bec图表作文题

bec图表作文题（精选8篇）

bec图表作文题 第1篇

BEC商务英语图表作文题常用句型总结

图表作文是BEC考试中常出的题型。对于如何描述图表，很多学习常感到困难。下面是一些常用的描述图表的句型，供大家参考。

1.At a slower rate...2.It reflects the great differences that exist between...3.These figures were overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figure of...4.It can be seen from the chart that significantly...~er(比较级)...than...5.In all locations, A out numbered B...6.These two pie charts(饼状图)show the differences between two groups of...7.The first point to note is the huge increase(in the number of)...8.A is more than...times(bigger)than B

9.The biggest loss was to A, which decreased from...to...of the whole.10.The biggest gains(in graduate numbers)were made by A which, as a group, have increased by over...11.To sum up,...12.This bar chart displays the numbers of...13.The chart reflects several trends.14.But...we see a different trend emerging.15.When we compare..., we see...16.This suggests increased educational opportunities for women in higher education.17.According to the graph,...18.The proportion of...19.There was a slight recovery...20....has dropped dramatically.21.The general trend appears to be increases.22.There were approximately...23....had jumped four fold to...24....rose sharply from...to...25.Remained constant at...26.The overall trend for...27.The graph shows the percentage of...28.We can see that...swell during the...hours, peaking at...am.29.Although the raw data does not provide an explanation for these trends

30.When coupled with the graphic information, leads to some possible conclusions...?

bec图表作文题 第2篇

1. We thank you very much for your inquiry of the l0th of May

2. I thank you for your inquiry of the 10th May

3. We are very much obliged by your enquiry dated the 10th May

4. We are indebted to your inquiry under date (of) the 10th May for

5. I thank you for your inquiry of July 10

高中英语图表类作文写作训练探究 第3篇

一、常见图表的基本形式及特点介绍

高中学生在英语学习中, 较少接触到图表类材料, 因此, 他们在初次接触到图表题时, 往往感到紧张, 无从下手。为此, 笔者分别向学生介绍了常见图表的几种基本形式和特点。

图表大体可分为图和表两大类。表即表格 (tables) ; 而图又可细分为饼型图 (pie charts ) 、线型图 (line graphs) 及条型图 (bar charts) 等。如下所示:

(一) 表格

Changes in People’s Diet

(二) 条型图

(三) 线型图

(四) 饼型图

学生各项主要活动所占有课余时间比例

描写图表的关键是看懂图表, 即从众多的数据中看出“名堂”, 看出问题来。一般来说, 各类表图具有下列特点:

1. 表格分门别类的罗列各种数据。要注意表格的标题和项目分类, 观察各个项目之间的内在关系。

2. 线型图反映的是某事物上升或下降的趋势。看这种图要注意曲线的上下起伏变化, 注意时间和所对应的量的关系。

3. 条型图是反映同一时间里不同事物上升和下降的趋势, 也可表示不同时间里同一事物的变化情况。

4. 饼型图是由一个圆形和圆里几个扇形组成。各个扇形的比例代表了相应部分在总量中所占的部分。饼形图反映了总量和分量之间的相对比例关系。一定要搞清楚每个扇形所表示的内容, 搞清楚各个部分所占的比例。

二、教学中, 教师帮助学生化解难点的方法

(一) 帮助学生审题

对于图表曲线作文, 首先要认真审查表格或曲线, 对所给出的数据、图形、分类、横线、纵线及百分比有一个完整的了解。要抓住其中有代表性、规律性的内容, 利用这些数据间的关系, 来得出规律性的结论。

要注意以下几点:

1.弄清题意, 要领会出题者的意图是哪一种:

a. 单纯描述解释图表曲线, 按表中信息如实表达, 不加评论。

b. 通过图表中的内容和数字变化来分析原因, 发表看法。

c. 兼有上述两者要求, 通过对比等手段来得出结论。

2.要会看趋势、找规律:从整体上看图表有何发展变化, 找出特点和规律。

依据图表所提供的材料, 得出合乎情理的结论

(二) 学习范文, 帮助学生从宏观角度了解图表类作文的三个自然段是如何分工的。以下这篇范文是我们根据前面图表 (一) 写成的。

Changes in People’s Diet

Studying the table carefully, we can see in the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s diet. Grain is on the decline form 49% to 45% ——it is also the case with fruit and vegetables. But the consumption of milk and meat, according to the table, are generally on the rise.

The most important reason of this change is probably the improvement of people’s living quality. When people become richer and richer, they will consume more and more nutritious food such as milk and meat, and eat less and less grain. The reason why fruit and vegetables rise a bit after several years’ lowering tendency is that people become more and more careful and reasonable in arranging their diet.

To sum up, people’s living quality is improving all the time—they pay more attention to the nutrition of various kinds of food, which is most helpful for their health.

我们把范文提供给学生, 要求他们以小组讨论的形式对其进行讨论, 分析该范文的基本框架结构。通过讨论, 学生们总结出了图表类作文在布局上的规律, 即三个自然段内容的侧重点分别为:1) 用文字描述该图表中的数字信息, 2) 分析图表中的数据变化和所反映的问题, 3) 对数据的变化进行评论或得出应有的结论。这样, 那些在写图表类作文时不知如何下笔的学生, 首先要了解同类短文写作的段落安排。

(三) 提供练习, 帮助学生掌握描述图表的规范用语

首先, 我们让学生了解图表类作文是如何起笔的, 并要求他们背记一些第一自然段中第一句话的惯用套语。如:According to the figures given in the table, + 主题句;The table ( pie chart, line graph, bar graph) shows (or indicates or makes it clear) that +主题句;As can be seen from the table ( figures, graph, bar / pie chart ) , we can see clearly that +主题句, 等等。

学生在用英语表示数字变化时, 表达方式也比较贫乏。我们向学生提供了一些表示“有……组成”, “占多大比例”, “上升, 增长”, “达到”, “下降, 减少”, “持续不变”;“分数百分数”, “倍数关系”的英语表达。如:consist of, be made up of, be composed of; account for, make/take up; increase, rise, expand, on the rise ; jump to, amount to, decrease, decline, fall, drop, go down, on the decline; remain steady; double, four/five times larger than, three times as big as six times the size /then length of half, 70 percentage, three-fifths等词和短语, 并且提供例句, 然后让学生按照例句造句。如表示上升的范例The population of this city has been increasing so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million. There was a rapid increase between 1993 and 1994, and the number then jumped to five million in 1995. 表示下降的范例As we can see from the graph that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003. The number of visitors from Europe declined slightly. 表示倍数的范例According to Chart I, the number was ten times as many as in 1995. As is described in the chart, the total number of visitors to the United States had nearly doubled to 2.7 million person by 2005. 同时我们还对连接词以及归纳总结或发表评论所常用的词汇句型进行指导。常用的词汇句型有therefore, furthermore, however, in contrast with, in a word, in short, generally speaking, in conclusion, to conclude, It’s clear from the chart that…, We can draw the conclusion that…, We can learn/know…等等。

在上述训练的基础上, 我们向学生提供了一些写作模板, 强化学生对于各类图表题的写作训练, “先写死, 后写活”, 学生不但增强了语言表达能力, 而且语篇意识也大为提高。如我们对表 (一) 总结出了下列模板。

① Studying the table carefully, we can see ______.

①描述表格。

② The most important reason of this change ______. The reason why ______.

②解释原因。

③ To sum up, ______.

③下结论。

在学习熟悉了上面的模板后, 我们又尝试着给出了另一模板。

① From the chart we can see clearly that ______.

①描述表格。

② In my mind, the reasons why ______ are as follows. First, ______. Besides, ______.

②解释原因。

③In my viewpoint, ______.

③下结论。

bec图表作文题 第4篇

考研英语图表作文的写作指令有两点：① Interpret the chart；② Give your comments。考研英语图表作文与一般作文的最大区别在于第一段，因为考生需要完成写作指令中的第一项任务——interpret the chart。既然是interpret，那就不能简单地把图表中的数据描述一番了事。要知道，描述图表是为了揭示出图表所蕴含的意义，因而描述图表只是手段，而非目的。本文中，笔者就来阐述考研英语图表作文第一段（图表描述段）的写作技巧。要写好这一段，考生需要做到三点：①提炼出图表的主旨；②简要引用数据作为支撑；③掌握描述图表的常用表达。下面笔者就以2010年和2012年的考研英语图表写作真题为例来具体说明。

图表作文题以图表的形式反映某种发展趋势或某个社会现象。因此，考生在描述图表时最重要的就是找出图表所反映的趋势或现象。图表一般都带有标题，它是图表内容的高度概括。所以，考生在下笔描述图表之前一定要细读图表的标题，了解图表的大致内容，然后分析图表中的数据。考生要通过对数据的横向和纵向分析，找出其背后所隐藏的意义，即图表的主旨。

分析：上图是2010年考研英语（二）大作文的图表，体现的是2000～2008年发达国家和发展中国家手机入网用户增长的差异。通过观察图表可以看出：发达国家起点高，但在这九年间手机入网用户数量的增幅却不大，到2008年增加到10亿；发展中国家起点低，但手机入网用户数量增长迅猛，从2003年开始已经超过发达国家，到2008年飙升至40亿。由此考生可以得出这幅图表所要传达的主旨：发达国家和发展中国家手机入网用户数量的增长速度差异很大。

某公司员工工作满意度调查

分析：上图是2012年考研英语（二）大作文的图表，比较了某公司不同年龄段的员工对工作满意度的差异。通过这些数据，考生可以发现这家公司的老年员工对工作最满意，青年员工对工作比较不满意，而中年员工对工作最不满意。由此考生可以提炼出这幅图表的主旨：在这家公司里，不同年龄的员工对工作的满意度差别很大。

既然考研英语图表作文的第一段要interpret the chart，那考生就不仅要描述图表，还要揭示出图表的主旨。确切地说，揭示出图表的主旨更为重要，因为那是作文论述的主题。为此，笔者推荐考生在描述图表时采用“揭示主旨+简要述图”的模式来写，即第一句开门见山地把图表的主旨表达出来，然后第二、三句引用图表中的数据作为支撑来进一步说明。由于描述图表只是手段而非目的，所以描述宜简洁，在引用图表中的数据时一般只需引用最小值、最大值这些特殊值即可，切不可把图表中的数据一股脑儿地都抄上去。

下面是2010年考研英语图表作文第一段的范文，请考生参考。

Developed and developing countries witnessed different rates of growth in mobile-phone subscriptions from 2000 to 2008. As the bar graph shows， the number of mobile-phone subscribers in developed countries rose steadily from 0.7 billion in 2000 to one billion in 2008. By stark contrast， mobile-phone subscribers in developing countries soared from 0.4 billion to four billion in the same period of time.

范文的第一句表明了图表的主旨：发达国家和发展中国家在2000～2008年间的手机入网用户增长率不同。然后用两句话描述图表，通过引用图表中的数据来说明增长率是如何不同的。虽然图表中的数据很多，但是这里只引用了四个极值，从而实现了描述的简化。

再来看2012年考研英语图表作文第一段的范文。

Job satisfaction varies greatly in different age groups within the company. As is shown in the table， workers aged 41 to 50 are least satisfied with their job， with 64% registering dissatisfaction. However， those aged over 50 are most satisfied， with only 10% feeling dissatisfied. As for workers aged 40 and younger， 33.3% are dissatisfied.

范文的第一句表达了这幅图表的主旨：在这家公司中，不同年龄组的员工对工作的满意度差别很大。然后用三句话引用图表中的三个关键数据来具体说明这种差别，简洁而有力。

总之，考生在写考研英语图表作文的第一段时，可以先用一句话概括出图表所反映的现象或趋势，然后引用图表中的关键数据来进一步说明。如果说图表的主旨是“红花”，那么引用的图表中的数据就是“绿叶”，“绿叶”是为了衬托“红花”，不可喧宾夺主。

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为了把图表描述得规范、得体，考生还要掌握描述图表的一些独特的表达方式，主要有以下几类。

1. 图表的说法

考研英语图表作文中不管考的是什么图表，都可以将之统称为chart （图表）。当然，图表又可以细分为以下几种主要类型：2010年所考的可以称为bar graph （条形图，柱状图），2012年所考的可以称为table （表格），1999年考到了line graph （折线图，曲线图），还有一种尚未考过的pie graph （饼状图，扇形图）。掌握了这些词汇，考生就可以根据具体情况贴切地使用了。

2. 从图表中引用数据的说法

考生要引用图表中的数据时，需要使用一些特定的表达法来引出数据，如：

According to the chart/table/graph， …

As the chart/table/graph shows， …

As is shown in the chart/table/graph， …

As can be seen from the chart/table/graph， …

It can be seen from the chart/table/graph that …

3. 描述数量变化时的常用表达

图表中的数据可能有上升、下降的变化，变化也有平稳、急剧之分，考生需要掌握描述数据的常用表达方式。

①表示上升的动词：increase （增加）、rise （上升）、go up （上升）、soar （猛增）、rocket （急剧上升）、jump （跃增）、hit （达到）、top （超过）等。

②表示下降的动词：decrease （减少）、decline （下降）、drop （下跌）、fall （下降）、slip （下跌）、plunge （突降）等。

③表示增、减或波动的句型：

The number of … increased/fell steadily/gradually from … in 2001 to … in 2008.

There was a steady/gradual increase/fall in the number of … from … in 2001 to … in 2008.

There was a slight/sharp increase/fall in the number of … from … in 2001 to … in 2008.

There was a slight/dramatic fluctuation in the number of … between 2001 and 2003.

④表示变化不大或没有变化的句型：

The number of … stayed/remained steady/stable/constant/the same between 2001 and 2003.

There was little/hardly any change in the number of … between 2001 and 2003.

⑤表示达到最高、最低点的句型：

The figure peaked at … in 2008.

The figure reached a peak/a high/a low at … in 2008.

小试牛刀：请考生观察下面这幅1999年考研英语作文的图表，然后按照本文所介绍的描述图表的方法写这篇作文的第一段。

英语作文图表作文 第5篇

As is clearly shown in the table/ figure/ graph / chart, 图表总体描述 between 年代 and 年代.Especially, 突出的数据变化.There are three reasons for 具体表示急剧上升、下降或特殊现象的词.To begin with, 原因一.In addition / Moreover, 原因二.For example, 具体例证.Last but no least, 原因三.In short,总结上文.As far as I am concerned, / For my part, / As for me,作者自己的观点.On the one hand, 理由一.On the other hand, 理由二.In brief,总结上文.图表分析作文2

The table / figure / graph / chart shows that 图表总述from 年代 to年代.It is self-evident that突出的数据变化.Three possible reasons contribute to 具体表示急剧上升、下降或特殊现象的词或代词代替上文内容.One reason is that原因一.Another reason is that原因二.For instance,举例证.What’s more原因

三.As a result, 重述上文之趋势.However, in my opinion 作者观点.For one thing,理由一.For another, 理由二.To sum up,总结上文.图表分析作文3

It can be seen from the table / figure / graph / chart that图表总述between年代and年代.Especially,突出的数据变化.Why are there such great changes during 图表涉及的年头数years? There are mainly two reasons explaining具体表示急剧上升、下降或特殊现象的词或代词代替上文内容.First,原因一.In the old days,比较法说明过去的情况.But now,说明现在的情况.Second,原因二.As a result,总结上文.In my viewpoint,作者自己的观点.On the one hand,论点一.On the other hand,论点二.图表分析作文4

As the table / figure / graph / chart shows,图表总述in the past years年代.Obviously,突出的数据变化.Why are there such sharp contrasts during 图表涉及的年头 years?

Two main factors contribute to具体表示急剧上升、下降或特殊现象的词或代词代替上文内容.First of all,原因一.In the past,比较法说明过去的情况.But now 说明现在的情况.Moreover,原因二.Therefore,总结上文.As I see it,作者自己的观点.For one thing,论点一.For another,论点二.图表作文补充句型

• As is shown in the graph…如图所示…

•The graph shows that…图表显示…

•As can be seen from the table,…从表格中可以看出…

•From the chart, we know that…从这张表中,我们可知…

BEC中级作文黄金句型 第6篇

(我不想/无意否认。。)Eg.I don’t mean to deny that you did help me a lot.I don’t mean to deny that you are completely right to make that decision.5.There is no doubt that + 句子 Eg.There is no doubt that he speaks decent English.There is no doubt that taking this test is not an easy job for me.毫无疑问能被牛津录取是我最大的梦想之一。

6.The greatest thing of … is that + 句子

The beauty of … is that + 句子

。。的优点是。。Eg.The greatest thing of being a teacher is that you never stop learning.The beauty of my job is that I have flexible working hours.出国留学的优点是我能够离开父母的怀抱学会自己成长。

7.The reason why + 句子 + is that + 句子

That’s the reason why …

Eg, The reason why I love this book so much is that I can obtain a lot of knowledge from it.8.What I am saying is that + 句子

Eg.What I am saying is that I really want to go to Oxford.我想说我认为这个点子不怎么好。

9.By + v-ing, … can/be able to …

(凭借/依靠/通过。。能够。。)By summarizing this material, we can grasp the main idea of it.通过几个月不眠不休通宵达旦的学习，我终于能够实现了我的梦想。

10.V-ing enable + 宾语 + to + v.Eg.Watching English movies enable us to speak better English.Jogging enables us to keep shape.在实习期间多积累工作经验能够使得你将来轻松得找到一份好工作。

11.主语 + have/has trouble + v-ing

我总是记不住这些英文单词。

我总是难以在2分钟内回答好这个问题。

12.Those who …..Eg.Those who love to talk will be more likely to speak English well.那些自暴自弃的人是无法成功的。

13.I can’t wait to + v.14.I’m looking forward to + v-ing

15.It is(hardly)conceivable that + 句子

It is obvious / apparent that + 句子

Eg.It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.16.You probably won’t believe, but…

Eg.You probably won’t believe it, but it is a truth according to the statistics.17.For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成时

Eg.For the past three months, I have been working on the IELTS.18.It pays to + V.（。。是值得的/会有回报的）Eg.It pays to help others.每天坚持来上课是会有回报的。

19.be closely related to ….Eg.Taking exercises on a regular basis is closely related to health.我能否被牛津录取与我的雅思分数息息相关

20.be supposed to + v.21.Due to / Owing to / Thanks to + n./ v-ing

22.All I want(to v.)is ……

Eg.All I want to do is to go back home.All I want is that you could think about it.我所想的就是约你一下。

23.have a great influence on …

互联网对我们的思想和行为方式影响很大

24.do good to;do harm to

读书对心灵有益

过度工作对健康有害。

25.pose a great threat to ……

Eg.Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.26.do one’s best / try one’s hardest to + v.27.According to the statistics(recent survey),…

数据显示，在英国的国际学生中有将近一半来自中国。

28.on one hand…, and on the other hand….29.It is not that + 句子，but + 句子

Eg.It is not that I don’t like the movie, but I don’t get it.我并不是不想说好英语，而是我不知该如何去说。

30．A is to B what C is to D Eg.Exercise is to the body what thinking is to the brain.31.….What is said above…..Eg.From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion.As we learn from what is said above…….32.what + be + called Eg.He is very interested in what are called popular songs.We should improve what is called the quality of living.他就是你所谓的“活字典”

33.as for… = when it comes to…=talking about(英式)=speaking of（美式）

说起。。，谈到。。，至于。。

e.g.When it comes to traffic, I have to say living in Shanghai is like an nightmare.34.and the like = and stuff like that =and things like that e.g.I like suspense movies, action movies, romance and the like.35.tend to … = most of

e.g.Chinese people are tend to be reserved and indirect while most Americans are more straightforward.36.I think of / see … as …

e.g.I see myself as a brave and independent girl.37.are more likely to ….e.g.Children are more likely to copy the violence and bad language in movies.Your peers, are more likely to influence you on your immediate lifestyle, like how you dress and what you do for fun.38.there’s no sense in… = it doesn’t make any sense = it is pointless to …

。。没道理/无意义 政府实施这个举措是毫无意义的。

39.… is a luxury

。。是一种奢望

e.g.Travelling around the world before the age of 30 is a luxury to people like me.像住在上海北京这样的大城市里，想要拥有一个私家花园是一种奢望。

英语图表作文 第7篇

（一）这类作文时，注意以下几点：

第一，审题时，除了要把握好图表的表层信息外，还要分析图标的深层含义，如原因、根源、可能的发展趋势等。图表中所提供的说明文字往往是问题的切入点，一定要仔细分析。

第二，描述数据时要抓住重点，为中心服务，不必面面俱到，切忌毫无目的地罗

列图表中的数据。如果数据较多，抓住图表中的极端点（如最大或最小、最多或最少，最好或最差）和基本相同进行描述。

第三，主题句应明确，最好放在文章的开头，这样会使重点突出，主题明了。

图表范例一

Students Use of Computers

41210

***002Hours

例文：Students Use of Computers 提纲： 1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间： 1990年（2 hours）, 1995年(4 hours), 2002年(14 hours)，请

描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；

3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。参考范文(1)

Student Use of Computers

As is clearly shown in the chart, the number of hours students spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995.Especially, the number rose to about 14 hour per week in 2002.There are three factors leading to the change.To begin with, the price of computers is getting much lower than before so that many students can afford it.In addition, it is very convenient for us to study with the help of computers.For example, e-mails enable us to keep in touch with our teachers and friends.Last but not least, with fast development of the modern society, a computer has become a must for many people.To sum up, low price, convenience and wide use contribute to the increase in the use of computers.As for me, student use of computers is a double-edged sword.On the one hand, it is a good helper in searching for information, drawing pictures, etc.One the other hand, various computer games might distract students from their studies.In brief, computers can serve us well if they are used in the right way.参考范文（2）

Student Use of Computers

As is clearly shown in the chart, the average number of hours a student spent on computers increased from two to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995.Especially, the number reached approximately 14 hour per week in 2002.Why are there such great changes during these days?

There are three factors leading to this phenomenon.Firstly, because of the sharp decline in the price of computers, most college students can afford one.Secondly, the Internet provides access to various kinds of information students are interested in.Finally, playing computer games or surfing online is relaxing.To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.As for me, computers do bring convenience to students;however, it is no good fro students to spend too much time chatting online or playing computer games.In brief, in spite of the problems concerning the use of computers, we can’t deny that computers are of more merits than defects.Sample

1Financial Sources of College Students

From the table, we can see clearly that Chinese college students and their American peers rely on different financial sources for their life and study.About 90% of Chinese students get money from their parents.In contrast, only 45% of American students resort to this way.About 40% of American students depend on part-time jobs for income, but only 5% of Chinese students do so.Scholarship is the financial source for 15% of American students, whereas only for 5% of Chinese students.There are several reasons leading to this difference.On the one hand, independence is greatly honored in American society, and students would be proud to depend on themselves.Besides, they have a more flexible schedule so they can have more time to do part-time jobs.On the other hand, some Chinese students take their parents’ financial support for granted.Similarly, parents believe it’s their duty to finance their children’s education

I think with the reform in college education, this tendency in China may be changed.The widespread adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pursue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents.Also, with the passage of time, both the students’ and the parents’ ideas will change greatly.Thus, more and more Chinese college students are sure to rely on themselves rather

than on their parents for finance.Sample

2Financial Sources of College Students

According to the table, the number of Chinese students who get money from their parents doubles that of American ones, 45% and 90% respectively.But the percentage of American students who depend on part-time jobs is much larger than that of Chinese ones.It can also be seen clearly that scholarship is the financial source for 15% of American students, while only for 5% of Chinese students.Several factors can account for the above difference.For one thing, independence is highly honored in American society and students take great pride in self-reliance.For another, American students have a more flexible schedule so they can have more time to do part-time jobs.Another contributing factor is that both Chinese students and their parents take parents’ financial support for granted.The tendency for Chinese college students to rely on their parents for finance may be changed.The widespread adoption of credit-system will give Chinese students more time and flexibility to pursue part-time jobs and get more independence from their parents.What’s more, great changes may take place not only in the students’ ideas but also in their parents’, which, in turn, will lead Chinese students to regard it as a pride to be self-reliant.如何用英语描述图表

一、图表类型基本单词

图表类型：table(表格)、chart(图表)、diagram(图标)、graph(多指曲线图)、column chart(柱状图)、pie graph(饼图)、tree diagram(树形图)、饼图：pie chart、直方图或柱形图：bar chart/histogram、趋势曲线图：line

chart/curve diagram、表格图：table、流程图或过程图：flow chart/sequence diagram、程序图：processing/procedures diagram

二、图表描述基本词语

1、描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent2、内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion

三、常用的描述句型

The table/chart diagram/graph shows(that)

According to the table/chart diagram/graph

As(is)shown in the table/chart diagram/graph

As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/statistics shows(that)……

It can be seen from the figures/statistics

We can see from the figures/statistics

It is clear from the figures/statistics

It is apparent from the figures/statistics

table/chart/diagram/graph figures(that)……

table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates

四、图表中的数据(Data)具体表达法

1、表示数据变化的单词或者词组

rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slight/slightly 稍微的、略微地

stable/stably 稳定的2、其它在描述中的常用到的词

significant changes 图中一些较大变化

noticeable trend 明显趋势

during the same period 在同一时期

in terms of/in respect of/regarding 在……方面

in contrast 相反，大不相同

government policy 政府政策

market forces 市场力量

五、图表描述套句

1.the table shows the changes in the number of……over the period

from……to……

该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。

2.the bar chart illustrates that……

该柱状图展示了……

3.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……

这些数据资料令我们得出结论……

4.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。

bec图表作文题 第8篇

一、语法隐喻理论与人际隐喻

(一)语法隐喻理论。 语法隐喻概念由韩礼德首次提出,他专门用一章,超越小句:表达的隐喻模式,论述了语法隐喻概念。 韩礼德认为语法隐喻是与传统的词汇隐喻互补的一种隐喻模式,通过与词汇隐喻的类比,将语法隐喻界定为意义实现形式的隐喻变体。 也就是,从意义和语法实现形式的体现关系上界定了语法隐喻, 语法隐喻是同一意义的不同语法实现形式,即“隐喻式”。 “隐喻式”与“一致式”,组成一个不能截然分开的连续体,它们分别位于实现形式的两极。 依照语言的元功能:概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能,语法隐喻可以分为三类:概念隐喻、人际隐喻和语篇隐喻。

(二)人际隐喻。 人际隐喻是表达人际意义的重要手段,主要包括情态隐喻和语气隐喻。 语言能够表达人际意义的手段有很多,其中重要的组成部分就是语气和情态。 Thompson指出语气就是“主语和限定成分共同构成的小句成分”,是语义交换功能的核心,能够实现不同的言语功能:陈述、疑问、感叹和命令。 依照言语功能的不同,可分为:陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句, 这些句式的不同之处在于实现形式上主要表现为主语和限定成分顺序的不同。 陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句与它们所表达的言语功能之间并不是一一对应的关系,有时会出现违反默认的言语功能,错位表达的现象,这就为语气隐喻提供了可能。 情态就是讲话人对自己讲的命题的成功性或有效性所作出的判断,或在命令中要求对方承担的义务,或在提议中要表达的个人意愿, 这些语义资源由语法的情态系统实现。 依照交换的物品类型不同,情态可分为两类:情态化(modalization) 和意态化 (modulation)。 如果交换 的物品是 信息,情态可以从可能性(probability)和经常性(usuality)的角度考查信息的可靠性;如果交换的物品是货物或服务,情态就是说话人对交换的最终成功性的自信度。 在命令中,这涉及说话人执行命令的义务程度,而在提供中,它关系说话人完成提供的意愿(willingness)或倾向(inclination)的程度。为了更好地区分二者,前者被称为“情态化”,后者被称为“意态化”。根据情态的取向性,情态可分为:显性主观(explicit subjective)、隐性主观(implicit subjective)、显性客观(explicit objective)和隐性客观(implicit objective)。 不难看出,显性主观和显性客观情态的实现形式不同于隐性主观和隐性客观情态的实现形式,前者以小句的形式实现,后者以词组的形式实现。 以词组的形式实现的就是情态的“一致式”,以小句的形式实现的就是情态的“隐喻式”,因而,情态隐喻就是情态在语义和词汇语法实现关系的重新组合(realignment),即体现为以其他的语法手段实现情态的表达, 包括显性主观和显性客观两类。 就转级向度而言,情态隐喻表现为情态的评价由词组级阶上升到小句级阶, 即简单小句中的副词词组或介词短语变为复合句中起投射作用的小句,简言之就是级阶的上升。 这是情态隐喻的重要特征,可以作为区分情态的“一致式”和“隐喻式”的重要标准。

二、情态类型出现频次与题材的关系

图表作文和议论文分别属于不同的写作体裁, 前者属于说明文,后者属于议论文。 图表作文作为说明文的一种类型,就是通过语言的形式客观真实地再现图表中的信息, 无需添加作者任何的评价或观点;而议论文就是作者陈述自己的观点,并且运用充分的论据挑战别人的观点,为自己的观点辩护,以求得读者的赞同和支持。 说明文最主要的目的就是描述和传递信息;而议论文最主要的写作目的就是说服读者,以赞同或支持的作者的观点或主张。 不同的体裁和写作目的或交际目的,决定了语言表达不同。 从功能语言学的角度来说,就是意义潜势决定语言实现形式,不同的意义潜势体现在词汇语法层就会有不同的实现形式。

图表作文为了达到客观真实地再现图表中信息的交际目的,缩小了人际意义协商的范围,几乎不使用情态隐喻,有时可能会少量使用隐形主观情态。 议论文为了达到说服读者的目的,则大量使用各类情态手段,尤其是隐形主观情态,以慢慢地与读者进行意义协商, 逐步让读者赞同或支持自己的观点。 另外,使用较多的就是显性主观隐喻,对于这类隐喻情态的使用,多出现在需要明确亮明作者观点的地方,多为文章的开头段或结尾段,这也符合议论文写作的基本结构和策略。 显性客观隐喻的使用较少, 主要出现以科学技术为主题的议论文中,隐匿了说话人,使这些被转述的命题或提议包裹上了客观的外衣,降低了人际意义的协商。

三、写作教学的启示