比较状语从句范文

比较状语从句范文（精选11篇）

比较状语从句 第1篇

1.1 语言的共性和个性

个性和共性是相对而言的, 人类语言的共性正是在千差万别的个性中彰显出来的。由于英、法、汉三大民族生活在同一世界中, 因此他们的语言之间一定存在着一些共性的东西。又由于这三个民族具体生活环境存在一定的差异, 因此, 英、法、汉语在具体的表达方式上也存在明显的不同。

1.2 时间状语从句

状语从句指句子用作状语时, 起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句一般由连词 (从属连词) 引导, 也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开, 位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。

2 时间状语从句的构成

2.1 英语时间状语从句的构成

英语的时间状语的表达主要有一下几种形式:

(1) 名词、副词、介词、或介词词组等

①名词用作状语时, 多置于句末, 如:

See you next week. 下星期再见

②副词最常用作状语, 位置比较灵活, 可置于句末、句首和句中。如:

I saw him there lately. 他近来在那里看见他了。

③介词或介词词组作状语, 如:

After taking my names and address, he asked me a lot of questions. 他把我的名字和住址记下后, 还问了我许多问题。

一个以上的时间状语并列使用时, 一般说来, 最小的时间单位在前, 后接较大的时间单位, 最大的时间单位应放在最后, 如:

They reached home at five o’clock in the evening. 他们于傍晚五时到家。

注:在复合句中, 当时态需要配合时, 时间状语也要发生相应的变化。如:

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(2) 用连词或连词词组引导的时间状语从句。

①表示两个动作的同时性一般用as, when, whenever, while, as long as等。如:

As the society develops, we lead a more and more comfortable life. 随着社会的发展, 我们过着越来越舒适的生活。

When spring came, he felt like a trip. 春天来到时, 他就想作一次旅行。

Whenever you come, you will be welcomed. 无论你何时来, 你都是受欢迎的。

②表示两个动作的先后时, 一般用as, after, before, once, since, till, until, as soon as, now that 等。如:

It will warm up a little bit in Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过, 星期日就会有点暖意了。

She’s no respecter of persons once she’s angry. 她一旦发怒, 就谁也不管了。

有些副词, 如directly和immediately, 亦可引导时间状语从句, 其意义相当于as soon as, 如:

I will come directly I have finished. 我一做完就来。

Immediately he arrived, he started telling us what to do. 他一到达就开始告诉我们应做什么。

③分词用作状语, 如:

Arriving at the station, we learned that the train had already gone. 到了火车站, 我们获悉火车已经开走了。

2.2 法语时间状语从句的构成

(1) 名词、副词、介词或介词词组加名词, 无人称句il y a加时间等。

Il partira demain pour la France. (他明天去法国。)

La conference commence à dix heures. (报告会10点钟开始。)

Son enfant a disparu il y a deux jours. (他的孩子两天前失踪了。)

注:在复合句中, 当时态需要配合时, 时间状语也要发生相应的变化。如:

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(2) 用连词或连词词组引导的时间状语从句。

①表示两个动作的同时性一般用quand, lorsque, comme, tandis que, alors que, tant que pendant que, an fur et à mesure que等。

Il m'a téléphone quand il est arrivé à Beijing. (他到达北京时给我打了一个电话。)

Il s'est mis à pleuvoir comme nous partions. (我们出发时天开始下雨了。)

Il a de l'argent tant qu'il travaille. (他只要工作就有钱。)

②表示两个动作的先后时, 一般用:dès que, à peine. . . que , quand , lors que ,

avant que, après que, jusqu'à ce que

Dès qu'il aura fini son travail, il partira en vacances. (他一完成他的工作就动身去度假。)

Vous pouvez rentrer chez vous après que vous aurez terminé ce travail.

③副动词作时间状语表示动作的同时性。

Son père regarde la télévision en mangeant. (他父亲一边吃饭一边看电视。)

Elle marche tout en chantant. (她边走边唱。)

Je lis un journal en me promenant. (我一边散步, 一边看报纸。)

④用分词表示时间状语。这类表达方式只用于书面语言:

Attendant 1'autobus, il a lu un journal. (在等共公汽车的时候, 他读了一份报纸。)

这个句子等于:Quand il a attendu 1'autobus, il...

Traversant la rue, j'ai rencontré Lina. (我穿过马路时, 遇见了李娜。)

这个句子等于:Quand je traversais la rue. j'ai...

(Etant) arrivé à Paris, il m'a écrit une lettre... (他到达巴黎后给我写了一封信。)

这个句子等于:Quand il était arrivé à Paris, il...

2.3 汉语时间状语从句的构成

一般来说, 汉语的作为状语性质的时间表达法主要有一下几种表达形式:

(1) 名词、副词等。

-等一会。

-下周见。

(2) 表示时间性质的短语结构, 如一就, 在之后 (前) , 当时, 时, 一旦, 边边, 随着等等

-他一到我就通知你。

-在狂风暴雨之后, 世界一片宁静。

-一旦这个消息泄露, 混乱在所难免。

总的来说, 汉语中没有固定形式的时间状语从句, 这跟汉语自身的特点是密不可分的。众所周知, 汉语是一门意合的语言, 汉语的时间表达习惯通常遵循从整体到局部、从先到后、从因到果、从重要到次重要这样的逻辑顺序排列, 这些表明汉语民族在思维习惯上更强调时序和整体。

3 结论

3.1 相同点

通过上面的叙述, 我们可以看到英、法、汉三门语言在时间状语从句的构成上存在这一定的相同点。譬如说, 都可以由名词、状语等充当时间状语, 也可以由介词加名词的方式构成短语充当时间状语。另外一个显著的相同点就是在复合句中, 当时态需要配合时, 时间状语也要发生相应的变化。

3.2 不同点

具体来说, 这些区别主要表现在以下三个方面:

(1) 在词汇短语层面上, 时间表达在汉、英、法语言中的语序、形态以及编码化程度上都有所不同, 这些差异反映着民族不同的心理习惯。汉语中的时间概念的表达习惯是从大到小, 而英、法语却是从小到大。

(2) 通过空间概念来表达时间概念时, 时间表达就带有一定的维度。英、法语的时间维度通常呈水平直线型。时间的有序排列更多的以前后来表达。而汉语除了借助水平的直线型, 还有垂直直线型表达, 如“上下”也可以用来表达时间。

(3) 语言中的时间概念可以通过两种方式表达, 一种是词汇短语, 另一种是语法系统。英、法语的时间表达除了借助词汇外, 还有一套更显性和清晰的语法体系。汉语的时间表达较这两种语言而言更借助词汇。

参考文献

[1]刘月华.实用现代汉语语法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1983.

[2]丘晓娟.比较法、英、汉直、间接引语的转换[J].双语学习, 2007, (6) .

比较状语从句 第2篇

――比较状语从句中than后面的代词用主格还是宾格

下列两句中，than分别用了I和me，两者都正确：

1. She is older than me. （口语中常用）

2. She is older than I (am). （较正式文体常用）

但是，在有些句子中，用主格用宾格，句子会截然不同。

1. John likes Henry more than I.

2. John likes Henry more than me.

我们知道，than用作连词，它的后面省略了一个比较（方式）状语从句。现在我们把

以上两句补充完整。

1. John likes Henry more than I like Henry.

2. John likes Henry more than he likes me.

看得出，第一句的.意思是：“约翰比我更喜欢亨利”。第二句的意思是：“约翰喜欢

亨利胜过喜欢我”。那么，在什么情况下，than后面的人称代词用主格？什么情况下用宾格？

一、如果主语谓语是不及物动词，than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，且意义无区别。

She draws better than I(me). 她画得比我好。

要注意如果人称代词后面有all时，人称代词一般用宾格。

She draws better than them all. 她画得比他们都好。

二、如果主语谓语是及物动词，且than后面的名词或代词又与动词连用时，than后面的名词或代词又与动词连用时，than后面的人称代词只能用主格。

He loves the dog more than his wife does. 他比她的妻子更爱这条狗。

三、如果主语谓语是连系动词be, than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，但意义无区别。

He is taller than I(me). 他比我长得高。

四，如果主语谓语是及物动词，特别是like, love, hate等及物动词， than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格均可，但句意不同。逻辑上，这些及物动词既能与人称代词构成“主谓关系”，又能构成“动宾关系”。因此，用主格时，后面省去了主句中的谓语和宾语；用宾格时省去了句子的主语和谓语。

I like the boy better than she.= I like the boy better than she likes the boy. 我比她更喜欢那个男孩。

I like the boy better than her. =I like the boy better than I like her.

状语从句的省略 第3篇

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件时，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略：①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。例如：

She stood at the gate as if （she was） waiting for someone.

她站在门口好像在等人。

The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though （she was） angry.

这位女教师匆匆忙忙离开教室，好像生气了。

The man， while （he is） over eighty， can walk faster than I.

这人虽年过八十，却比我走得快。

Don’t speak until （you are） spoken to.

有人对你说话时你才说。

Be careful while （you are） crossing the road.

过马路时要当心。

When （it is） heated， ice can turn into water.

冰经过加热能变成水。

If （it is） possible， he will help you out of the difficulty.

如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless （it is） inconvenient to you.

除非情况对你来说不方便，否则你必须出席这次会议。

另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：

I’m taller than he （is tall）.

我比他高。

The higher the temperature （is）， the greater the pressure （is）.

温度越高，压力越大。

He has no money. If （he has） any，he will give us.

他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。

Some flowers shut up at night as if （they did this in order） to sleep.

有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。

在使用条件、让步、时间、地点、方式、比较或原因等类型的状语从句时，如果其中谓语部分含有to be的任何一种形式，而主语又与主句的主语相一致或主语为it时，为避免重复，使语言生动、自然、简洁，常可以省略从句的主语和谓语的部分，特别是动词be。这就是状语从句的省略。状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下几种状语从句中。

[条件状语从句的省略]

即主要由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。例如：

She won’t go to his birthday party unless （she is ） invited.

The news is quite important to us， if （it is） true.

但如果if引导的是表示假设的虚拟条件句，虽具备条件，也不能用于这类省略。这时如果if从句的谓语动词中含有were，had，should，则可以用倒装省略，即将were，had或should提到句首，而将连词if省略。例如：

Were it not for you， I would also go there with them.

Had you come here earlier， you would have met him.

Should it be fine tomorrow， we would go for an outing.

另外，当once作“一旦，一经”解释，连接时间或条件状语从句，其主语与主句的主语相同或其主语为it+be时，常省略从句中的主语或it+be。例如：

Once （it was） published， his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.

Once （you） lose confidence， you can never expect to do your work well.

例1 Unless to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited B. inviting

C. being invited D. having invited

解析 A。“Unless to speak”是条件状语从句的省略，它们之间省略了you are， 原句可变为：Unless you are invited to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.

例2 If the same treatment again， he is sure to get well.

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A. giving B. give

C. given D. being given

解析 C 。“If the same treatment again”也是条件状语从句的省略，它们之间省略了he is，原句可变为：If he is the same treatment again， he is sure to get well.

例3 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise， if regularly， can improve our health.

A. being carried out B. carrying out

C. carried out D. to carry out

解析 C。句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health；if regularly是插入的条件从句， 从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise， 此时应用it代替前面提到的主语， 条件句的主语与主句的主语一致， 并且含有is， 故省略了it is， 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意：这项实验表明， 适当的运动， 如果有规律的进行， 能够有助于我们的身体健康。

[让步状语从句的省略]

即主要由though，although，however，whatever，even if，even though，no matter how/what引导的让步状语从句。例如：

Though （he had been） defeated many times， he didn't lose heart.

They worked very hard， though （he was） still rather weak.

与if引导的虚拟条件从句不能用这类省略一样，as引导的让步状语从句同样不能省略。不过如果让步状语从句由as引导时，从句中的表语（一般是形容词或名词）或状语必须提前到as前，构成倒装。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，则还须省略不定冠词。例如：

Poor as he was， he was honest.

Hard as he tried， he still failed.

Much as I like her， I won’t marry her.

Child as he is， he can express himself in good English.

例4 She stopped to help the boy .

A. although being in a hurry

B. although be in a hurry

C. although be hurry

D. although in a hurry

解析 D。although是从属连词，故只能接从句，A选项不是从句，而是非谓语doing结构，故不能选。D选项是although接的从句，也是省略句，省略了主谓，补充完整是：although （she was） in a hurry。

[时间状语从句的省略]

即主要由when， while， as， before， after， until/till等引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When （he was） still a boy of ten， he started working to support himself.

Don’t leave the machine till （you are） told to.

I’ll let you know as soon as （it is） arranged.

但要注意，before和after虽然也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，却不能用于这类省略主语和be的结构。例如：

The plan should be discussed once again before it is carried out.

上句不能改为：The plan should be discussed once again before carried out.但可以改为：The plan should be discussed once again before being carried out. 句中before不是连词而是介词，后面的being carried out是V-ing形式短语作介词的宾语，整个句子是简单句，而不是复合句。

例5 When ， the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing

C. being completed D. to be completed

解析 A。“When completed”是时间状语从句的省略，其之间省略了it is， 原句可变为：When it is completed， the museum will be open to the public next year.

例6 It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when at the meeting by my boss.

比较状语从句 第4篇

一、译成原因状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有说明主句原因的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示原因关系的词语, 如“因为”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。如:In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.

这句话主要分为三个层次, 一个是主句In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups, 译为“在欧洲, 就像其他地方一样, 多媒体集团越来越成功。”

还有一个是从句which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses译为“汇集了电视, 广播报纸, 杂志和出版社”。

另外一个还是定语从句“that work in relation to one another.”

首先看主句和第一个定语从句的关系, 我们可以得知“多媒体集团成功”的原因就是“它汇集了电视, 广播报纸, 杂志和出版社”, 两者之间是因果关系, 这里我们就把第一个定语从句译为主句的原因状语。而第二个定语从句显然是修饰前面列举的名词的, 因为定语从句短, 我们就把它放到所修饰名词前面, 译为“彼此相关的电视, 广播报纸, 杂志和出版社”。 (我们称这种方法为“前置法”, 因为该方法非常简单, 这里我们就不赘述了)

译文:在欧洲, 就像其他地方一样, 多媒体集团越来越成功, 因为它汇集了彼此相关的电视, 广播报纸, 杂志和出版社。

定语从句译为原因状语, 需要满足以下条件:

1. 定语从句所修饰的先行词出现在主语的位置上;

2. 与主句之间为因果关系成立。

二、译成结果状语从句

英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有说明主句结果的含义, 在翻译时可以加上汉语表示结果关系的词语, 如“因此”等词, 并转译成汉语相应的从句。

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.

本句可以分为两层, 第一层是主句“The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia”, 译为“新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同”;第二层就是定语从句“that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.”译为“有些学者甚至指责博尔斯和萨皮尔的资料是编造出来的”;根据上下文及两个层次的分译, 我们可以看出正是因为两种语言明显不同, 才导致有些学者“指责博尔斯和萨皮尔”, 也就是说, 定语从句在逻辑关系上就是主句的结果状语从句, 所以我们把关系代词译为“因此”。

译文:新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同, 因此有些学者甚至指责博尔斯和萨皮尔的资料是编造出来的。

定语从句以为结果状语从句时, 应符合以下条件:

1. 定语从句所修饰的先行词出现在宾语的位置上, 可以是动词宾语也可以是介词宾语;

2. 与主句之间为因果关系。

将定语从句译为原因状语和结果状语在定语从句的翻译中占很大比重, 只要各位同学掌握了其中的规律译为原因状语从句时定语从句所修饰的先行词多数出现在主语的位置中, 而译为结果状语从句时, 先行词则多出现于宾语中, 并加以练习, 就一定能娴熟地掌握定语从句的翻译从而解决难长句的翻译技巧。

参考文献

[1]张剑, 曾鸣.2010历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路.世界图书出版社, 2009.

[2]张培基.英汉翻译教程.上海外语教育出版社, 1994.

状语从句教案 第5篇

（1）可以同时用于名词性从句和状语从句的引导词：when , whatever , that , where(2)可以同时用于形容词性从句和状语从句的引导词：as , that , where , when 2.功能的角度

（1）状语从句具有副词的功能

（2）定语从句具有形容词的功能

（3）名词性从句具有名词的功能 3.从句所作成分的角度

（1）名词性从句充当：主语，宾语，表语，同位语

（2）形容词性从句充当：定语

（3）副词性从句充当：状语 4.句子结构的角度

(1)状语从句和名词性从句成分完整(2)定语从句成分不完整 5。语序角度

状语从句

倒装

特殊句式 6。连词角度

主从句的逻辑关系

两个句子的关系

并列句 知识链

1。状语从句

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

目的状语从句

条件状语从句

结果状语从句

让步状语从句

比较状语从句

方式状语从句 2。功能角度

在整个主从句中作状语 3。从句关系角度

主从句中的主谓不一致

4。主从句位置角度

可前可后 5。语境角度

主从句逻辑关系

选择连词

部分连词引起的倒装 6。时态的角度

时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句一般用现在时 模型链 状语从句

定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类（见下表）1．时间状语从句：

在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：

(1)表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when（当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, as soon as（一……就……）, once（一旦……）等。如： Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while含有对比的意思）我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。

As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。Once you see him, you will never forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。

(2)表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, when(=after)等。如：

After / When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。

He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。

It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be …before…是常用句型)He ran off before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）

我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意before在汉语中的译义)(3)表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。例如：

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。

（4）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从）, ever since（自从）, until（直到……才/为止）, till（直到……才/为止）等。如： It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was… since…是常用句型）

我们到这儿刚刚一星期。(主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用ever since)You have been reading to me ever since James went out.（ever 放在since之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长）自从James走后你一直在给我朗读。

The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(ever since可以放在句末，since则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。

My uncle went to Tibet in 1951.He has been living there ever since.我叔叔于1951年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。

Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上发生了意外。

I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.“till”不位于句首)他告诉我了我才知道。2． 地点状语从句

地点状语从句是由where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的： Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)哪有问题，你最好在哪做个记号。

He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。

3．原因状语从句

表示原因的状语从句可以由as（由于）, because(因为), since（既然）, now(that)（既然）, considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：

I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与 so连用)He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing(that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会。

Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。

As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。

4.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:that, so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）, in case（万一）等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等。如：

Let’s take the front seats(so)that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。

He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形，或省略should）

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

5.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致..), such…that(如此……以致……)等。

What has happened that you all look so excited? 发生了什么事，使你们都显得如此兴奋？

He didn’t plan his time well, so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.他没把时间计划好，结果没按时完成这项工作。

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。（such是形容词，后接名词）

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。（so是副词，后接形容词或副词）

Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much = Jenny is so clever a girl that….Jenny是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

但是，当名词前有many, much, few, little(少)修饰时，要用so,不能用such。例如：

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。

I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.我当时囊肿羞涩，连一份小小礼物都买不起。6． 条件状语从句

表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）, suppose（假设）, supposing（假设）（仅用在问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。

As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。

If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.如果你明早6点钟走，你最好现在就上床。

We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.只要你能保持整洁，我们可以让你使用这个房间。

As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个DNA专家。

He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。

Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？

7． 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导：

Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

She stood at the door as if(=as though)she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气）8． 比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导： It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。The result was not as/so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。The busier he is, the happier he feels.（常见句型）他越忙越开心。9． 让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although（尽管）, though（尽管）, however（无论怎样）, whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter(who, what, where, when, etc)（无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。如：

We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though)we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although不能与 but连用)Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

However(=No matter how)expensive it may be, I’ll take it.无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who)they are.不管他们是谁，别让他们进来。

No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。如：

Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(though 也有这种用法，可以替换as,但although没有这种用法)though还可以用作副词，放在句末。如：

状语从句考点精析 第6篇

[时间状语从句]

引导时间状语从句常用的连词有when，while，as，before，after，since，till/until，as soon as，once，the moment，whenever，by the time，hardly ... when，no sooner ... than等的用法。

1. when，while和as

（1）when引导时间状语从句的谓语既可以表示持续性动作或状态的动词，也可以表示短暂性动作的动词。从句的动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生。当when引导时间状语从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，可与while互换。

注意：①在when引导的时间状语从句中，如果主语与主句的主语相同，且动词又是be动词时，主语与be动词常常被省略。

②在when引导的时间状语从句中，若要表示有关将来的事情，通常用现在时代替将来时。

③when还可以用作并列连词，意为“正在这时（=at that/this time）；然后（=and then）”，此时通常与be about to do，be doing或be on the point of doing连用。

（2）while引导时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是表示持续性动作或状态的动词，强调主句动作和从句动作的同时发生。while还可作并列连词，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比。

（3）as强调主句和从句动作的相并发生，意为“一边……一边……”，也可以用来说明两种正在发展和变化的情况，此时常意为“随着”。

例1 （2015福建卷） the students came from different countries， they got along quite well in the summer camp.

A. While B. Unless

C. Since D. Until

解释 A。本题考查状语从句引导词用法。句意为：虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在夏令营相处得很融洽。while常见含意有“虽然；然而，而；在……期间，当……时；趁着”等，此处为“虽然”之意。

2. before和since

（1）before引导的时间状语从句，通常用现在时表示将来的动作，用现在完成时表示未来完成的动作。如果before引导的从句是过去时，主句可为过去时或过去完成时。before还可用于句型“It will be+段时间+before从句”表示“过多久才……”。

（2）在since引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去式，主句用现在完成时（主句表示时间时可用一般现在时代替现在完成时）。如：

It has been ten years since I came to know him.

It is ten years since I came to know him.

例2 （2015重庆卷）If you miss this chance， it may be years you get another one.

A. as B. before

C. since D. after

解释 B。before用于句型“It will/may be+段时间+before从句”表示“过多久才……”。

例3 （2013陕西卷）I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.

A. since B. until

C. before D. when

解释 A。在since引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去式，主句用现在完成时。

3. until和till

until和till意义相同，通常可换用，但在强调结构、倒装句或句首时，一般用until。在肯定句中，当主句谓语动词为延续性动词时，通常意思为“直到……为止”，表示主句动作一直延续到until/till从句表示的时间才终止；在否定句中，当主句谓语动词为短暂性动词时，通常意思为“直到……才（做……）”，表示主句动作到until/till从句表示的时间才开始。

4. 表示“一……就……”

如the moment/the instant/the minute，each time/every time， the first/the last/the next time等和某些时间副词如immediately/instantly/directly等，引导时间状语从句。

5. no sooner ... than和hardly ... when

no sooner ... than和hardly ... when意为“一…… 就……”。主句的谓语动词通常要用过去完成时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。注意其倒装结构。

例4 （2012全国卷Ⅱ）I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

nlc202309081939

A. when B. than

C. until D. after

解释 A。只要辨认出固定句型hardly ... when ... 问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。

[原因状语从句]

1. because， since和as

（1）because引导原因状语从句通常表示直接的原因，语气最强。在回答why问句时，只能用because而不能用since或as来回答。在强调句型中，如强调原因状语从句，要用because来引导从句。

（2）since引导原因状语从句通常表示已知的原因，意为“既然”，语气较because弱，且常置于句首。

（3）as引导愿因状语从句表示的原因较明显，且为双方所知，通常置于句首。

注意：并列连词for可引导表示原因的并列句，强调对前句内容进行补充说明。它通常不置于句首，并须用逗号与前句隔开。

例5 （2012重庆卷）—Coach， can I continue with the training？

—Sorry， you can’t， you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.

A. until B. because

C. to consider D. unless

解释 C。短语语境表示“抱歉，你不能继续训练因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复”。由此可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句，C选项符合题意。

2. now that（其中that可省略）引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。

例6 you’ve got a chance， you might as well make full use of it.

A. Now that B. After

C. Although D. As soon as

解释 A。由句意“既然现在你有个机会，你就应该充分利用它”可知，此处用now that引导原因状语从句，意思为“既然”。

[地点状语从句]

1. 地点状语从句由where，wherever引导。

2. 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别。

where引导的定语从句：从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；先行词在从句中必须充当状语。地点状语从句则没有表示地点的名词充当状语。如：

Go back to the village where you came from. （定语从句）

Go back where you came from. （状语从句）

例7 （2015安徽卷） he once felt like giving up， he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.

A. Where B. As

C. In case D. Now that

解释 A。此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他有了继续前行、深入的目的。

[让步状语从句]

引导让步状语从句的从属连词常用的有though， although，even if，even though，as（既然），whether ... or，no matter who/what/which/where/how等。

1. no matter who/what/which/where引导让步状语从句时，可与whoever/whatever/whichever/wherever互换，但whoever/whatever/whichever/wherever还可引导名词性从句，此时不可用no matter who/what/which/where替换。however/no matter how修饰形容词或副词时，该形容词或副词必须放在however/no matter how之后。

例8 （2013江苏卷）In the global economy， a new drug for cancer， it is discovered， will create many economic possibilities around the world.

A. whatever B. whoever

C. wherever D. whichever

解释 C。句意：在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，无论它是在哪儿被发现，都将在全球产生很多经济上的可能性。在状语从句“ it is discovered”中，不缺少任何主要成分，引导词只能在从句中作状语，而只有wherever是副词性的。

例9 （2013江苏卷）One can always manage to do more things， no matter full one’s schedule is in life.

A. how B. what

C. when D. where

解释 A。句意：不论一个人的日程有多么满，他总是能设法做更多的事情。no matter how=however。根据how+adj./adv.的原则，full是形容词，所以选A。

2. though，although和as

（1）as引导让步状语从句时，须用倒装语序，意为“尽管”。

（2）although和though均可作从属连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，常可互换，但although引导的从句一般放在句首。

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例10 （2012陕西卷）Hot the night air was， we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

A. although B. as

C. while D. however

解释 B。hot是做从句的表语，提前说明从句时倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形提到as之前。

3. even if和even though

even if和even though均可引导让步状语从句。意为“即使”。但even if引导的从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though则多以从句的内容为前提。

例11 （2014北京卷） the forest park is far away， a lot of tourists visit it every year.

A. As B. When

C. Even though D. In case

解释 C 。as意为“尽管”时需用倒装语序，when意为“当……时”，even though意为“即使”，In case意为“以防”。由题意可知，“尽管森林公园很远，每年仍然有很多游客”。

[条件状语从句]

引导条件状语从句常见的从属连词有if，unless， so/as long as（只要），on condition that （a），in case，suppose/supposing/providing等。

例12 （2015北京卷）You won’t find paper cutting difficult you keep practicing it.

A. even if B. as long as

C. as if D. ever since

解释 B。其中A项意思为“即使”；B项意思为“只要”；C项意思为“好像”；D项意思为“自从”。句意：只要你坚持练习，你会发现剪纸不难。

例13 （2015江苏卷）It is so cold that you can’t go outside fully covered in thick clothes.

A. if B. unless

C. once D. when

解释 B。句意：天气如此冷以至于除非全身穿着厚衣服你才能到外面去。A项意思为“如果”，B项意思为“除非”，C项意思为“一旦”，D项意思为“当……时”。

[目的和结果状语从句]

引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that，in order that，lest等。引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so，so that，so/such...that等。

注意：so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句，区别在于：引导目的状语从句时，常与情态动词连用；引导结果状语从句时，一般不与情态动词连用，且so that前常用逗号与主句隔开。试比较：

I got up early so that I might be in time for the early train. （目的状语从句）

I got up early， so that I was in time for the early train. （结果状语从句）

例14 （2014浙江卷）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family.

A. now that B. as if

C. only if D. so that

解释 D。句意为：当她的儿子出生时，凯西已经辞去了她的工作以便能呆在家里照顾家人。

状语从句语法小结(二) 第7篇

1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句3.原因状语从句

4.目的状语从句5.结果状语从句6.条件状语从句

7.方式状语从句8.让步状语从句9.比较状语从句

上一期我们讲解了前四种状语从句,本期我们继续讲解其余五种。

5.结果状语从句

(1)so that/so...that

We turned up the radio,so that everyone heard the news.

我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.

他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。

(so that引导的结果状语从句一般要用逗号和主句分开,从句中没有表示目的的情态动词may,can,might或could。)

(2)such...that

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.

他说出了这么重要的理由,得到了大家的谅解。

It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.

=It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.

这是一本十分有意思的书,大家都想看。

(such...that的such后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用such a/an...that。也可以转换用so...that,语气较强。)

6.条件状语从句

(1)if

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.

如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么了。

(2)unless

We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.

=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

除非下雨,我们明天就去那里。

(3)as/so long as

So/As long as you work hard,you will succeed.只要你努力工作,你就一定能成功。

(4)in case

In case I forget,please remind me about it.万一我忘了,请提醒我一下。

(5)so far as

So far as I know,the book will be published next month.据我所知,那本书下月出版。

(unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if...not同义,unless是书面语,if...not是口语,通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。)

7.方式状语从句

(1)as

Draw a cat as I taught you.按照我教你的画一只猫。

Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你的去做。

(2)as if/though

She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好像是生病了。

He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.他的行动就好像什么也没有发生。

They treat the black boy as if(though)he were an animal.

他们对待这黑人男孩就仿佛他是一头牲口。(他们像对待牲口一样对待这个黑人男孩。)

(此处as为“按照”或“正如”。as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气。)

8.让步状语从句

(1)though/although

Although(Though)he was over sixty,(yet)he began to learn French.

虽然他六十多岁了,但仍开始学习法语。

We were not tired though(although)we had worked all day.

虽然我们干了一天活,但并不累。

(在英语句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”,但可以与yet或still连用。though与although意义相同,用法基本一样。后者更为正式,多放主句的前面。)

(2)even if/though

I’ll go even if(though)it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨,我也要去。

(even if和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。)

(3)as

Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他是一个孩子,但他懂得很多。

Cold as it is,(=Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.

虽然天气冷,但孩子们仍在户外玩。

(as引导的状语从句多用于书面语,它比用though或although引导的从句语气更强,从句常放在句首,语序部分倒装。)

(4)no matter(who,what,when,where,which,how...)

Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。

No matter how busy he was,he studied English every day.

不管他多忙,他都每天坚持学习英语。

No matter who takes up the matter for me,I shall be very grateful.

不管谁为我处理这件事,我都将非常感激。

(no matter...与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样,no matter...引导的从句可以位于主句前或主句后。)

(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/whichever/however)

Whatever happens/may happen,we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么,我们都不要失去信心。

Whoever comes,he will be welcome.无论谁来,都会受到欢迎。

(wh-ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。不可将no matter与wh-ever连用。)

9.比较状语从句

(1)as...as

Mary is as old as my sister.玛丽和我姐姐一样大。

not so/as...as

He doesn’t run so(as)fast as Jack(does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。

the same as

His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。

such...as

Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.亨利这个工人不如彼得那样好。

(2)than

She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。

He bought fewer books than I(did).他买的书比我少。

(表示同程度的比较,肯定句用as...as,否定句可用not as...as或not so...as。表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。)

(3)the more...the more

The more you read,the better you understand.你看的书越多,你懂得的就越多。

The more tickets you sell,the more money you will get.你卖的票越多,你的收入也越多。

The sooner,the better.越快越好。

(the more...the more意思为“越……越……”,通常的语序为从句在前主句在后。这两个the用在形容词或副词的比较级前面,表示程度的递进。有时句子的主语和动词都可省略。)

练一练

1.______we were singing,the teacher came in.

A.Before B.After C.As D.Until

2.It has been five days______we came here.

A.when B.before C.as D.since

3.Put the medicine______you can easily get it.

A.so that B.where C.which D.there

4.You won’t succeed______harder.

A.unless you will work B.unless you work

C.unless you don’t work D.if you won’t work

5.She has______she remembers all the names of the students she has taught.

A.so good memory that B.such a good memory that

C.such good memory that D.good memory

6.______the pain was bad,______he did not complain.

A.Although;butB.Though;butC.Though;yetD.Even;still

透视高考状语从句考查热点 第8篇

状语从句是中学阶段的教学重点, 也是各类考试的考点, 而历年的高考更是把状语从句作为必考的知识点之一。下面就以近年的高考题为例来分析一下高考通常是从哪些方面来考查状语从句的。

一、高考状语从句考查热点

1.考查状语从句中连词的选择。

To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off ______ we are to shake hands with. (2011年重庆卷)

A. whichever B. whenever

C. whoever D. wherever

解析:根据句法, 介词with后缺少宾语, whichever表示一定范围内的人或物, 而whenever 与wherever只能作状语。句意是:不论跟谁握手, 我们常常必须将手套取下, 以示敬意。所以用whoever来引导让步状语从句。故答案选C。

2.考查主从句之间的时态呼应。

在时间和条件 (有时也可在方式、让步等) 从句中, 要保持主从句时态一致。如果从句表示一个将来的概念, 通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I ______ . (2011年辽宁卷)

A. was doing B. am doing

C. have done D. had been doing

解析:此句是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句, 主句用一般将来时, 从句表示一个将来的概念, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时, finish后接的宾语从句的时态应与as soon as从句的时态保持一致。句意为:我一完成眼下正在做的事, 就去图书馆。故答案选B。

3.考查状语从句与非谓语动词作状语之间的区别。

If you have a job, ______ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. (2010年四川卷)

A. do devote B. don't devote

C. devoting D. not devoting

解析:此句是含有“If”引导的条件状语从句的复合句, 其主句是一个由and引导的并列句, 在这个并列句中, 第一个分句又是一个祈使句, 借助助动词“do”来表示强调, 而不是非谓语动词。故答案选A。

4.考查状语从句的省略现象

(1) 在以when, while, before, as, until, once, whenever, if, unless, though, although, even if, even though, as though, as if, as, because, wherever

等连词引导的状语从句中, 如果主从句主语一致, 从句中的主语可以省略, 从句中的谓语动词用V-ing;如果be动词不表示原因, 也可省略。如果省略从句的主语, 从句中的动词与主句的主语之间构成动宾关系, 那么从句中的谓语动词用过去分词。此外从句中的谓语动词还可用介词短语或不定式等。

The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. (2010年浙江卷)

A. being carried out B. carrying out

C. carried out D. to carry out

解析:“if ______ regularly”是插入的条件状语从句。根据句法, 从句的主语是“proper amounts of exercise”, carry out与从句主语“proper amounts of exercise”之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词。故答案选C。

(2) 状语从句简化使用代词或副词的情况有:

if so意为“如果这样”;if any意为“如果有的话, 即使有”;if not意为“如果不这样”;if necessary意为“如果必要”;if possible意为“如果可能”等。

It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. ______ , we'd better take it to the garage immediately. (2011年江苏卷)

A. Otherwise B. If not.

C. But for that. D. If so

解析:题干前一句说“听上去汽车的发动机好像坏了”, 后一句说“我们最好立刻去修理厂”, 通过简单判断可知, 这两个句子之间是顺承的关系, 所以应该是“如果真的这样的话 (发动机坏了) ”。故答案选D。

二、状语从句易错易混点

1.掌握when与while用作特殊的从属连词与并列连词之间的差别

(1) when除了可引导时间状语从句, 还可引导条件状语从句, 相当于if;和原因状语从句, 相当于since或considering that。

How can you expect to learn anything ______ you never listen? (2006年山东卷)

A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when

解析:由从句句意可知, 空白处应表示“既然”之意, 四个选项中只有“when”可表达此意。故答案选D。

(2) when引导并列句, 表示“就在那个时候”, 相当于“and then”。表示“将要干什么事那时”, 常用句型“be about to do sth. when ... , be on the point of doing sth. when ... ”;表示“正在干什么事那时”, 常用句型“be doing sth. when ... ”;表示“刚做完某事, 突然就”, 常用句型“had just done sth ... when ... ”。

She had just finished her homework ______ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. (2009年福建卷)

A. when B. while C. after D. since

解析:本题考查固定句型“had just done sth. when ... ”表示“刚做完某事, 那时”, 其中when是并列连词而不是从属连词。故答案选A。

(3) while除了可引导时间状语从句, 还可引导让步状语从句, 相当于although, while常放在句首;while引导条件状语从句, 相当于as long as。

______all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. (2011年陕西卷)

A. Since B. While C. If D. As

解析:根据句意, 此句由“while”引导让步状语从句, while在本句中相当于“although”, 意为“尽管”, 故答案选B。

(4) while引导并列句, 表示前后句之间对比, 意为“然而”。

I wonder how much you charge for your services.

The first two are free ______ the third costs $30. (2009年安徽卷)

A. while B. until C. when D. before

解析:根据句意, 前后句是对比关系, 所以用并列连词while, 意为“然而”。故答案选A。

2.before和since引导时间状语从句之间的区别

before引导时间状语从句可构成句型“it will not be ... before ... ”与“it was not ... before ... ”表示“没过多久就”;而“it will be ... before ... ”和“it was ... before ... ”表示“过了多久就/才”;since意为“自从”, 可构成句型“It is / was +一段时间+since ... ”, since与终止性动词连用, 表示“自以来已有多长时间”;since与延续性动词连用, 表示“自从不做某事有多长时间了”。从句中常用过去时, 主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。

(1) John thinks it won't be long ______ he is ready for his new job. (2010年陕西卷)

A. when B. after C. before D. since

解析:此句是由“before”引导的时间状语从句, 构成“It (won't) be+时间段+状语从句”, 意为“没过多久就”。故答案选C。

(2) As it reported, it is 100 years ______ Qinghua University was founded. (2011年四川卷)

A. when B. before C. after D. since

解析:根据主从句中用的时态, 主句中的years是一段时间, 然而它修饰的谓语动词was founded却是一个终止性动词, 这显然用的是“It is / was +一段时间+since ... ”这一句型。since与终止性动词连用, 表示“自以来已有多长时间”;since 与延续性动词连用, 表示“自从不做某事有多长时间了”。本句中was founded是一个终止性动词, 从动作发生时算起;句意是“正如所报道的, 自从清华大学建校已有100年时间了”。故答案选D。

3.as, when与while引导时间状语从句之间的区别

as着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生, as从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词, 也可是短暂性动词。而when = at or during the time that, 既可以表示在某一点的时候, 又可以表示在某一段时间内, 主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while意为“当的时候”或“在期间/同时”, 从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词, 并且while强调主句所表示的动作持续于从句所指的整个时间内。

(1) Peter was so excited ______ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. (2009年重庆卷)

A. where B. that C. why D. when

解析:根据句意, 此句是由“when”引导的时间状语从句;而要摆脱思维定势, 不能误选B, 把此句当作结果状语从句, 因为主从句之间没有因果关系。故答案选D。

(2) As the visiting prime minister puts it, China's influence in the world will continue to strengthen ______ its economy grows.

A. when B. while C. as D. with

解析:根据句意, 此句是由“as”引导的时间状语从句, 表示主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。如用with, 应用“with复合结构”, 可将此句改为“with the days going on”。故答案选C。

4.if only 与only if之间的区别

(1) if only意为“但愿, 要是就好了”。表示现在不能实现的愿望, 从句用一般过去时;表示过去不能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成时;表示将来不能实现的愿望, 从句用一般过去时或过去将来时。

If only he ______ the doctor's advice, he would not suffer so much now.

A. followed B. would follow

C. had followed D. should follow

解析:根据语境, 此句表示过去不能实现的愿望, 所以从句用过去完成时。故答案选C。

(2) only if 意为“只要, 只有”, 引导真实条件句。置于句首时, 其后的主句要用部分倒装语序。

Only if ______ your work before nine ______ go out to play.

A. do you finish; can you

B. you finish; you can

C. you finish; can you

D. do you finish; you can

解析:only if 意为“只要, 只有, 除非决不”, 表示真实条件。置于句首时, 其后主句要用部分倒装语序。故答案选C。

5.because, for, as, since与now that表示原因之间的区别

because表示直接的原因, 用来回答why提出的问题或用于强调句型。as和since语气较弱, 强调显然的、已知的事实。as表示“由于”, as的位置可以放在主句前或者后。而since, now that 意为“既然”, 它们通常被置于主句之前, 表示双方都知道的原因。而for是并列连词, 也可表示原因, 只能置于主句之后, 对前句的内容起补充说明的作用。

(1) Did you return Fred's call?

I didn't need to ______ I'll see him tomorrow. (2008年北京卷)

A. though B. unless

C. when D. because

解析:根据句意, 前后句有因果关系, 所以用从属连词“because”, 意为“因为”, 表示直接的原因。故答案选D。

(2) He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2008年山东卷)

A. though B. for

C. but D. so

解析:根据句意, 前后句有因果关系, 所以用并列连词“for”, 意为“因为”。故答案选B。

6.If引导表示假设条件的虚拟语气

(1) Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (2011年北京卷)

A. studied B. would study

C. had studied D. was studying

解析:根据语境, 这是个错综的虚拟条件句。根据“then”可知, 从句表示与过去的事实相反, 而主句表示与现在的事实相反, 所以从句用过去完成时。故答案选C。

(2) This printer is of good quality. If it ______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009年天津卷)

A. would B. should C. could D. might

解析:根据句意, 表示与将来事实相反的假设, 从句形式were to do;动词过去时;should+动词原形。故答案选B。

7.“so ... that ... , such ... that ... ”引导结果状语从句, 常用下列句型:

(1) so+形容词/副词+that从句

(2) so + many/few +复数名词+ that从句

(3) so + much/little+不可数名词+ that从句 (句中little表示“少”, 而不是“小”的意思)

(4) such a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句

(5) such+形容词+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+that从句

The Great Wall is ______ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year . (2009年上海卷)

A. so a well-known B. a so well-known

C. such well-known D. such a well-known

解析:根据句法, 此句包含一个结果状语从句。“tourist attraction”表示“旅游胜地”, 是抽象名词具体化, 所以用“such + a/ an + adj.+单数名词”=“so + adj.+ a/ an +单数名词”。故答案选D。

8.状语从句中的特殊语序。

(1) as/though表示“尽管”, 引导让步状语从句时, 如果将通常语序应置于句未的表语、动词或副词前置至句首, 就要采用特殊的倒装结构。

Try ______ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open. (2011年全国新课标卷)

A. if B. when C. since D. as

解析:as表示“尽管”, 引导让步状语从句时, 将按通常语序应置于句未的表语、动词或副词前置至句首, 从而构成特殊倒装结构。句意是:尽管苏珊尝试了, 但还是没把门打开。故答案选D。

(2) whatever, whoever, however, whichever, whenever, wherever引导让步状语从句时, 相当于no matter what/ who/ how/ which/ when/ where, 在句中应采用陈述语序。

______ you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. (2010年上海卷)

A. However a serious problem

B. What a serious problem

C. However serious a problem

D. What serious a problem

解析:however作连接副词, 相当于no matter how, 后接形容词或副词, 意为“无论, 不管”, 来引导让步状语从句, 其序为“however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。故答案选C。

(3) “hardly/ scarcely ... when ... ; no sooner ... than ... ”表示“一就”, 引导时间状语从句, 并且第一个分句的谓语要用过去完成时。把hardly/ scarcely/no sooner放在句首, 第一个分句的主谓要部分倒装。

Did Linda see the traffic accident?

No, no sooner ______ than it happened. (2006年天津卷)

A. had she gone B. she had gone

C. has she gone D. she has gone

解析:“no sooner ... than ... ”引导时间状语从句, 并且“no sooner”置于句首, 第一个分句要部分倒装, 并要用过去完成时。故答案选A。

(4) 由“so ... that ... , such ... that ... ”引导结果状语从句, 把so, such所在的部分提到句首时, 应使用部分倒装句型。

So sudden ______ that the enemy had no time to escape. (2009年山东卷)

A. did the attack B. the attack did

C. was the attack D. the attack was

解析:“so ... that ... ”引导的结果状语从句中, 把so与其所修饰的词置于句首, 应采用部分倒装。so用来修饰形容词sudden, 在句中作表语。故答案选C。

(5) 有关“not ... until ... ”的倒装句, 则应把“not until”放在句首, 应采用部分倒装。

Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him. (2010年江西卷)

A.did he begin B.had he begun

C.he began D.he had begun

解析:此句是有关“not ... until ... ”的倒装句, “not until”位于句首, 应采用部分倒装。故答案选A。

(6) “not ... until ... ”的特殊强调句型结构是“It is (was) not until +时间状语或时间状语从句+that +句子的剩余部分”;由于此句型中“not”已经前置, that后面要用肯定的陈述结构, 切勿再用否定句。

It was ______ he came back from Africa that year ______ he met the girl he would like to marry. (2009年江西卷)

A. when; then B. not; until

C. not until; that D. only; when

解析:根据句意, 此句是个强调句, 强调的是由“not ... until ... ”引导的状语从句。关于“not ... until ... ”强调句型的结构是“It was not until +时间状语从句+that +句子的剩余部分”。故答案选C。

9.定语从句与状语从句之间的区别:

(1) when引导的定语从句与时间状语从句之间的区别:这要看句中有无表示时间的先行词, 如果有先行词则是定语从句, 没有先行词则是时间状语从句。在when引导的定语从句中, when是关系副词, 用来修饰表示时间的先行词, 并在从句中作时间状语。而在when引导的时间状语从句中, when起连接词作用, when不是用来修饰某一表示时间的名词。

①The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (2011年天津卷)

A. when B. that C. where D. which

解析:根据句法, 从句基本句意完整, 先行词“the day”表示时间, 所以用when来引导此定语从句。句意为:完全靠体力来谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。故答案选A。

②It was April 29, 2011 ______ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. (2011年福建卷)

A. that B. when C. since D. before

解析:根据句法, 句中“April 29, 2011”表示时间点, 所以用“It+is/ was+具体的时间点+when ... ”这一结构, 主句中的“it”指时间, 用“when”来引导时间状语从句。句意是:2011年4月29日威廉王子与凯蒂米德尔顿步入婚礼仪式的殿堂。故答案选B。

(2) where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句之间的区别:这要看句中有无表示地点的先行词, 如果有先行词则是定语从句, 没有先行词则是地点状语从句。在where引导的定语从句中, where是关系副词, 用来修饰表示地点的先行词, 并在从句中作地点状语。而在where引导的地点状语从句中, where起连接词作用, where不是用来修饰某一表示地点的名词。

①I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. (2011年陕西卷)

A. which B. where C. who D. that

解析:此句是个定语从句, 先行词“the top of the hill”在从句中作地点状语, 所以用关系副词“where”来引导此定语从句, 并在从句中作状语。故答案选B。

②You'd better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. (2008年山东卷)

A. even if B. which C. where D. so that

解析:根据句法, 从句基本句意完整, 句中没有先行词, 所以此句是由where引导的地点状语从句。句意为:你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够到的地方。故答案选C。

跟踪练习:请选出最佳答案。

1. What was the opening ceremony of the 26th World University Games like?

Wonderful. It's years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. since B. after C. before D. when

2. How long will you graduate from Tanggou Senior Middle School?

It will be less than one year ______ you graduate from this school.

A. when B. that C. before D. since

3.No sooner ______ home ______ I told him the exciting news.

A. had he got; than B. had he got; when

C. he had got; when D. he had got; than

4.The world is changing fast. I strongly believe that one will easily fall behind ______ he keeps on learning.

A. unless B. if C. when D. as

5. ______ , he makes little progress.

In that case, he should improve his method of study.

A. As he works hard B. Hard as he works

C. He works as hard D. As hard he works

6. Did your father come back early last night?

Yes. It was not yet eleven o'clock ______ he arrived home.

A. when B. that C. since D. Before

7.Human beings are different from animals ______ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. in which B. for that

C. in that D. for which

8.English words are not always spelt ______ they are pronounced.

A. in the way B. in which

C. the way D. that

9.Fortunately somebody who happened to be passing by called the fire department ______ the fire broke out.

A. hurriedly B. quickly

C. immediately D. shortly

10.Tom searched carefully in the room ______ he might discover exactly what he needed.

A. in that B. in order that

C. in case D. even though

11.______ it is hoped that college students should be equipped with the ability to take a good set of notes, this is not always the case.

A. When B. While C. As D. Unless

12. ______ , you must remain calm.

A. Whatever you may be frightened

B. However frightened you may be

C. Whatever frightened you may be

D. However you may be frightened

13. ______ most children nowadays are the only children, they tend to be more self-centered.

A. Now that B. Ever since

C. Only if D. Even though

14.What a table! I've never seen such a thing before. It is ______ it is long.

A. half not as widely as

B. wide not as hard as

C. as widely as not half

D. not half as wide as

15.During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up ______ old shabby houses were torn down.

A. where B. in what

C. in which D. which

16.You will really get into trouble ______ you can't explain the whole thing clearly to the police.

A. unless B. while

C. although D. when

17. ______ , but the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.

A. Wanting the job very much

B. Although wanting the job badly

C. He wanted the job badly

D. Though he wanted the job very much

18.You can't complain of being lonely ______ you don't make an effort to meet people and make friends with them.

A. while B. when

C. whenever D. though

19.Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned

20.He talks about china pavilion (中国馆) as though he ______ it himself this summer holidays.

A. had visited them B. were visiting

C. visited D. have visiting

参考答案与解析:

1.A 句中的years是一段时间, 然而它修饰的谓语动词enjoyed却是一个持续性动词, 这显然用的是“It is / was +一段时间+since ... ”这一句型。since与终止性动词连用, 表示“自以来已有多长时间”;since 与延续性动词连用, 表示“自从不做某事有多长时间了”。

2.C 这是由before 引导的时间状语从句, 用句型“It was/will be +一段时间+before ... ”, 表示“没过就”。

3.A “no sooner ... than”引导时间状语从句, 当“no sooner”位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装, 并且主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。

4.A 根据句意, 句中unless表示“除非”, 用来引导条件状语从句。句意是:我坚信一个人会很容易落后, 除非他不断地学习。

5.B as表示“尽管”, 引导让步状语从句时, 要采用特殊的倒装结构。

6.A 在“It+is/ was+具体的时间点+ when ... ”这一结构中, 主句中的 it 指时间, when 引导的是时间状语从句。此句不是强调句型。

7.C 根据句意, 此处表示原因, 用连词“in that”, 意为“因为”。

8.C the way 引导方式状语从句, 意为“的方式/ 样子”。

9.C 根据句意, 用immediately作连词, 引导时间状语从句。

10.B 汤姆仔细搜查房间的目的是为了发现他想要的。故用in order that来引导目的状语从句。

11.B 根据句意, 此句是由while引导的让步状语从句, 意为“尽管”。句意是:尽管人们希望大学生应该具备做一系列笔记的能力, 但情况往往并非如此。

12.B 根据句意, 修饰形容词frightened, 所以应用“however”, “however”又作连词引导这个让步状语从句, 它相当于“no matter how”。句意是:不管你们多么害怕, 你们必须保持冷静。

13.A 根据句意, 此句是由now that引导的原因状语从句, now that意为“既然, 由于”, 其中的that还可省略。句意是:由于当今大多数孩子是独生子, 所以他们更趋于自我中心。

14.D 此题是由“as ... as .. .”引导的比较状语从句, 表示一方是另一方的若干倍时, 用“倍数+ as +形容词或副词的原级+ as+比较对象”的结构, 本句中谓语动词是系动词“is”, 所以这个句型中应用形容词原级。

15.A 此句是由where引导的地点状语从句, 意为“在的地方”。它相当于由 where引导的定语从句, 即:“many modern tall buildings went up in the place where old shabby houses were turn down.”

16.D 根据句意, 此句由when引导条件状语从句, when相当于if, 意为“如果”。

17.C 此句是由“but”引导的并列句, 所以but前也应是一个简单句。

18.B 根据句意, when意为“既然”, 用来引导原因状语从句。句意是:既然你没有努力去见人和他们交朋友, 你就不能抱怨自己寂寞。

19.D 根据句法, warn与句子的主语之间构成动宾关系, 所以用过去分词。

20.A 在由“as though”引导的方式状语从句中, 表示与过去想象中的动作或情况相反, 从句用过去完成时。

状语从句重点、难点和热点解析 第9篇

【专题导航】

状语从句是指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句, 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、结果、方式、让步和比较状语从句。状语从句是每年高考的常考考点。在高考中状语从句的考查热点有:时间、条件、地点和让步状语从句等。高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在从属连词的选择、状语从句与其它从句的辨析以及时态的正确使用上。弄清从属连词的意思, 根据语境选用合适的连词, 注意主从句时态的呼应是解题的关键。试题设问呈交叉和综合特点, 选项设计常常从定语从句和名词性从句的角度进行干扰。解题时考生要保持清醒的头脑, 要正确把握两个分句的“逻辑关系链”。

重点一:时间状语从句

1. when, while和as引导的时间状语从句

三者都可引导时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可用延续性动词, 也可用非延续性动词。而while引导的时间状语谓语只能用延续性动词。as引导的时间状语从句强调主句和从句的动作都在发展变化, 强调动作同时发生, 不指先后, 常译为“随着”。when还可用作并列连词, 表示“这时”之意。while还可用来表示对比、对照。如:

(1) It happened to be raining when we got to Beijing.我们到达北京时, 天恰好正在下雨。

(2) Don't talk too much while you are eating.吃东西时, 别说太多的话。

(3) As the children were walking along the street, they sang happily.孩子们一边沿着街道走着, 一边愉快地唱着歌儿。

2.until和before引导的时间状语从句

两者都引导时间状语从句。before强调主句动词与从句之间的先后关系。before在引导时间状语从句时, 一般不用否定式谓语, 表示“之前;不到就;还来不及就;才”。用在“It will be+一段时间+before”结构中, 意为“多久之后才”。如:

until表示动作的阶段性, 主句是肯定式而且动词为非延续性动词时, 不能用until。notuntil表示“直到才”, 此时可用非延续性动词。如:

(1) He had left before I could have a word with him.我还来不及跟他说话, 他就离开了。

(2) It will be five years before we meet again.要五年后咱们才能再相见。

(3) He worked until it was midnight.他工作到半夜。

(4) He didn't join the army until he was 20years old.他直到20岁才参军。

3.since引导的时间状语从句

在since引导的从句里, 谓语动词是非持续性动词的过去式, 从该动作发生时算起;如果是持续动词的过去式, 就从该动作结束时算起。如:

(1) He has worked hard since he entered this school.自从进校以来, 他就一直发奋学习。 (entered是非持续性词, 就从entered动作发生时算起。)

(2) We haven't seen each other since I workedin this factory.从我不在这个工厂工作以来, 我就一直没有见过他。 (worked是持续性动词, 就从worked动作结束时算起。)

(3) It's two years since he joined the army.他参军已经两年了。 (joined是非持续性动词)

(4) It's two years since he smoked.他戒烟已经两年了。 (smoke是持续性动词)

4.表示“一就”的时间状语从句

as soon as, immediately, instantly, directly, the moment, the minute, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen等可引导时间状语从句, 表示“一就”。其中当no sooner和hardly/scarcely置于句首时, 主句的谓语动词用倒装句结构。no soonerthan和hardlywhen引导的时间状语从句中, 主句的谓语动词用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。如:

(1) The moment I got off the train, I saw my father.我一下火车, 就看到了我的父亲。

(2) Every time he comes here, he asks me for money.每次来, 他都向我要钱。

(3) I had hardly got home when the phone rang.

=Hardly had I got home when the phone rang.我一到家电话就响了。

【典例1】You must learn to consult your feel-ings and your reason______ you reach any decision. (2013年湖南卷)

A.although B.before

C.because D.unless

【解析】B。考查状语从句。before在此意为“在之前”, 引导一个时间状语从句。句意:在你做任何决定之前, 首先你必须要顾及感觉, 同时要梳理理由。

【典例2】How many years is it______ Professor Smith came to China?

A.when B.after

C.since D.before

【解析】C。考查状语从句。since引导一个时间状语从句。“It is+一段时间+since”是个常见的时间状语从句句型, 状语从句的谓语动词通常用一般过去时, 而主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时态。句意:Smith教授来到中国已有多少年了?

重点二:条件状语从句

常用if和unless引导条件状语从句, 其中unless引导条件状语从句时, 从句谓语动词只能用肯定式, 相当于ifnot。as/so long as (只要) , in case (如果) 等也可引导条件状语从句。如:

1.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.如果小船不细心掌控的话, 在水中很容易翻船。

2.I'll go there tomorrow unless it rains.=I'll go there tomorrow if it doesn't rain.除非下雨, 否则我明天去那里。

3.Take your umbrella with you, in case it should rain.请带上伞, 以防下雨。

4.I will lend my car to you as long as you return it on time.只要你按时归还, 我就把汽车借给你。

【典例1】She says that she'll have to close the shop______business improves. (2013年江西卷)

A.if B.unless

C.after D.when

【解析】B。考查状语从句。unless意为“如果不, 除非”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:她说如果生意没有起色的话, 她就会把商店关掉。

【典例2】______you drive as fast as this all the time, you'll wear out the brakes very soon.

A.Though B.Because

C.If D.Unless

【解析】C。考查状语从句。前面是一个条件状语从句, 故答案为C。句意:如果你一直像这样开快车的话, 你的刹车很快就会用坏。

重点三:地点状语从句

where引导的地点状语从句, 常译为“在地方”, 可放在句首或句末。如:

1. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者, 事竟成。

2.We should go where we are most needed.我们应该到最需要的地方去。

3.The factory is built where two rivers come together.工厂建于两条河交汇的地方。

4.He advised me to live where the air is fresher.他建议我住在空气比较新鲜的地方。

【典例1】I can't hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise______I am sitting. (2013年上海卷)

A.before B.until

C.unless D.where

【解析】D。考查状语从句。where在此引导一个地点状语从句, 意为“在地方”。句意:我听不清楚教授的讲话, 因为在我坐的地方实在是太吵了。

【典例2】Wind power is becoming more andmore popular.Wind turbines are often placed ______there is a lot wind.

A.when B.while

C.where D.if

【解析】C。考查状语从语。where引导一个地点状语从句。句意:风能越来越受到欢迎。风能机组通常安放在风很多的地方。

难点一:状语从句的省略

在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中, 常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词, 保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如:

1.Though tired of doing the job, he had to work hard.尽管厌烦这种工作, 他还是不得不努力工作。 (though后省去了he was)

2.When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences withoutnoticing the many similarities.当我们比较不同文化时, 我们经常注意文化的差异, 而没有注意文化的很多相同之处。 (when后省去了wewere)

3.While in Beijing, I often called on my beloved teacher.在北京期间, 我拜访了我敬爱的老师。 (while后省去了I was)

4.When a young boy, he led a hard life.还是小孩时, 他过着艰难的日子。 (when后省去了he was)

注意:

如果从句中是it is+形容词时, 也可以省略it is。如:

1. If necessary, you can turn to him for help.如果有必要, 你可以向他求助。 (If后省去了it is)

2.Unless important, you can pay little attention to it.如果不很重要, 你可以不予理睬。 (Unless后省去了it is)

【典例1】If______to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. (2013年江西卷)

A.asked B.to ask

C.asking D.having asked

【解析】A。考查状语从句的省略。主句是祈使句, 默认的主语为you, ask和主语you之间存在动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式。句意:如果有人要求你为别人照看行李, 马上通知警察。

【典例2】When______prices of thegoods, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods.

A.compared B.comparing

C.to compare D.being compared

【解析】B。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。逻辑主语one和动词compare间存在主谓关系, 故用现在分词作时间状语。受思维定势的影响易误选A项。弄清逻辑主语和动词之间的关系是解题的关键。句意:当一个人比较商品的价格时, 一定要考虑商品质量这个因素。

难点二:特殊结构的状语从句

主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句, 如no matter+疑问词, as引导的让步状语从句, the morethe more构成的比较状语从句等。如:

1.The more you listen to English, the better you will become at English.你听英语听得越多, 你的英语就越好。

2.No matter what happens, stay calm.不管发生了什么事, 要保持镇静。

3.However well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.不管你准备得多么充分, 爬山很大程度上仍然需要碰运气。

4.Young as he is, he has a good knowledge of the computer.虽然他年轻, 但他精通电脑。

【典例1】One can always manage to do morethings, no matter______ full one's schedule is in life. (2013年辽宁卷)

A.how B.what

C.when D.where

【解析】A。考查状语从句。空后面的full是形容词, 所以用how修饰。no matter how引导一个让步状语从句。句意:一个人不论他生活中的日程多么满, 他总是能够设法做更多的事情。

【典例2】______, he set aside a few hours a week for exercise.

A.As busy he is B.Is as he busy

C.Busy as he is D.He is as busy

【解析】C。考查状语从句。as引导的让步状语从句通常把表语提到句首。句意:尽管他很忙, 但他每周抽出几个小时进行锻炼。

难点三:状语从句的时态

主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句, 用一般现在时表将来, 一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如:

1.When the meeting is over, he will come to see you.当会议结束时, 他会来看你。

2.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go shopping in the downtown.如果明天天气好的话, 我们会到商业区购物。

3.No matter whether it rains or not tomorrow, I will see the concert.不管明天是否下雨, 我都会去看这场音乐会。

4.He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book.他说他写完这本书就会去日本度假。

【典例1】If we______now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it. (2013年新课标全国卷I)

A.hadn't acted B.haven't acted

C.don't act D.won't act

【解析】C。考查条件状语中的时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中, 需要用一般现在时表将来。句意:如果我们不从现在起行动起来, 我们将会有后悔的一天。

【典例2】Please remember to send a shortmessage to me when you______ at the university safely.

A.arrived B.will arrive

C.had arrived D.arrive

【解析】D。考查时态。when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时, 即我们常说的“主将从现”。句意:当你平安到达大学的时候, 请记得一定给我发短信。

难点四:状语从句与其它从句的区别

1. where引导的状语从句和where引导的定语从句、宾语从句等的区别。

(1) where引导状语从句时, 意思接近in/at the place where (可译为“在的地方”) , 表示谓语动作发生的地点或修饰整个句子;主句谓语动词通常为不及物动词, 或谓语动词已有宾语。

(2) where引导限制性定语从句时, 前面常有表示地点的名词作先行词。where用来修饰这个地点名词并对该名词进行限定。

(3) where引导宾语从句时, 主句谓语动词通常为及物动词, where引导的从句作动词的宾语。where也可作介词后面的宾语。

试比较:

(1) I work where I was born.我工作在我出生的地方。 (where引导状语从句)

(2) He asks me where I was born.他问我在什么地方出生的。 (where引导宾语从句)

(3) This is the town where I was born.这就是我出生的小镇。 (where引导定语从句)

2.“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句和“疑问词+ever”引导的名词性从句的区别。

“疑问词+ever”既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导状语从句, 而“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。如:

(1) However (=No matter how) hard the question is, he can answer it.不管问题多难, 他都能回答。 (状语从句, 两者可换用)

(2) Whoever does it makes no difference.不管是谁做都一样。 (whoever引导的是主语从句, 不可换用no matter who)

【典例1】If you happen to get lost in thewild, you'd better stay______ you are and wait for help. (2012年四川卷)

A.why B.where

C.who D.what

【解析】B。考查地点状语从句。句意:如果你在野外迷路了, 你最好待在原地, 等待别人的帮助。根据句子结构可知, 这是一个地点状语从句。此句也可以转化为定语从句:You'd better stay in the place you are and wait for help。故选B。

【典例2】Nancy enjoyed herself so much______she visited her friends in Sydney las year.

A.that B.which

C.when D.where

【解析】C。考查状语从句。易误选A。后面一句并不是结果状语, 而是一个时间状语。句意:去年她去悉尼看望她的朋友时, Nancy玩得很开心。

热点一:让步状语从句

1.although与though引导让步状语从句的区别。

两者均可表示“虽然”, 一般可互换, 且可与still, yet连用, 不能与but连用。另外, though还可用作副词, 置于句末, 意为“然而”。如:

(1) Although/Though it was raining hard, they still went out.尽管雨下得很大, 他们还是出去了。

(2) She said she would come;she didn't, though.她说她会来, 然而她没有。

2. while与as引导让步状语从句的区别。

while位于句首时, 意为“虽然, 尽管”, 相当于although。as引导让步状语从句时, 通常用倒装语序。另外, though引导让步状语从句也有这种用法, 但although不能这样用。如:

(1) Teacher as/though he is, he can't know everything.虽然是老师, 他也不可能什么都懂。

(2) While the problem is very difficult, I don't think it can't be solved.尽管问题很复杂, 但我并不认为解决不了。

3.even if, even though, whetheror等也可引导让步状语从句。如:

I won't mind ever if he doesn't come.即使他不来, 我也不介意。

【典例1】He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son______he wants to. (2013年四川卷)

A.even if B.as if

C.because D.before

【解析】A。考查状语从句。此处存在让步关系, 故选A。even if意为“即使”, 引导一个让步状语从句。句意:他很忙。他不能抽出足够多的时间来陪他的儿子即使他想那样做。

【典例2】______the city life attracts the young people, their parents prefer to live in the countryside.

A.When B.While

C.Because D.Unless

【解析】B。考查状语从句。while在此意为“虽然”, 作从属连词, 引导一个让步状语从句。句意:虽然城市生活对这些年轻人有吸引力, 但他们的父母却宁愿生活在乡下。while作从属连词, 还可以引导时间状语从句。如:

I'll take care of your children while you are away.你不在时我会照顾你的孩子。

while也可用作并列连词, 意为“而, 然而”之意, 表示“对比, 对照”。如:I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶, 而她喜欢喝咖啡。

热点二:原因状语从句

1.常用because, since, as, for, now that (既然) 等引导。这几个说明原因的连接词中because语气最强, 表示直接的因果关系, 回答why提出的问题。如:

(1) Why didn't she come to school?为什么她没来学校?

Because she was ill.因为她病了。

(2) Now that he has come, I will tell him the truth.既然他来了, 我就告诉他真相。

2.for引导原因状语从句时, for不能置于句首。它表示的是解释性、补充性的理由, 常指推测的根据。如:

The ground is wet, for it rained last night.地面是湿的, 因为昨晚下过雨。

【典例1】Mark needs to learn Chinese______his company is opening a branch in Beijing. (2013年山东卷)

A.unless B.until

C.although D.since

【解析】D。考查状语从句。since在此意为“由于, 因为”, 符合句意。since在此引导一个原因状语从句。句意:Mark需要学习汉语, 因为他所在的公司要在北京开分公司。

【典例2】______you are free, why notgo swimming with us?

Sounds good.

A.For B.Because

C.Now that D.If

【解析】C。考查状语从句。now that引导原因状语从句, 意为“既然, 因为”。通常放在句首。句意:既然你有空, 为什么不与我们一起去游泳呢?听起来不错。

热点三:目的及结果状语从句

1.so that, in order that引导目的状语从句;sothat, suchthat引导结果状语从句。如:

(1) He sat in the front of the classroom so that he might hear the professor more clearly.他坐到教室的前头, 以便把教授讲的话听得更清楚。

(2) She works hard at her lessons in order that she can get a good job in the future.她努力学习功课以便在将来找个好工作。

(3) He was in such a hurry that he forgot to take his flight ticket.他走得如此匆忙, 以至于忘了带机票。

2.in case, for fear that引导目的状语从句, 从句的谓语动词要用 (should) +动词原形。如:

You'd better take an umbrella in case it should rain.你最好带上伞以防下雨。

3. sothat与suchthat引导结果状语从句的区别。

如: (1) Jim is so clever a boy that we all like him.=Jim is such a clever boy that we all like him.Jim真聪明, 我们每个人都喜欢他

(2) It is such fine weather that we all want to have a picnic outside.天气真好, 我们都想出去野餐。

【典例1】The teacher spoke through a microphone______every student could hear him.

A.as long as B.in order that

C.in case D.even if

【解析】B。考查状语从句。从后面的情态动词could可以判断复合句后面部分是一个目的状语从句, 故选B项。in order that意为“以便, 为了”, 引导一个目的状语从句。句意:老师讲话的时候用麦克风, 是为了让每个学生都能听见。

【典例2】The two boys look______much alike______no one can tell them apart.

A.so;that B.so;and

C.as;that D.such;that

【解析】A。考查状语从句。that引导一个结果状语从句。句意:这两个男孩看起来如此相像以至于无人能把他们分辨开来。

【巩固与提高】

1.Peter was so excited______ he met Tom, his primary school classmate, on the first day on the college campus.

A.where B.that

C.why D.when

2.According to China's environmental laws, a power plant has to pass an environmental impact assessment______ construction starts.

A.before B.since

D.unless D.though

3.you pay by credit card, please pay in cash.

A.If B.Unless

C.When D.Though

4.______ Mark Zucherberg runs theworld's biggest social network, Facebook, he's a very private person.

A.In case B.As though

C.The moment D.Even though

5. Write the telephone number down______you forget.

A.the momentB.even though

C.in caseD.on condition that

6. If______to a high temperature, water will change into vapour.

A.heatingB.heated

C.being heatedD.having heated

7.______ is responsible for the accident will be punished.

A.No matter whoB.Anyone

C.WhoeverD.No matter whoever

8. I had a snack before I got into the car, just ______there was no time to eat during the trip.

A.in caseB.even though

C.as ifD.on condition that

9.What time did he come back yesterday?

It was not yet twelve o'clock______he arrived home.

A.since B.that

C.when D.before

10.Many people believe we are heading for environmental disaster, ______we thoroughly change the way we live.

A.althoughB.but

C.unlessD.before

11.Yaan is seeing improvements in life after the earthquake, ______life is still far from normal.

A.though B.because

C.unless D.lest

12.______the Internet is an anonymous (匿名的) electronic system, consumers want to feel as if the website owner knows about and cares about them as individuals.

A.As ifB.In case

C.Even ifD.As long as

13.Every bird likes its own nest.

Yes.A nest is to a bird______a house is to a man.

A.asB.that

C.whatD.which

14.______I know, the computer can never take the place of the human brain.

A.Even ifB.In case

C.As long asD.As far as

15.______he comes back, I'll go to pick him up at the airport.

A.BeforeB.Instantly

C.SinceD.While

16.Mary looks so excited and happy.

So will you if you______the first prize in the next English speech competition.

A.will winB.win

C.wonD.had won.

17.When______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn't seem big at all.

A.comparedB.comparing

C.to compareD.being compared

18.I was so tired that I fell asleep______ my head touched the pillow.

A.the immediately B.the moment

C.as soon soD.moment

19.I thought her nice and honest______I met her.

A.first timeB.for the first time

C.the first timeD.by the first time

20.______asks her for advice, she is always ready to help.

A.No matter who

B.Whomever

C.No matter whoever

D.Any one whoever

21.Fewer visitors invited by him came______I expected.

A.as ifB.so that

C.asD.than

22.It will not be long______we can have a trip to the moon.

A.afterB.that

C.untilD.before

23.______the days went on, the weather got worse.

A.WithB.When

C.WhileD.As

24.If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ______great it is.

A.whatB.how

C.whateverD.however

25.She is always listening to music______ doing her homework.

A.while B.as

C.as soon as D.as if

26.They caught the thief.Then they bound his legs______he couldn't escape.

A.as long asB.so that

C.in caseD.even if

27.He had to be called two or three times______he would come to his dinner.

A.until B.unless

C.beforeD.that

28.______bad weather stops me, I jog every day.

A.UnlessB.Since

C.LestD.If

29.Take a hat with you during the trip______the sun is very hot.

A.the moment B.as if

C.in case D.even if

30.There are various things on sale, so you can choose ______interests you.

A.whoever B.no matter who

C.whatever D.no matter what

【答案与解析】

1.D。本题考查状语从句。when引导一个时间状语从句。本题易错选that。要注意分清主从句的关系。后面应该是一个when引导的时间状语从句, 而非结果状语从句 (这样不合逻辑) 。句意:Peter在大学校园的第一天碰到他的小学同学Tom时, 他很兴奋。

2.A。考查状语从句。before在此引导一个时间状语从句。句意:根据中国的环境法规, 在电站开工前必须要通过环境影响评估。

3.B。考查状语从句。unless意为“除非, 如果不”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:如果不用信用卡付账, 就请付现金。

4.D。考查状语从句。even though是“尽管, 即使”之意, 引导一个让步状语从句。in case“万一, 唯恐”;as though“好像, 似乎”;the moment“一就”。句意:尽管Mark Zucherberg经营着世界上最大的社交网站:脸谱网, 但他本人却是一个十分内敛的人。

5.C。考查状语从句。in case意为“万一, 以免, 唯恐”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:把电话号码写下来以免忘了。

6.B。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略形式。heat和water之间存在动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式表条件状语。这实际上是状语从句的省略形式, 相当于:If it is heated to a high temperature句意:如果加热到很高的温度, 水就会变成水蒸汽。

7.C。考查名词性从句。whoever相当于anyone who, 引导一个主语从句。容易误选A项。注意no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。句意:不管是谁对这起事故负责, 都会受到处罚的。

8.A。考查状语从句。in case是“万一”之意, 引导一个条件状语从句。even though“即使”;as if“好像是, 似乎是”;on condition that“条件是”。句意:我在上车前吃了些小吃, 担心万一在旅行中没有时间吃饭。

9.C。考查状语从句。when引导一个时间状语从句。句意:他昨晚是什么时候回来的?他到家时还不到12点。

1 0. C。考查状语从句。unless引导一个条件状语从句。句意:很多人相信我们正在陷入环境灾难之中, 除非我们彻底改变我们的生活方式。

1 1. A。考查状语从句。though引导一个让步状语从句。句意:在地震之后, 雅安的生活有了很大的改善, 虽然生活远没有恢复正常。

1 2. C。考查状语从句。even if意为“即使”, 引导一个状语从句。句意:即使互联网是一个匿名的电子系统, 然而, 客户同样非常希望网站的所有者能够非常清楚地了解他们所关心的东西。

1 3. C。考查句式A is to B what C is to D, 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样。”在此句式中, what引导表语从句, 作从句谓语动词第二个is的表语。句意:鸟巢对鸟而言正如房子对人一样。

1 4. D。考查状语从句。根据句意判断选D, as far as引导状语从句时, 意为“就, 尽”, as far as I know意为“就我所知”。句意:就我所知, 电脑永远也代替不了人脑。

1 5. B。考查状语从句。instantly相当于as soon as, 在此用作连词, 引导一个时间状语从句。句意:他一回来, 我就去机场接他。

16.B。考查时态。if引导一个条件状语从句。条件状语从句要求用一般现在时表将来。句意:Mary看起来很兴奋和高兴。如果你在下次的英语演讲比赛中得了一等奖的话, 你也会这样的。

17.A。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。动词compare和逻辑主语the biggest ocean之间存在动宾关系, 故用过去分词作时间状语。句意:当与整个地球大小相比较的时候, 最大的海洋似乎显得一点也不大。

18.B。考查状语从句。the moment用作连词, 意为“一就”, 引导时间状语从句。句意:我是如此疲劳以至于我的头一挨枕头我就睡着了。

19.C。考查状语从句。the first time引导时间状语从句。句意:我第一次见到他, 我就觉得他好心, 诚实。

20.A。考查状语从句。no matter who引导让步状语从句, 相当于whoever。句意:无论是谁向她请教, 她总是乐意帮忙。

21.D。考查状语从句。根据fewer可以判断这是一个比较状语从句。句意:被他邀请的来宾来的比我预料的要少。

22.D。考查状语从句的固定句型。“It will not be/was not long before”, 意为“不久就”。句意:不久我们就可以去月球旅游了。

23.D。考查状语从句。as引导一个时间状语从句。as引导时间状语从句强调两个动作的发展变化。句意:随着时间的推移, 天气变得越来越差。

24.D。考查状语从句。however引导一个让步状语从句。句意:如果我们意志坚强, 我们就可能克服任何困难, 不管困难多大。

25.A。考查状语从句。状语从句采用了省略形式, 后面可补充为:while she is doing her homework。

26.B。考查状语从句。从后面的情态动词couldn't可以判断这是一个目的状语从句, 故选B项。so that意为“以便, 为了”, 引导一个目的状语从句。句意:他们抓住了那个小偷, 然后他们把他的双腿绑起来使他不能逃跑。

27.C。考查状语从句。before引导一个时间状语从句。

28.A。考查状语从句。unless意为“除非”, 引导一个让步状语从句。句意:除非天气太差, 我每天都坚持慢跑。

29.C。考查状语从句。in case意为“万一, 以防”, 引导一个条件状语从句。句意:在旅游过程中要带上帽子, 以防太阳光太强。

30.C。考查名词性从句。whatever引导宾语从句, 相当于anything that。A不符合该题语境。句意:有各种各样的物品出售, 所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。容易误选D。关键问题是要弄清楚choose是个及物动词, 后面接的是宾语从句, 而no matter what只能引导让步状语从句, 故D项错误。

定语从句的状语功能与译法 第10篇

定语从句是高中语法教学的重要组成部分,也是高职英语教学的重要组成部分, 这在历年来的成考英语中都有体现。定语从句的教学既是重点也是难点所在,但是职业院校学生英语基础差,语法知识薄弱,往往在定语从句的语法学习中很难把握, 笔者从定语从句的状语功能与译法入手,以期能加深职业院校学生对定语从句的理解。

所谓定语从句,就是用作定语的从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或者代词之后,这种名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词叫做关系代词或关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。从语法结构功能上来说,定语从句是修饰名词和代词的从句,是形容词性从句,但是在我们的实际应用过程中又可以发现,在某些方面它又起着副词性从句的作用, 这些从句在语法结构上虽然是定语从句的功能,但是在交际功能上却兼具着状语从句的功能,这类型的定语从句在意义上与主句有着一定的逻辑状语关系,意义翻译上可以翻译成原因、时间、条件、结果、目的、让步作用的状语从句,甚至有的语法书上把这些类型的定语从句叫做“状语化定语从句”。

二、功能与译法

( 一) 定语从句表达时间的功能与译法

1.Mary, who was waiting her boyfriend at the front door ofthe shopping mall, saw all the happenings of that accident.

Mary在商场门口等她的男朋友时 , 目击了那次事故的全过程。

2.My grandfather had the honour of shaking hands with MrDeng Xiaoping, who visited Shenzhen in 1992.

1992年邓小平视察深圳时,我爷爷荣幸地与他握了手。

像这种表达时间功能的定语从句, 其语义功能与when,while引导的时间状语从句不尽相同 , 我们在翻译的时候可以加上汉语表示时间顺序关系的词语。在上面的例句中:

who was waiting = when she was waiting

who visited = when he visited

( 二) 定语从句表达原因的功能与译法

1.I will pardon him who is honest.

我愿意宽恕他,因为他是诚实的。

2.We will put off the picnic until next week, when theweather may be better.

我们打算把野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能转好。

3.Tom, who broke the campus regulations many times atschool, is said to be expelled from school.

Tom违反校规多次,据说要被学校开除。

像这类表达原因功能的定语从句,从句与主句之间所表达的是原因上的逻辑关系, 在翻译时可用because, since, as等来改写,翻译时可以加上这些连词的中文意思。不论是限定性还是非限定性定语从句,都可译出原因。如上面所示例句:

who is honest = because he is honest

when the weather may be better. = because the weathermay be better

who broke the campus regulations many times at school =because he broke the campus regulations many times at school

( 三) 定语从句表达目的的功能与译法

1、Many people prefer to do some sports after work, suchas basketball and tennis, which they can relax themselves andenjoy with others.

许多人喜欢在下班后从事体育运动, 比如打篮球和网球,这样他们能得到放松并且和他人一起享受这些活动。

2.The white whales were given some small fishes by thetrainers who wanted these cute animals to perform better in theshow.

驯兽师们为了让这些白鲸在表演中表现的更加好,给了他们一些小鱼吃。

在定语从句表达目的意义功能的句子译法上,这些从句在语义上与so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句相近。在翻译这种类型的定语从句时可以加上表示目的关系的词语,比如为了、以便等。如以上例句中:

which they can relax themselves and enjoy with others =in order that they can relax themselves and enjoy with others.

who wanted these cute animals to perform better in theshow = so that these cute animals can perform better in theshow.

( 四) 定语从句表达程度或结果的功能与译法

1.Many areas along The Yangtze River in China were hitby an unprecedented flood in 1998, which caused severe lossesthere.

中国长江沿岸许多地区在1998年遭受了一场前所未有的干旱,结果给那些地区造成了巨大损失。

2.There are something original, independent about the advertisement that pleased all the audience.

这个广告富有创意别出心裁,所以观众都很喜欢。

像此类表达程度或结果功能的定语从句,在翻译时可以加上汉语表示结果关系的词语,比如结果、所以等。如以上例句中:

which caused severe losses there( 结果给那些地区造成了巨大损失)

that pleased all the audience.( 所以观众都很喜欢)

(五)定语从句表达条件从句的功能与译法

1.Those who are in favor please hold up your hands.

如果赞成,就请你举手。

2.A person who does not do his duty will not succeed inhis life.

要是当一个人不能尽其职责,他在生活中是不会取得成功的。

此类在功能上表达条件从句的定语从句虽然在句子结构上用来修饰主句的主语、宾语或者表语,但是在逻辑上却是用来说明主句中动作或状态发生的条件。这种表达条件从句的定语从句既可以表示真实条件也可以表示假设或推测,翻译的方法根据其所表达条件的不同而不同。如果是表达真实条件的,在翻译时可加上汉语的如果、只要等词语。如果表达的是一种假设或者推测,定语从句往往要用虚拟语气来表达,翻译时可加上汉语的假如、要是等词语。如上面所示例句:

Who = if you (表达是一种真实条件,翻译时加上‘如果’)

Who = if a person does not do his duty ( 表达的是一种假设,翻译时可加上‘要是’)

(六)定语从句表达让步从句的功能与译法

1、Andy insisted on buying another new car, which he hadno use for at present.

Andy坚持要再买一辆新车,尽管他目前并无此需要。

2.Robots, which have many advantages, cannot take theplace of human beings.

尽管机器人有很多优点,但他们不能代替人类。

诸如此类表达让步意义功能的定语从句, 在语义上与though, although引导的让步状语从句大致上相同 ,在翻译的时候可加上如虽然、尽管等表示让步关系的词语。如以上例句中:

which he had no use for at present = though he had nouse for at present

which have many advantages = though they have manyadvantages

(七)定语从句表达对照的功能与译法

1.Mary, who did a great job in the middle exam, did sobadly in the final exam.

Mary期中考试成绩良好,但是期末考试却考得很糟糕。

2.The Sky, which was bright in the morning, was dark andthreatening in the afternoon.

天空早上还是阳光明媚,然而到了下午却乌云密布了。

此类表达对照意义功能的定语从句,意义上具有转折的含义,在翻译的时候可以加上汉语表示转折的词语,如但是、然而等。如以上例句中:

did so badly in the final exam = ‘( 但是’期末考试却考得很糟糕)

was dark and threatening in the afternoon = (‘然而’到了下午却乌云密布了)

三、结语

综上所述,我们可以看出定语从句不单是可以用来修饰名词或者代词的形容词性从句,在不同的情况下定语从句有着不同的内涵, 在逻辑意义上可起着主句的原因、时间、条件、结果、目的、让步等作用。因此,对于这样一个有着丰富语言表达形式的状语化定语从句应当在教学中给以足够的重视。只有在教学过程中教师充分分析句子结构内部的含义,学生才能在学习过程中完整、正确地理解此类型定语从句所表达的意思,才能更好地掌握定语从句。

摘要：定语从句应用广、含义多,一直是英语语法教学的重要组成部分,在教学中既是重点也是难点所在,也往往是高职学生很难把握的一个语法知识点。本文分析描述了定语从句在不同语境下的的状语功能和译法,帮助学生学习和掌握状语化定语从句。

高考英语中状语从句的考查要点归纳 第11篇

关键词：高考英语,状语从句,考点

高考英语对状语从句的考查主要体现在对引导状语从句连词的选择、从句中的省略、主从句时态的呼应及状语从句的倒装用法这四点上。因此, 弄清这四点是解答与状语从句相关题的关键。以下是笔者根据多年的教学实践, 并结合《高中英语语法考点大全》 (刘荣新2011) 和《金考卷特快专递全国各省市高考试题汇编·英语》 (杜志建2010~2015) 中的真题, 对高考英语状语从句的考查要点进行的分析。

一、状语从句中连词的选择

由从属连词引导的从句在句中作状语被称作状语从句, 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。高考英语中对引导状语从句从属连词考查的频率较高, 而且重点放在了比较容易混淆的连词上, 以下针对近几年全国各省、市英语高考真题中单项填空题对状语从句从属连词的考查要点进行小结。

(一) 时间状语从句

1. when, as和while的用法

这三个词都可以引导时间状语从句, when表示时间点, 意思是“在……时刻”;as引导一个持续性动作, 强调主从句的动作同时进行, 表示主从句谓语动词动作同时或交替进行, 意思是“一边……一边”;while与延续性动词连用, 意思是“当……的时候”。如:

(1) It was the middle of the nightwhenmy father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. (2014 江西卷, 35)

(2) He smiled politelyasMary apologized for her drunken friends. (2012 山东卷, 27)

(3) JustasI got to the school gate, I realized I had left my book in the café. (2015 安徽卷, 24)

(4) Mary made coffeewhileher guests were finishing their meal. (2010 全国卷Ⅰ, 25)

但是, while还可以连接并列句, while表示对比或转折, 意思是“而;然而”如:

(5) There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discoverywhileanother man, also intelligent, fails. (2013 课标卷I, 32)

2. before的用法

(1) 表示“在……之前”, 如:

We need to get to the root of the problembeforewe can solve it. (2015 天津卷, 12)

(2) “It will be + 一段时间+before...”表示“还要多久才……”, 如:

If you miss this chance, it may be yearsbeforeyou get another one. (2015 重庆卷, 4)

(3) 表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;还没来得及……就……”, 如:

The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before I could ask for their names. (2015 陕西卷, 24)

3. till, until和not...until的用法

(1) 肯定句:谓语动词用延续性动词, 表示主句到此时才结束, 意思是“某动作持续到某一时间点”。如:

I’m not in a hurry, so don’t worry and I will wait until you are ready.

(2) 否定句:谓语动词用非延续性动词, 表示“某动作到某时间点才开始”。如:

Not untilhe went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. (2013 福建卷, 34)

4. since引导的时间状语从句

(1) I have heard a lot of good things about yousinceI came back from abroad. (2013 陕西卷, 18)

(2) 在句型“It is + 一段时间+ since从句”中, 句子的意思要取决于从句的动词是非延续性还是延续性动词。当since从句的谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 意思是“自从……以来有多久了”;当since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时, 意思是“自从从句的动作结束到现在有多长的时间”或“多久不做……了”。如:

①As is reported, it is 100 yearssinceQinghua University was founded. (2011 四川卷, 6)

②My friend Tony moved to Shanghai last year and it is a yearsincehe worked in our school.

5. 在表示“一……就……”的as soon as, the moment, immediately, hardly...when, no sooner...than等词引导的时间状语从句中, 从句中用一般现在时代替将来时态。

We’ll offer you a larger oneas soon asit becomes available. (2010 安徽卷, 33)

6.在each / every / any /next time及the first/second/last time引导的时间状语从句中, 从句中用一般现在时代替将来时态。如:

“Every timeyou eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me. (2014 浙江卷, 8)

(二) 条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless, as long as等, 在条件状语从句中常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。如:

1.Ifyou come to China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety. (2015 安徽卷, 22)

2. You won’t find paper cutting difficultas long asyou keep practicing it. (2015 北京卷, 28)

3. You will never gain successunlessyou are fully devoted to your work. (2014 湖南卷, 26)

4.Oncethe damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (2015 北京卷, 28)

5. I’ll be out for some time.In caseanything important happens, call me up immediately. (2014 四川卷, 8)

(三) 原因状语从句

连词有because, as, since, now that, in that。because语气最强, as引导原因状语从句, 一般放在句首, 语气要比because弱, 而since比as较正式, now that相当于since, in that相当于because。如:

1. I am so grateful to all those volunteersbecausethey helped my terrible day end happily. (2015安徽卷, 26)

2. Mark needs to learn Chinesesincehis company is opening a branch in Beijing. (2013 山东卷, 26)

(四) 地点状语从句

1.Wherehe once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. (2014 安徽, 34)

2. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxiwherethe bus had dropped her. (2014 重庆, 14)

(五) 目的状语从句

从句谓语常用could或can, may, might等情态动词。如:

The team are working hard to analyze the problemso that /in order thatthey can find the best solution. (2015 湖北卷, 25)

(六) 结果状语从句

连词由so...that或such...that引导, 当so或such置于句首时, 主句要用倒装语序。如:

1. There aresomuchthatwe often share them with our neighbors. (2014 新课标I改错题)

2.Sohard does Jack workthathe has made great progress recently.

(七) 让步状语从句

1. although /though和even though /even if引导的让步状语从句, although与though可互换, 可与yet (或still) 连用, 但不可与but连用。如:

(1) Althoughthe job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. (2015 湖南卷, 33)

(2) Thoughscientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don’t know. (2015 安徽卷, 23)

(3) Eventhough the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. (2014 北京卷, 29)

2.疑问词+ ever与no matter + 疑问词和whether...or...引导的让步状语从句, 如:

WheneverI have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. (2013 山东卷, 28)

3. as引导让步状语从句时用倒装语序。如:

Busyasthey are, they come to help us from time to time.

4. while通常位于句首, 相当于although, 意思是“虽然”。

Whilethe students came from different countries, they got quite well in the summer camp. (2015福建卷, 31)

(八) 方式状语从句

方式状语从句常用as, just as, as if, as though等引导, 如:

1.Just asa single world can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. (2015 浙江卷, 9)

2. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to meas ifI had done it? (2014 重庆卷, 14)

(九) 比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由下列词语引导:as ...as, not so /as ... as, more /less...than, the more + adj. /adv., the more + adj. /adv. 如:

1. It’s said that the power plant is nowtwice as large aswhat it was. (2013 安徽卷, 33)

2.The morefriends we have, the morewe can learn from each other. (2014 大纲卷改错题)

【解题对策】解答状语从句中连词的选择题的关键是分清状语从句的句意及逻辑关系, 弄清每个从属连词的语意和语用特征, 分析句子结构, 判断状语从句的类别, 根据语境和语意就可以选择正确的连词。

二、状语从句中的省略

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致, 或者状语从句主语是it且从句谓语动词中含有be时, 常常把从句的主语和谓语部分的be一起省略掉。

(一) 时间状语从句中的省略

如:1.While waitingfor the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2014 安徽卷, 32)

2. Children, when accompaniedby their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. (2014 湖南卷, 21)

(二) 条件状语从句中的省略

如:1. It is so cold that you can’t go outsideunless fully coveredin thick clothes. (2015 江苏卷, 26)

2.If acceptedfor the job, you’ll be informed soon. (2015 北京卷, 31)

(三) 方式状语从句中的省略

如:In class, students often get involved in class activities and play gamesas told.

(四) 让步状语从句中的省略

如:Although small, the company has about1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries. (2013 天津卷, 5)

【解题对策】不仅要认真分析句子结构, 了解句子和连词的意思, 准确把握句子间的逻辑关系, 同时还要弄清楚状语从句的省略的要求和用法, 这才是解题的关键。不过, 对于此类问题, 运用翻译的方法也有助于解决。

三、状语从句的时态呼应

(一) 在when, as soon as, the moment, if, unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句中, 遵循“主将从现”的原则, 常常要用一般现在时表示将来的意义

1. That’s why I help brighten people’s days.Ifyoudon’t, who’s to say that another person will? (2015 湖南卷, 35)

2.Asyou go through this book, youwill findthat each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience. (2015 湖南卷, 22)

(二) since引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般过去时, 主句用完成时态或现在完成进行时态

如:1. His first novelhas receivedgood reviews since it came out last month. (2011 陕西卷, 12)

2. I have to see the doctor becauseI have been coughinga lot lately. (2010 陕西卷, 21)

(三) no sooner...than..., hardly /scarcely…when引导的时间状语从句:从句中用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时态。

如:1.Ihardlyfinished my workwhenLi Lei asked me to help him with his work.

2. No soonerhad Mo Yanstepped on the stagethanthe audience broke into thunderous applause. (2014 陕西卷, 17)

(四) 在by the time引导的时间状语从句中:这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止, 主句常用完成时态。从句若用一般现在时, 主句则用将来完成时态;从句若用一般过去时, 主句则用过去完成时态。

如:By the timeJack returned home from England, his sonhad graduatedfrom college. (2011 辽宁卷, 34)

【解题对策】解答含有状语从句的时态题时, 要了解到一些引导状语从句从的属连词是要求主从句时态的相呼应的, 要牢记几组常用的固定时态的状语从句的句子, 就可以正确使用时态。

四、状语从句的倒装用法

(一) not...until, no sooner...than..., hardly /scarcely...when引导的时间状语从句:如果把这些词放在句首时, 主句部分则要用部分倒装语序

如:Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. (2013 福建卷, 34)

(二) if引导的非真实条件状语从句:如果省去if, 就可以把从句中的were, had, should放在句首, 就要用部分倒装

如:1.Had I knownthe schedule, it might have saved me much trouble. (2015 江苏卷, 28)

2.Were thereno modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. (2014 福建卷, 32)

(三) 在as引导的让步状语从句中要用倒装结构, 表语或状语提前, 当表语是可数名词单数形式时要省去a /an

如:Child asBetty is, she is interested in reading.

(四) 在so...that或such...that引导的结果状语从句中, 当so或such置于句首时, 主句则要用部分倒装语序

如:So interesting is the film Night at the Museum that it is worth seeing again.

(五) no matter how, however等引导的状语从句:把需要强调的形容词或副词提至句首, 但主谓并不倒装

如:No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict when the unexpected will happen. (2014 浙江卷, 9)

(六) only修饰的状语从句提至句首时, 则要用部分倒装

如:Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. (2015 天津卷, 3)

【解题对策】解题时, 要认真分析句子结构, 弄清句意, 熟知状语从句的倒装用法, 利用有关状语从句的倒装知识解答此类试题, 灵活运用这几类含有倒装句的状语从句。

因此, 要解答好高考英语对状语从句考查的题型, 就必须要掌握比较全面的状语从句相关知识, 了解引导状语从句的每个从属连词的意思, 明白了省略和倒装在状语从句中的用法, 注意到部分从属连词引导的状语从句要求主从句时态的呼应, 灵活地运用状语从句这一语法知识。总之, 连词是前提, 时态是保障, 省略和倒装是升华。

参考文献

刘荣新.2011.高中英语语法考点大全[M].天津:新蕾出版社:150-155.