考研英语书信写作高分句型

考研英语书信写作高分句型（精选8篇）

考研英语书信写作高分句型 第1篇

考研英语书信写作高分句型之辞职信

》考研英语书信写作中辞职信的写作方法和道歉信有着异曲同工之处。辞职信的目的也是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方谅解自己的离开。辞职信通常包括以下内容：表示歉意;表明离开的.理由。

写辞职信的语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实，不要显出丝毫的虚情假意。好的辞职信不仅会取得对方的理解，还会增进彼此的感情，为以后可能的合作打下坚实的基础。在写作过程中，一定要尽可能提供比较合理的理由。

辞职信开头常用句式：?

This is to inform you that I intend to resign from my current potion.

I am writing to inform you about my decision of resignation.

I feel very sorry for having to give up my position as...

I feel reluctant to give up my present job, but I...

I am sure it will come as no surprise that I wish to resign my position as...

辞职信结尾常用句式：?

I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Thank you for your caring and consideration in these several years’ working.

I would appreciate it if you would accept my resignation before...

Thank you very much for offering me the opportunity to work with the outstanding staff here.

My best wishes for the company’s continued growth.

/kaoyan/ 考研

考研英语书信写作高分句型 第2篇

1)I am much pleased to inform you that…….2)I wish to apply for the teaching position you are offering.3)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.4)In reply to your letter dated July 4,I want to say… 5)Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,2000.6)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.7)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.8)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.9)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.10)First of all,I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that… 12)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.13)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.…b.常用结束语

1)Looking forward to your early reply，2)Hoping to hear from you soon，3)I hope to hear from you very soon.4)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.5)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.6)I hope everything will be well with you.7)Please let us know if you want more information.8)I wish you very success in the coming year.9)Please remember me to your family.10)With best regards to your family.11)All the best.12)With love and good wishes.c.求职申请信常用句型

1.In reply to your advertisement in ~,I respectfully offer my services for the situation.2.With reference to your advertisement in ~ for a / an ~,I offer myself for the post.3.Please consider me an applicant for the position which you advertised in ~.4.Having noticed the enclosed advertisement in ~,I wish to apply for the position referred to.5.In answer to your advertisement in ~ for a ~,I wish to tender my services.6.Your advertisement for a ~ in ~ has interested me.I feel I can fill that position.7.Shall you need an experienced ~ for your ~ next summer？

8.I have been for over five years in the employment of a / an ~ company

9.I have been in the business for the last ~ years,and worked as the director of the…department.10.I’ve had ~ years’ experience with a company as a ~.11.For the last ~ years,I have been and still am a / an ~.12.I’m ~ years of age,female / male,and have had ~ years’ experience in a limited company’s ~ office

13.I should be very glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if desired.14.If you desire an interview,I shall be most happy to call in person,on any day and at any time you may appoint.15.Should you think favorably of my application,kindly grant me an interview.16.I trust that you’ll give this application your favorable consideration.17.Should you give me a trial,I’ll do my utmost to afford you every satisfaction.d.申诉信常用句型

高考英语得高分英语写作是关键 第3篇

1.学生能充分认识英语写作的重要性是写作能力提高的必要条件。英语写作能力的提高需要持之以恒的长期训练。如果学生对写作重要性认识不够, 他们就不能积极主动地去配合老师搞好写作训练, 甚至产生逆反心理, 产生对立情绪, 英语写作就会半途而废, 达不到预期目的。

2.写作能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事情。而英语写作能力的培养恰似春雨, 需做到“润物细无声”。因此在平时教学中, 我在一轮课本复习过程中, 每一单元都有针对性地利用所复习的单词、短语和句型编排一段短文让学生翻译, 把学生写的优秀句子以幻灯片的形式展示出来, 并附上作者姓名。这样可谓“一石三鸟”。既复习了所学知识, 训练了学生语言输出能力, 同时又让学生体验到了成功的快感, 从而激发了他们的学习兴趣。

我的另一个成功经验是利用每周两个英语早自习让学生背诵《三维设计》 (我们订的辅导资料) 上每单元前的《晨背佳作》。背诵既能培养学生的英语语感又能帮他们积累好词好句和布局谋篇的写作经验。正所谓“熟读短文200篇, 不会写作也会编”。

二、得法才能事半功倍

1.教师要有明确合理的教学计划和教学程序, 组织系统规范的有序训练。

2.帮助和要求学生养成积极主动地坚持英语写作的良好习惯。

3.坚持循序渐进的训练原则。写作要先易后难, 先短后长, 先学会运用简单句、并列句, 后学会用复合句表达, 由写正确句子逐步过渡到围绕一个人、一件事、一个观点去写有中心的文章, 由不限定时间到限定时间, 由限定时间长到限定时间短, 由限定字数少到多

4.因材施教。对学生的要求不能一刀切, 对学习好的要求要高, 对学习差的要求要适当低一些。要避免有些学生轻而易举唾手可得, 而有些学生却可望而不可即的情况发生。

5.注意讲评。要经常指出优点, 以利模仿;指出缺点, 警示避免。

6.鼓励优秀, 耐心帮助差生。充分利用板报、专栏进行优秀作文展览, 或者也可采用传阅方式进行。但不能放弃或歧视差生, 要经常帮助他们树立信心, 掌握写作方法和技巧。

7.基础知识和能力并重, 听说读写并举。教师在平时教学中应充分利用一切可以利用的机会启发引导学生提高自己的写作水平。如遇到优秀的句、段或篇提示学生注意欣赏作者的表达法, 把它们作为范例, 在自己写作中加以模仿和运用。要帮助学生养成正确运用标点符号的好习惯, 切忌一点到底的错误方法。

8.要求学生在写作中宁简勿误, 不能随随便便, 要养成严谨推敲的习惯。

三、训练写作方法多样化

1.用学过的词、短语或句式, 模仿课文中的表达法造句。

2.换课文中的人物、时态、语态或体裁等改写课文。

3.看图作文。

4.教师给出题目和提纲让学生写作。

5.材料作文。教师给出汉语提示让学生用英语表达。

6.写日记或周记。

四、因势利导, 纠正学生英语写作中容易出现的错误

学生最初写作时, 教师要给予必要的指导, 使他们少犯错误。在批阅作文时教师要随时标出学生错误之处, 还要随时记录学生所犯错误, 把学生的错误加以归类总结, 把普遍性的错误提出来, 让学生集体改错或互评, 使他们的语言表达尽可能地规范正确。

英语写作经典句型荟萃 第4篇

1. it作形式主语。

In fact, it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.

【句型分析】该句子中的第一个it是形式主语,that引导主语从句。当句子的主语由动词不定式、动名词或从句担任,且较长时,可将主语调至句末,而原来主语的位置用it替代。另外,当no good,no use, useless, a waste of等作表语时,用动名词作主语比较符合习惯。当谓语是seem, appear, be said, be reported, be hoped, be believed等时,应该用从句做主语。

【翻译练习】

(1) 课后经常锻炼身体对我们来说是非常重要的。

(2) 与他争吵是没有用的。

(3) 她撒谎似乎是为了获得这份工作。

2. it作形式宾语

His dream was that the Olympic Games would make it possible for countries and people to live peacefully side by side.

【句型分析】该句子中的it是形式宾语,possible是宾语补足语,for...by side才是真正的宾语。当动词不定式、动名词、从句作宾语,且后面跟有宾语补足语时,宾语必须要放在宾语补足语之后。当宾语补足语是no good, no use, useless, a waste of等时,宾语用动名词。

【翻译练习】

(4) 他们觉得在这么短的时间完成工作非常困难。

(5) 我认为又阅读而不理解是没有用的。

(6) 我认为我们队必胜。

Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.

【句型分析】 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含be动词时,从句的主语和be动词可以省略。如果从句的谓语是实义动词的主动形式,该动词则可以改为现在分词的主动形式。

【翻译练习】

(7) 小的时候,玛丽与奶奶住在一起。

(8) 在北京逗留期间,我拜望了好几位知名教授。

I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school.

【句型分析】 what I used to get在该句子中作由as引导的比较状语从句中的主语,其意思相当于the homework that I used to get。what可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等,其意思为“什么”或“……的”。如:

I don’t know what has happened. 我不知道发生了什么事情。

What he says is often not the same as what he does. 他经常表里不一(他所说的经常和他所做的不一样)。

what表示“……的”根据具体语境可以理解为“……的话”、“……的想法”、“……的事情”、“……的东西”等。

【翻译练习】

(9) 你需要的东西在教室里。

(10) 我看不清黑板上所写的东西。

We will not give up until we find convincing evidence.

【句型分析】 否定形式的动词与until/till连用表示“直到……(动作)才(开始)”,肯定形式的动词与until/till连用表示“直到……(动作结束)”。

【翻译练习】

(11) 你不会知道你可以做什么,直到你尝试了。

(12) 他们一直谈到凌晨四点。

After the Norman Conquest, upper class people spoke French while common people spoke English.

【句型分析】 当我们在书面表达中需要对两个句子所表达的内容加以对比时,要用到上句中的while。此处的while表示“而”,可以连接两个句子。

【翻译练习】

(13) 我喜欢音乐而他喜欢运动。

(14) 有些人浪费食品而有些人不够吃。

Not all ads play tricks on us though.

【句型分析】当all, both, each, always, every及其复合词等与否定词not, never连用时表示部分否定。

【翻译练习】

(15) 并非我们每个人都为考试做好了准备。

(16) 他并非总是第一个到校。

Not only is every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma felt by the viewer, but also...

【句型分析】 否定词never, not, hardly, seldom, little, neither, nor, not until, not only, no sooner放在句首时句子要部分倒装。

【翻译练习】

(17) 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。

(18) 如果汤姆不去,那么他的妹妹也不去。

He found several important ones. Inside the tombs, he found jewels, gold and the preserved bodies of dead kings.

【句型分析】 inside the tombs在第二个句子中作地点状语。一般来说,地点、时间状语等应该置于句子末尾。但如果为了强调或出于使上下句连接得更加紧密的目的,可以将其调到句首。

【翻译练习】

(19) 我看到一棵大树。一些年轻人正在树下读书。

(20) 他找到了那所房子。然后他走了进去。

However, police found that Justin did in fact return home on Friday night at about 11 p.m..

【句型分析】该句子原来的形式为:However, police found that Justin in fact returned home on Friday night at about 11 p.m.. 为了加强谓语动词的语气,在该句子谓语动词之前加了助动词did。一般现在时、一般过去时的肯定陈述句和肯定形式的祈使句均可以通过加助动词do, does, did的方法来加强谓语动词的语气。

【翻译练习】

(21) 她的确经常帮助同学学习英语。

(22) 上课时务必将老师的话记下来。

Follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better in no time at all!

【句型分析】 该句子原来的形式为:If you follow the suggestions above, you will look and feel much better in no time at all!当if引导肯定形式的条件句,主从句主语均为第二人称,且当主从句谓语动词都表示将要发生的动作时,可以更换为:祈使句+and+陈述句。如果其他条件不变,只是if引导否定形式的条件句时,可以更换为:祈使句+or/or else+陈述句。

【翻译练习】

(23) 这些单词如果你多读几遍,就可以把它们记住了。

(24) 不要迟到,否则会受到惩罚。

由于篇幅有限,教材中的经典句型难以一一列出。不过,本文可以作为积累句型的开始。在今后的学习中,同学们可以不断将其完善。

参考答案

1. It’s important for us to do/that we do some exercise after class regularly.

2. It’s useless/no use arguing with him.

3. It seems/appears that she told a lie in order to get this job.

4. They found it very difficult to finish the work in such a short time.

5. I think it useless/no use reading without understanding.

6. I think it certain that our team will win.

7. When (she was) young, Mary lived with her grandma.

8. While(I was) staying in Beijing, I visited several famous professors.

9. What you need is in the classroom.

10. I can’t see clearly what was written on the blackboard.

11. You never know what you can do until you try.

12. They talked on and on until four o’clock in the morning.

13. I like music while he likes sports.

14. Some people waste food while others have not enough to eat.

15. Not every one of us is ready for the exams.

16. He is not always the first to get to school.

17. Never before have we seen such a sight.

18. If Tom doesn’t go, neither/nor will his sister.

19. I saw a big tree. Under it, some young men were reading.

20. He found that house. Then, he went in.

21. She does often help her classmates with their English.

22. Do write down what the teacher says in class.

23. Read these words more times, and you will keep them in mind.

24. Don’t be late, or (else) you will be punished.

小笼包 Juicy Steamed Buns生煎锅贴 Pot Stickers

素锅贴 Vegetable Pot Stickers春卷 Spring Rolls

糖烤子鱼 Honey Glazed Phoenix Tail Fish红油抄手 Spicy Won Ton

麻辣豆鱼 Spicy Vegetarian Fish酸辣汤 Hot and Sour Soup

黄鱼羹 King Fish Chowder三鲜锅巴汤 Seafood Sizzling Rice Soup

火腿冬瓜汤 Winter Melon aand Ham Soup馄吞汤 Won Ton Soup

西湖牛肉羹 West Lake Chowder鸡丝鱼翅羹 Chicken Shark’s Fin Soup

蟹肉鱼翅羹 Crabmeat Shark’s Fin Soup什锦砂锅 Seafood & Meat Clay Pot

狮子头砂锅 Lion’s Head Clay Pot白菜豆腐砂锅 Cabbage Clay Pot

葱爆牛/羊肉 Scallion Beef or Lamb姜葱牛/羊肉 Ginger Beef or Lamb

蒙古牛/羊肉 Mongolian Beef or Lamb上海粗炒面 Shanghai Chow Mein

考研英语 写作高分句型 第5篇

众所周知，考研英语写作中，句子的表达是关键。而句子表达的灵魂是句型结构的变换。丰富的句型与多变的句式，会令你的作文脱颖而出，令阅卷老师眼前一亮，何愁没有高分呢?在这里总结出考研英语写作35个常用的亮点句型，请大家一定要掌握哦!(注：S―主语，V―谓语，O―宾语)

【句型1】...the+~est+n.+(that)+S+have ever+seen (known/heard/had/read, etc)

...the most+a.+n.+(that)+S+have ever+seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)

【例1】Mr. He is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.

【译文】何老师是我曾经遇到过的最仁慈的教师。

【例2】Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

【译文】海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

【句型2】Nothing is+~er than to+v.

Nothing is+more+a.+than to+v.

【例句】Nothing is more important than to receive education.

【译文】没有比接受教育更重要的事。

【句型3】...cannot emphasize the importance of ... too much. 再怎么强调的重要性也不为过

【例句】We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

【译文】我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

【句型4】There is no denying that+S+V 不可否认的

【例句】There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

【译文】不可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

【句型5】It is universally acknowledged that+句子. 全世界都知道

【例句】It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

【译文】全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

【句型6】There is no doubt that+句子. 毫无疑问的`

【例句】There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

【译文】毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

【句型7】An advantage of...is that+句子. 的优点是

【例句】An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution.

【译文】使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

【句型8】The reason why+句子 is that+句子. 的原因是

【例句】The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

【译文】我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

【句型9】So+a.+be+S+that+句子. 如此以致于

【例句】So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.

【译文】时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。

英语写作_书信类作文常用句型 第6篇

一、写作格式

1、称呼(1)机构

A、不认识负责人

Dear Sir or Madam，Dear Sir / Madam，To whom it may concern，B、认识负责人

Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor(Michael)Wang，(2)个人 A、关系不亲密

Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor Wang，B、关系亲密 Dear Michael，2、正文

3、落款(1)祝福语

Best wishes!/ The best regards!(2)签名

Yours sincerely，Li Ming

二、必用信息 常用的开头语有：

I have received your letter of July Ist.7月1 日来信已经收悉。I have the pleasure to tell you that „„.很高兴告诉你„„。

I am very much delighted to receive your letter.非常高兴收到你的来信。It is my honor to inform you that „„很荣幸告诉你„„。常用的结束套话有：

I am looking forward to hearing from you 盼早日回信。Wish best regards.祝好。

Thank you for your help 感谢你的帮助！

Wish my best wishes for your success.祝你成功。Wish you a happy holiday.祝假日愉快！

Hoping to hear from you soon.希望能尽快收到你的回信。

1、自我介绍(1)工作

I am a staff member from your company/corporation.(2)学生

I am a freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.2、写作目的

I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from my current post/position.3、尾段写法

A 表示感谢

(1)My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.(2)Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.(3)I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.B 期待回信

(1)I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.(2)I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.(3)Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.4、常用书信的客套语 一.问候

I haven’t heard from you for ages.How are you doing? I haven’t seen you for such a long time.How are you getting along with your work? 二.祝贺

I want to congratulate you with all my heart.I warmly congratulate you on what you’ve achieved.三.致谢

I am most grateful to you for your help.I want to thank you heartily for what you have done.四.询问

I wonder if you could tell me what to do.I’d be most grateful if I could have your full support.Please could you let me know something about it.五.邀请

Is there any chance of your coming to have dinner with us at our home? We are wondering if you could come to have dinner with us at our home.六.接受邀请

I’m delighted to accept your invitation.Thanks for your invitation.I’m certainly looking forward to joining you.七.拒绝邀请

I’m sincerely sorry that we can’t join your dinner party.I regret to say “no” to your invitation.Thank you for your invitation but unfortunately„ 八.抱歉

I do apologize for having kept you waiting.I’m awfully sorry for giving you so much trouble.九.同情

I’m more than sorry to hear of your illness.I can’t tell you how sad I felt when I heard of„ 十.安慰

It was a great shock to hear„

考研英语写作高分句型 起始段 第7篇

定义法：

Generation gap refers to the lack of understanding between generations caused by their different attitudes and experiences. It is a common phenomenon that exists everywhere and has a great influence on the relationship between generations.

Competition, as a great force to call on people to develop constantly, has already been critical in the modern society.

Honesty refers to the quality of a person who tells the truth and works without cheating. Honesty is regarded as the most important virtue admired everywhere.

Blog is a new fashion among citizens. It sprung up when more and more people are possessing personal computers. It is a new kind of life style, learning style and work style.

问题法：

Do you believe that everyone is born to a certain fate that he cannot change? Or do you think, as I do, that each person makes his own fate?

With the development of China’s opening-up and reform, many parents intend to have their children get a foreign education. What do you think of sending teenagers to study abroad?

With the advance and development of the society, the requirement on individuals becomes more and more demanding. Then how to get well-prepared for challenges in this competitive world becomes a hot issue for many people.

Nowadays tuition and fees for college are much higher than ever before. How to finance one’s college education has become a matter of great concern for many people, particularly the young students and their family.

对比法：

As regards the farmer migration into the cities, there has been a heated discussion among the general public in our society. The majority of people argue that this mass migration is beneficial to the development of both the countryside and the cities. Other people, however, hold that there are more disadvantages arising from this migration movement.

When it comes to the issue of whether college students should set up their company, some people think that it is a good way to apply the book knowledge to the practice. Others argue that students, whose main task is to study, should not ruin their time and energy like that, thus should be prohibited.

There is a heated discussion today about whether the parents should send their children studying abroad. Those who oppose this phenomenon argue that it brings a great burden and pressure to the family, and for students they cannot adapt to the new culture very quickly. But people who are in favor of such behavior maintain that children will be more competitive and well repaid in the future life.

引用法：

A popular saying goes like this, “everything has two sides”. It is the same with the private cars. The advantages of owning a private car go along with its disadvantages.

A proverb says, “Time is money”, but I think time is more precious than money, for we can earn more money when we’ve spent some, but lost time can never be found again.

The elders always remind us that slow and careful work yields perfect results.

As the old Chinese saying goes, only through reading thousands of books can one write fluently.

事实陈述法：

The earth is now burdened with overcrowded population while much of its natural resources are exhausted aimlessly.

With the rapid development of industry, the environment is being destroyed without any mercy from man. Trees are cut down, rare animals get killed, rivers drain dry, and mountains become bare. With the damage comes the punishment of the nature, such as flood, sandstorm, drought, plague, unknown virus, etc.

The past few years have witnessed a frantically increasing interest in buying lottery tickets, especially for the young people. Some people even go so far to quit their work and make it their career, which means great risks.

With the economic development of our country, more and more university students are engaged in the activities of doing part-time jobs. As a college student, I always wonder whether it is good or bad for us to do so.

观点阐述法：

It is generally believed that the heavy summer flooding resulted from the extensive deforestation. Experts argue that China must introduce a massive planting program to cope with this disaster. But I doubt whether this program alone will solve the problem.

It is widely acknowledged that too much indulgence is prone to spoil the child and brings them no good.

Currently/Recently/Nowadays/At the present/At the present stage/ there is a widespread/widely-held concern/opinion/ belief/ view that …

Now people in growing number are coming to realize that…

Recently the issue of … has been brought to public attention.

One great man once mentioned that … Now more and more people share the belief.

There is no denying / doubt that …

Recently attention/stress has been placed/ laid upon …

When asked about the question/matter/problem of… some/many/few/most people …

Now it is generally/commonly / widely held / thought that…, but I wonder / doubt that…

There is a heated discussion / debate/ controversy now about the issue of …

The topic / issue / attitude of … is quite popular among …

图画描述法：

As is shown/described in the pictures above, we can see clearly that a flower, with the protection from the heavy rain, grows very well in a green house. But once removed the protection and exposed to the bitter weather, it withers and fades.

In the picture, we can see clearly that all of the men are working together to build a house. Without their combined effort, the house would be unlikely to be completed. This is a kind of teamwork spirit that is highly valued in today’s society.

The primary purpose of this picture lies in the criticism of the moral degradation.

It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young.

The cartoon features a man who looks fat, wealthy and edacious.

What the drawing is trying to express is very conspicuous.

A first glance at this cartoon tells us that a matchmaker is attempting to create a sense of crush between a man and a woman.

The picture describes an increasingly common scenario in today’s world.

Almost everybody who lives in the urban areas of China is familiar with the phenomenon shown in this picture.

This is a very thought-provoking picture. / The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. / This is quite an extraordinary and meaningful picture.

It is a very alarming cartoon, in which hundreds of new-born babies are crying for food but there are only two bowls of porridge available.

The title of the picture further points out that to read books means to enlighten and development our thoughts with the help of other’s thinking.

This picture describes the scene of…

The cartoon reveals an astonishing scenario that…

The cartoon features the sharp contrast between…

The picture presents an interesting scenario occurring in…

It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem:

It is a very eye-catching photo in which…

The drawing portrays a tragic scene in which…

考研英语书信写作高分句型 第8篇

关键词：商务英语书信,写作原则,写作技巧

一、7Cs原则在商务英语书信中的运用

所谓7Cs原则, 指的是简洁 (conciseness) 、 清楚 (clarity) 、完整 (completeness) 、具体 (concreteness) 、礼貌 (courtesy) 、 正确 (correctness) 和体谅 (consideration) 七大原则。为了使内容通俗易懂, 礼貌周到, 商务英语书信的写作往往要由一些写作原则来指导。在7Cs原则的指导下, 商务英语书信的作用能够得到充分发挥。

1. 简洁原则

在满足完整和礼貌原则的前提下, 简洁原则就是精简单词。只保留重要的单词, 既能够给人以强调的感觉, 又能衬托出书信的重点, 最重要的是可以节省贸易双方的时间和精力。通过遵守下列建议, 就可以实现简洁原则:

1.1 缩短或省略单词和表达

用尽可能少的文字表达出完整和明确的内容。单词代替词组, 词组代替从句。例如enclosed herewith可以简写成enclosed ;at this time可以替换成now ;due to the fact that可以用because来表达;a draft in the amount of $1000 变成a draft for $1000。很显然这几个例子中后者的表达都是符合简洁原则的。

1.2 避免不必要的重复。

尽管重复有表示强调的作用, 但商务书信会因为对于同一件事情过多的重复而变得冗长。比如下面这个句子:Will you ship us any time during the month of December, or even November if you are rushed, for November would suit us just as well。在这个句子中, 作者想表达的是对方可以在11 月底前装运, 所以可以把此句变化成Please ship us by the end of November, 这样既清楚地表达了作者的意图, 又避免了不断地重复。

2. 清楚原则

为了使对方正确的理解书信的内容, 必须使用清楚的表达。这就是清楚原则, 也是7Cs原则中首要的写作原则。商务书信要想发挥效果, 其内容表达必须清楚。避免使用复杂, 有歧义和易使人误解的表达, 尽量使用朴实简单的单词, 构建良好的句子和段落。准确、直接、简单的商务英语书信是首选。比如下面这个句子, As to the steamers sailing from Hong Kong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services。对于这个句子, 模糊词是bimonthly, 此句可理解为两个意思, 一个是we have two direct sailing every month, 另一个则是we have a direct sailing every two months。可见一个单词位置如果放置错误, 对整个意思也会造成很大的影响, 这在商务信函中是大忌。

3. 完整原则

一个完整的商务书信, 必须包含对方所需求的所有信息, 这就是完整原则, 也是写信最基本的要求。对方提问的所有问题必须给予明确的答案。不能直接回避某些无法作答的问题, 可以做一些解释说明。还要学会如何机智的应对对方提出的有损自身利益的问题。

4. 具体原则

在商务书信中, 有时对方会提出一些需要具体回答的问题, 如贸易术语、装运、货物规格和特性、数据和日期等, 这时候就需要使用具体原则。为了实现具体原则, 可以遵循下列的建议:使用具体的事实和数据;多使用动词;尽量使用主动语态而不是被动语态;选择生动、形象的文字;注意语序;把修饰词放在正确的地方。比如下面这句话, Please send your proposal to us as soon as possible。如果将as soon as possible换成一个具体的日期, 如October10, 那么这句话将会更具体。

5. 礼貌原则

为了达到礼貌的效果, 不仅要及时回复对方的书信, 在书信写作过程中, 还要尽量使用委婉的语气和礼貌的语言, 这样就可以给对方留下真诚可信的印象。

避免信中出现盲目的礼貌, 如机械的插入一些“please”和“thank you”等。在书信中, 不能对对方表示出愤怒、怀疑、指责和贬低等情绪。更不能使用带有刺激性, 进攻性的语言。如下面的例子, We are sorry you have misunderstood us, 很显然此句中有指责对方的意思, 所以最好改为We are sorry we did not make ourselves understood clearly。

6. 正确原则

正确原则, 顾名思义就是使用正确的语法、标点、拼写、语气, 传达出正确的信息, 避免造成不必要的误会。例如, “I’ll, we’re”这种表达似乎太口语化了, 在商务信函中, 可以把它们替换成“I will, we are”。

由于商务书信是很严肃很正式的, 其内容牵涉到贸易双方的权利、义务和利益问题, 所以一封商务书信, 首要关注的就是它的准确性。而各种商务材料的基础, 即确切的条款和精确的数据是特别重要的。因此, 既不能高估资产或者收益, 也不能低估负债或者费用。因为高估会使自己处于一个尴尬的境地, 而低估会使自己丧失信心, 阻碍贸易发展。

7. 体谅原则

体谅原则就是写信者站在对方的角度, 考虑对方的感受来写商务书信。此原则对于贸易双方的交流效果有着至关重要的影响。遵循以下建议, 即可以实现体谅原则:

7.1 尽量多使用“you”而不是“I”和“we”

读信者最希望在商务书信中看到“you”而不是“I”和“we”, 因为商务交际中, 贸易双方都更在意自己的利益。体谅原则就是试着站在对方的角度, 考虑对方的愿望、要求、兴趣和困难, 并采取他们的观点。如下例, We allow2 percent discount for cash payment。这句话很显然是从写信者自身出发的, 所以应改为You earn 2 percent discount when you pay cash。这样的语气就是从读信者的立场出发的, 从而引起他的兴趣。

7.2 尽量多使用积极肯定的语气而不是消极否定的语气

为了使商务书信达到有效的沟通目的, 在写作过程中要尽量使用积极向上的语言而不是消极负面的语言。因为积极向上的语言能给予对方鼓励和动力, 进而产生积极的影响, 而消极负面的语言会使对方感觉到一种批评并且失望的感觉。如We won’t be able to send you the brochure this month, 此句用的是否定消极的语气, 所以可以改为积极肯定的语气, 如We will send you the brochure next month, 这样才能达到交流目的。

二、七大写作技巧在商务英语书信中的运用

在书写商务信函的过程中, 不仅要掌握7Cs原则, 还要有写作技巧来指导。商务书信想要有效地表达出贸易双方的需求, 传达交流信息, 可以遵循以下七大写作技巧:

1. 用词精简

商务英语书信中应尽量选取简单常用的单词, 避免使用复杂冷僻的单词。这样才能够使信中所表达的内容实现有效的目的。例如, 用“never”来替换“under the no circumstances”, “as you requested”替换“as per your requested”等等。

2. 语气委婉恰当

由于贸易双方都希望看到对方能为自己做什么以及自己能获得什么利益, 所以在写信前, 要站在对方的立场思考, 明确这封信要达到什么目的, 最终有效的表达出自己。所以多采用委婉恰当的语气, 商务书信就能发挥其真正的作用。

3. 运用术语

商务书信的一大特色就是术语和缩略词的大量使用。商务英语牵涉到许多专业术语, 如信用证、保险费、保单、提单、到岸价、离岸价等等。外贸业务人员应该熟练应用专业术语, 以免对公司造成巨大的损失。

4. 提倡主动语态, 避免被动语态

通常, 相比被动语态, 主动语态更能够简洁有力的表达出效果。在商务书信中, 积极主动的句子能更有效的传达出写信者的意思, 避免对方误解。所以主动语态是用来交流信息的首选。只有在表达某些不愉快的事情时, 为了达到一种礼貌客观的效果, 才会选用被动语态。如下例, Your sample of July 10 was received by us today, 此句的被动语态最好换成主动, 即We received your sample of July 10 today。

5. 长短句的运用

在商务书信中, 过多地使用长句子, 会造成冗长复杂, 混淆写信人的写作目的, 掩盖主要的信息。短句子虽然可以明确写信人的意图又易于理解, 但通篇都用短句子, 又会使文章无聊生硬毫无特点。所以要注意使用长短句搭配的方式写作。这样既可以给对方留下深刻的印象, 又可以使对方快速的理解写信人所表达的内容。句子的平均长度以15 到18个单词为准。

6. 段落长度适中

商务书信中, 每个段落的长度都应该适中才能发挥真正的作用。首尾两段不宜过长, 3-4 行即可。首段过于冗长, 会使对方感觉疲倦, 不想继续阅读下面的内容。而尾段通常都要简单明了, 这样才能够清楚地表示出写信人的目的。至于中心段落, 机不能过长也不能过短, 7-8 行即可。应该过长会使对方感觉整封信没有重点, 混淆写信人要表达的意思。而过短又会使对方难以清楚地理解写信人的意图。

7. 创建良好的印象

在商务书信中, 给对方留下一个良好的第一印象和最后印象是至关重要的。多使用新颖的词汇, 多站在对方的角度思考, 是实现这一目标的好方法。避免使用千篇一律的表达。比如“We are in receipt of your letter…”, “We have for acknowledged your letter…”等等。这些表达尽管语法正确, 但却毫无创新。最后写结束语时, 尽量避免使用分词。因为这种用法在现代商务书信中已经很少用到了, 没有任何的意义和用处。

三、结论

总而言之, 在贸易交流中, 商务英语书信是非常重要的通讯工具之一。本文通过分析商务英语书信应遵守的7Cs原则以及七大写作技巧, 来指导外贸业务人员写作。因为只有这样的信函才能给对方留下深刻的印象, 引起对方的共鸣, 进而达到自己的目的, 实现商务谈判。

参考文献

[1]陈苏东.商务英语写作[M].高等教育出版社, 2002年8月.

[2]曹菱.商务英语信函[M].外语教学与研究出版社, 2002年10月.

[3]谈芳, 吴云.高等学校英语应用文写作[M].学林出版社, 2004年7月.