心理学训练的男男女女现在从事着许多不同的职业，从心理治疗师到广告代理。心理学研究的结果有助于使用家庭暴力的受害者,设计能力测试(性向测验),执行效率研究在工作场所,发展教育策略,进行政治活动,预测消费者支出。事实上，在现代社会中，几乎没有任何方面，在心理学领域的研究中并没有受到某些方面的影响。

II.Preparation 1．Describing the pictures on page 32.描述第32页的图片

Picture 1: The patient looks sad.He is coming out of the hospital, carrying a test report in his hand.Judging from the black cloud hanging over the hospital, the drooping flowers and trees, and the report with the word “Cancer” on it, we can assume that he has had a series of tests.图1:病人看起来很伤心。他从医院出来，手里拿着一份化验报告。从悬挂在医院上空的黑云，垂下的鲜花和树木，以及“癌症”一词的报告，我们可以推测他已经做了一系列的测试。

Picture 2: The man is lying in bed.The doctor has obviously prescribed all kinds of medicine because there bottles of pills on the table beside the bed.There is also a piece of paper with the word “will” written on it.The man is also depressed that he has written his will because he thinks he is going to die.图二:男人躺在床上。医生显然开了各种各样的药，因为在床边的桌子上放了几瓶药。还有一张纸条，上面写着“will”。这个人也很沮丧，因为他认为自己会死，所以写了遗嘱。

Picture3: The man appears extremely happy.The sun is shining over the hospital.The flowers and trees are upright.The doctor has told the man that he does not have cancer after all.(The report he is carrying has an “X” through the word “cancer”.)On seeing this result, he can’t believe his eyes.图片3:这个人看起来非常高兴。阳光普照医院。花和树都是直立的。医生告诉那个人他根本没有癌症。(他携带的报告有“X”字通过“癌症”一词。)看到这个结果，他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。

Picture 4: The sun is shining, the trees are full of fruit and the hospital has disappeared.The man is happy.He appears to be singing or whistling.He takes a racket and heads off to play tennis.He is healthy and energetic again.图四:阳光灿烂，树上满是水果，医院也不见了。的人是幸福的。他似乎在唱歌或吹口哨。他拿起球拍，就去打网球。他又健康又精力充沛。

2.Getting to know your classmates 了解你的同学

Possible reasons for the beliefs and feelings  Those who love shopping may have a lot of money to spend and take delight in doing shopping.Sometimes they have a sense of accomplishment after shopping is done.In other cases, when people are in low spirits, they tend to do a lot of shopping.爱购物的人可能会有很多钱花,乐于做购物。有时他们在购物后会有成就感。在其他情况下，当人们情绪低落时，他们往往会去购物。

 Some people don’t eat beef because of their religion.For example, Hindus do not eat beef.Others do not eat beef because of their family habits.有些人不吃牛肉,因为他们的宗教。例如，印度教徒不吃牛肉。其他人不吃牛肉是因为他们的家庭习惯。 Bus service in some places is very poor.Buses are usually crowed and dirty.That is why people don’t like to ride on a bus and when they are on a bus, they will get sick.The result will probably be that they hate riding on a bus even more.巴士服务在一些地方非常贫穷。公共汽车通常拥挤不堪。这就是为什么人们不喜欢乘坐公共汽车，当他们乘公共汽车时，他们会生病。结果可能是他们更讨厌乘坐公共汽车。

 Those who love to talk to themselves are often timid and reserved(shy).They express their own feeling by doing so.Some people do so because they are not sure of themselves.They can practice talking to others in imagination, i.e.by imagining that they are facing other people and talking with them.喜欢跟自己的人往往是胆小,保留(害羞)。他们这样做表达了自己的感情。有些人这样做是因为他们不确定自己。他们可以在想象中练习与他人交谈，也就是说，想象他们面对着其他人，与他们交谈。

 Some people are terrified of snakes because some snakes are very poisonous.Other people hate them because they are ugly and disgusting.一些人害怕蛇,因为蛇毒性很大。其他人讨厌他们，因为他们丑陋又恶心。

 People sometimes associate violence and ghosts with darkness.In the darkness, people usually feel lonely and helpless.人们有时把暴力和鬼魂与黑暗。在黑暗中，人们通常感到孤独和无助。

 Some people think they are too fat when compared with those slim people around them.In most parts of the world, people are worried when they gain weight and try every means to keep thin.Everyone hopes to be good-looking or beautiful and follow the trend.有些人认为他们太胖相比,那些苗条的周围的人。在世界上的大部分地区，人们在增重的时候都很担心，并且想尽一切办法保持苗条。每个人都希望自己长得好看或漂亮，并追随潮流。

 Those who hold on to their money as long as possible are usually very thrifty.They are afraid that if they spend all their money, they will have nothing to rely on.With as much money as they can save, they can at least have a sense of security.那些坚持他们的钱尽可能长时间通常很节俭。他们害怕如果他们把钱花光了，就没有什么可依靠的了。只要他们能省钱，他们至少可以有安全感。

 People who hate queuing are impatient.They think it is a waste of time to spend their precious time queuing.讨厌排队的人不耐烦。他们认为花宝贵的时间排队是浪费时间。

 People believe in ghosts if they have heard many ghost stories.Some people who have dreamed of ghosts may believe in them.人相信鬼魂如果他们听过很多鬼故事。有些梦见鬼魂的人可能相信他们。

 These people believe that everyone has a certain fate.It is fate that determine everything in their life.They are anxious to find out what their future will be like.So they go to a fortune teller in order to know their future in advance.这些人相信每个人都有一个特定的命运。命运决定了他们生活中的一切。他们急于想知道他们的未来会是什么样子。所以他们去找算命师来提前了解他们的未来。

III.Pre-Reading Activities 课前阅读活动

Directions: Discuss the following questions in pairs If you have any health problems , do you always go to the doctor? If so, what do you expect from the doctor? 两组讨论下列问题

如果你有任何健康问题，你总是去看医生吗?如果是这样的话，你对医生的期望是什么?

Possible answer: If I have health problems, I will go to the doctor.I want the doctor to examine me, to diagnose the problem, to write a prescription or to tell me if there is anything I should do or avoid.If it is necessary, the doctor will give me some tests.Above all, I always expect that the doctor will tell me that I will get better quickly.如果我有健康问题，我会去看医生。我希望医生检查我，诊断问题，开处方，或者告诉我是否有什么我应该做或避免的。如果有必要，医生会给我做一些检查。最重要的是，我总是希望医生能告诉我，我很快就会好起来的。

IV.In-Class Reading Activities

1.The students are supposed to finish the in-class reading passage within 14 minutes.2.Language points

1)to come away with sth: to leave a place with sth e.g.We came away with an uneasy feeling that all was not well with marriage.To come away from sth: to become detached from sth（脱落）The light switch came away from the wall.2）…all a sick person needs is some…

all that(that is omitted): what(the verb must be single)e.g.All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.(subject)All that he lacked was training.(subject)He thought over all that his parents had said(object)Do not all you can;spend not all you have;believe not all you hear;and tell not all you know.(obj.)Is that all you want to say?(predictive)That’s all there is to be said.(predictive)3)…some assurance that…(appositive clause)

(fact, opinion, notion, suggestion, proposal, thought, news, truth, report, idea, rumor, hope, belief, doubt, proof…)e.g.I have no idea that you were here.They marveled at the fact that China did it all on its own.There can be no doubt that he is qualified for the job.4)even though/if: in spite of the fact that;no matter whether e.g.Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there.They’ll stand by(support)you even if you don’t succeed.5)to open up: to begin to develop开采，开发，开垦

e.g.They have already made plans to open up the mine/land.6)More wasted land will be opened up in a planned way. to open up: open打开，开放

e.g.After we had opened up the package, we found that it had nothing in it of important.They opened the country up to trade. to open up: to make sth available开拓（新领域）展示，揭示 e.g.His stories opened up new worlds of the imagination.Einstein’s theories opened up a whole new area for study. to open up开刀，切开

e.g.They opened up his stomach to get at the source of the trouble.他们给他的胃开了刀，找出了病根

7)to fool sb into doing sth: trick/deceive sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事  to fool sb into sth e.g.He has fooled a lot of people into believing he is a rich man.He fooled himself into believing that he was contributing to the motherland. to make a fool of oneself使自己出丑，出洋相

e.g.The boy made a fool of himself. to make a fool of sb欺骗，愚弄，捉弄

e.g.She is always trying to make a fool of her husband in public.类似结构的短语: to persuade sb into doing sth to cheat sb into doing sth to deceive sb into doing sth to frighten sb into doing sth to force sb into doing sth to trap sb into doing sth使…陷入圈套 to lure sb into doing sth诱惑…做…

e.g.He persuaded her into buying the house.Think carefully before you answer his questions.You may be trapped into giving away vital information.The young man frightened the old man into signing the paper/ the will.8)It seems that似乎看来，仿佛感到（觉得）

e.g.It seems that nobody knew what had happened.It seems that sth is wrong.It seems to me that someone is calling.It seemed to him that he had never worked so hard in his life.9)to rest with  to rest with: to lie with由…决定，得靠 e.g.It rests with to make the decision.The final decision rests with the headmaster.The success of our plan lies with you. to rest with: to be the responsibility of是…的责任；在…的手中

e.g.The fate of these prisoners rests with the judge.The trouble rests with you. to rest on/upon: to depend on依靠 寄托在

e.g.His fame rests on his plays more than on his novels.Our hopes rest on you.The charge rests on the evidence of one witness.10)to have/put/place trust in: to trust in;to have faith in信赖，相信，信任

e.g.I have absolute trust in the doctor.我绝对相信医生。I put trust in you.I don’t place any trust in his promises.11)in a way;in one way ,in some ways: to a certain degree在某种程度上，就某个意义来说

e.g.The changes are an improvement in one way.In a way, her health is much improved, but she is still not really well.In a way you are right.12）“role” is often used in this phrase “to play a role/part in”

e.g.Especially in Brazil, the Negroes have played a most important role in the development of the nation.He had played a major role in the foundation of the United Nations.13)as a result结果（状语）

e.g.As a result he had been given an excellent job.as a result of由于…的结果（状语）

e.g.Meanwhile other events had occurred as a result of this war.14)the same…as和…一样（同样）e.g.My stand on this just the same as before.Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday.15)to have an effect on e.g.It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking.This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.The acid had no effect on the metal.16)reaction on  to react on: respond to对…作出反应，对某人有疗效

e.g.How did he react to the news? How is your patient reacting to the course of treatment?  to react positively/negatively to a suggestion（赞成/反对）

reaction to: response to对…反应

e.g.What was his reaction to the news? Our reaction to a joke is to laugh.His reaction to the doctor’s treatment was satisfactory.3.Questions for group discussion 1)Is there really a doctor in the body? If so, who do you think is the doctor? Why? I think there is a doctor in the body and it is the mind.Usually if we are quit confident, we will react as if everything will go well.That is to say, if we are mentally sure that we will get better, the body will start functioning better.Otherwise we will lose heart and the illness in our body will probably get worse.I really believe in the power of “mind over matter”.2)How would you feel if your doctor had given you a placebo instead of medicine? It depends.If I got better, I would feel lucky to have been given a placebo instead of real medicine, because medicine often has some side effects.However, if I didn’t feel better, I would be very angry and probably would never go back to that doctor.3)If you got better anyway, would you think the doctor had cheated you? Would you be pleased that you had been able to heal your own body just by believing that you could?

I would think the doctor had cheated me.At the same time, I would be pleased that I had been able to heal my body by believing that I could.I would be proud of my will power and become more confident of myself 4.Translation 1)All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.2)In many cases regulations alone will not work.3)He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4)She stared at me as if I were a stranger.5)It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday.6)I feel angry at the way he has treated me.7)The patient is much the same as he was yesterday.8)I’d like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.V.Further Development 进一步发展

1.Words Association and Story-telling STEP ONE emergency, first aid, injury, penicillin, shock, wound, sore, scrape, choking, bruise, shot, pulse, unconscious(ness), antibiotic, cough, rescue faint(ing)thermometer, soothe, injection, headache, toothache, stomachache, hospital, dentist, therapy, therapist, drug, medicine, heart attack, chronic, seasick(ness), airsick(ness), bleed(ing), fracture, fever, flu/influenza, cold, dislocation, temperature, disease, illness, cancer, infection, ulcer, placebo, case, heal, cure, capsule, pill, tablet, prescribe, prescription, cut examine, X-ray,etc.第一步紧急、急救、伤害、青霉素、休克、伤口,痛,刮,窒息,瘀伤,射击,脉搏、无意识(尼斯),抗生素,咳嗽,救援微弱(ing)温度计,抚慰,注入,头痛、牙痛、胃痛、医院,牙医,疗法,治疗师,药物,医药、心脏病、慢性、晕船(尼斯),晕机(尼斯),出血(ing),骨折,发烧、流感和流感,寒冷、位错、温度、疾病、疾病、癌症、感染、溃疡、安慰剂,情况下,愈合,治疗,胶囊,片剂,平板电脑,开处方,处方,减少检查,x射线等。

STEP TWO Last summer, my friends and I decided to go mountain-climbing.Our excursion up the mountain turned out to be a disappointing adventure.去年夏天，我和朋友决定去爬山。我们的登山之行原来是一次令人失望的冒险。

We began by following the long winding path that leads to the summit of the mountain.It was raining so it was very slippery in some spots.When we were half way up, one of my friends fell, He hurt his leg very badly.It bled a lot and it was so painful that he could not walk.We were sure he had a broken leg.With the help of several kind people we managed to carry him all the way down the mountain.我们从那条通往山顶的蜿蜒小路开始。下雨了，有些地方很滑。当我们走到一半的时候，我的一个朋友摔倒了，他的腿很疼。它流了很多血，疼得他不能走路。我们确信他的腿断了。在几个善良的人的帮助下，我们设法把他带到山下。

When we reached the village, we were able to get a taxi to the hospital.The doctor cleaned the cuts and bruises and examined my friend’s leg very thoroughly.He said that it was not broken but that it would be very sore for some time and that it would take a while for the cuts to heal.Just knowing that his leg wasn’t broken made my friend feel better.The doctor gave him an injection of antibiotics to prevent infection and told him that he would have to come back for more shots.当我们到达村子的时候，我们可以乘出租车去医院。医生清洗了伤口和瘀伤，非常彻底地检查了我朋友的腿。他说，伤口不会破裂，但会很痛一段时间，需要一段时间才能愈合伤口。我只是知道他的腿没有断，这让我的朋友感觉好多了。医生给他打了一针抗生素，以防止感染，并告诉他，他必须回来再注射更多的疫苗。

Three days later we came down with terrible colds.We all had had coughs so we went to see the doctor.He prescribed some cough medicine.He said that the medicine wouldn’t cure our coughs but that it would soothe our throats.三天后，我们得了重感冒。我们都有咳嗽，所以我们去看医生。他开了一些咳嗽药。他说这种药治不了我们的咳嗽，但它能使我们的嗓子平静下来。

Feeling tired and discouraged, we decided to leave for home.Our mountain-climbing trip had not been very successful.We were three healthy people when we arrived and we left feeling tired and miserable.由于感到疲倦和沮丧，我们决定动身回家。我们的登山之旅并不是很成功。当我们到达时，我们是三个健康的人，我们离开时感到疲倦和痛苦。

2.Interpreting an old saying Directions: There is an old saying “Once bitten, twice shy”.Work in groups to explain the proverb by using examples.用法:俗话说“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”。用例子来解释这句谚语。

This proverb means that if a person is frustrated(prevent sb from doing sth)by an experience or even suffers loss, either material or mental, from it, then it will have a psychological influence on him that he wouldn’t dare to do it again or he will try to avoid it.A typical example in Chinese folklore is that a man who has been bitten by a snake is so afraid of it that he shies at the coiled rope for ten years.这句谚语的意思是，如果一个人因为某件事而感到沮丧(阻止某人做某件事)，或者甚至遭受损失，无论是物质上的还是精神上的损失，那么他就会对他产生心理上的影响，他不敢再这样做，否则他会设法避免。中国民间传说中的一个典型例子是，一个被蛇咬过的人很害怕被蛇咬了10年。

3.Trying to be a psychologist Possible advice: 可能的建议:

Susan is a shy girl.She is afraid of talking with others.苏珊是个害羞的女孩。她害怕与人交谈。

To make her realize that everyone is equal and that she is as intelligent as or even more intelligent than others;to encourage her to take the initiative in conversation with others;to tell her family members or close friends or praise her regularly and let her know that they appreciate her company.让她意识到每个人都是平等的，她是聪明的，甚至比别人聪明;鼓励她主动与他人交谈;告诉她的家人或亲密的朋友，或经常表扬她，让她知道他们欣赏她的公司。

Jack is the owner of a boutique（时装店）.His clothes do not sell well.To tell Jack to sell his clothes on sale and let customers know that the discount cannot be ignored;to ask Jack to raise the price of the clothes so that people feel they are of good quality;杰克是个精品店的主人(时装店)。他的衣服卖得不好。

告诉杰克出售他的衣服，让顾客知道折扣不能被忽略;要求杰克提高衣服的价格，让人们觉得他们的质量很好;

Peter is a sloppy(马虎的)college student.He is reluctant to make his bed and wash his clothes.彼得是一个草率的(马虎的)大学生。他不愿铺床，洗衣服。

To invite a girl student to his dormitory;to ask his classmates to tell him casually that a sloppy person is just disgusting;邀请女生到宿舍;让同学们随便告诉他一个邋遢的人只是恶心;

Tom is a football fan.He is depressed to see his team always defeated.汤姆是个足球迷。看到他的球队总是被击败，他很沮丧。

To tell Tom that football is not everything in life and that some football fans die of heart attacks because they are so excited;to help him to cultivate some other hobbies and interests.告诉汤姆足球不是生活中的一切，一些球迷死于心脏病，因为他们太兴奋了;帮助他培养其他爱好和兴趣。

VI.Writing

Psychology in Our Life

生活中的心理学

Sample One 例一

Psychology plays an important role in our daily life.Our feelings and attitudes color the way we behave.Confidence is a good example.心理学在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。我们的感情和态度会影响我们的行为。自信就是一个很好的例子。

In reality, a great number of people complain that they haven’t the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome.In some cases, this may be true.But in other cases, it means that people allow themselves to get discouraged.事实上，许多人抱怨他们没有能力去做某事，或者他们的困难太大而无法克服。在某些情况下，这可能是真的。但在其他情况下，这意味着人们让自己变得沮丧。

For example, a confident man can accomplish many things.If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well.You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time.A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks.Without confidence you might be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it.You might think you will fail, so perhaps you do not try hard enough.例如，一个自信的人可以完成很多事情。如果你有信心，你相信自己能做好事情。你可能并不总是像你希望的那样好，但下一次你会更加努力。缺乏自信的人可能无法完成简单的任务。如果没有自信，你可能 10 会紧张，不确定自己，也不知道该做什么，该怎么做。你可能会认为你会失败，所以也许你不够努力。

There is a well-known proverb that says: “Where there is a will, there is a way.” In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it.Having confidence is an important part of our life.有一句名言说:“有志者，事竟成。”换句话说，如果你有意愿或决心去做某事，你总能找到方法去做。自信是我们生活中很重要的一部分。

Sample Two 例二

In our daily life, we often have to buy things.Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality from bad quality.Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made.What makes us buy things? 在我们的日常生活中，我们经常要买东西。我们大多数人都不能真正地把好的质量和坏的质量区分开来。很明显，我们可以看到一个苹果是否已经腐烂，但我们不能总能看到是否有什么东西做得很好。什么让我们买东西?

A woman might decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends have chosen that style.She wants to be like her friends.A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it expensive.He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality.A student who has a lot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was made by a well-known designer.Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.一个女人可能会决定买一件特别的衣服，因为她的几个朋友选择了这种款式。她想成为她的朋友。一个人可能会决定买一件大衣，因为它很贵。他认为既然价格昂贵，质量一定很好。一个有很多钱的学生可能会决定买一件夹克，因为它是由一位著名的设计师制作的。穿一件有设计师名字的夹克会让他觉得自己很重要。