安全协议英文版

安全协议英文版（精选6篇）

安全协议英文版 第1篇

• Eavesdropping（窃听）

An Eavesdropping attack only passively observe messages.• Modification（篡改）

A Modification attack alters or replaces some messages.• Replay / Preplay（重放）

The attacker sends a message that it has observed as part of the protocol run.• Man-in-the-Middle（中间人）

In a Man-in-the-Middle attack the attacker gets in the middle of a real run of a protocol.• Reflection（反射）

Reflection attacks are a kind of replay attack that use a protocol against itself.• Denial of Service（拒绝服务）

A DoS attack tries to use up all of a severs CPU or memory by making 1,000,000s of requests.• Typing Attack（类型攻击）

In a typing attack the attacker passes off one type of message as being another.• Cryptanalysis（密码分析）

• Cryptanalysis is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted

information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so.• certificate manipulation（证书操纵）

modification of the certificate

• protocol interaction（协议交互）

using a new protocol to interact with a known protocol

Zero-knowledge proof（零知识证明）

• A zero-knowledge proof is a way that a “prover” can prove possession of a certain piece

of information to a “verifier” without revealing it.• Selective Disclosure（选择性泄露）

（密钥传输）A key transport protocol or mechanism is a key establishment technique where one party creates or obtains a secret key, and then securely transfers it to the other(s)

（密钥协商）A key agreement protocol or mechanism is a key establishment technique in which a shared secret key is derived by two(or more)parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these,(ideally)such that no party can predetermine the resulting value.******************************概念比较*************************************** 重放与反射

比特承诺与抛币：类似于比特承诺，但承诺是随机的。

群签与环签：P146

Kerboros认证P61

批签名

•（比特承诺）In cryptography, a commitment scheme allows one to commit to a value

while keeping it hidden, with the ability to reveal the committed value later.

安全协议英文版 第2篇

商务销售代理协议号：

NO：

日期：

Date：

为在平等互利的基础上发展贸易，有关方按下列条件签订本协议(商务销售代理协议英文版)： This Agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows:

1.订约人 Contracting Parties 供货人(以下称甲方)：

销售代理人(以下称乙方)：

甲方委托乙方为销售代理人，推销下列商品。

Supplier:(hereinafter called “party A”)

Agent:(hereinafter called “party B”)

Party A hereby appoint Party B to act as his selling agent to sell the commodity mentioned below.2.商品名称及数量或金额 Commodity and Quantity or Amount 双方约定，乙方在协议有效期内，销售不少于**的商品。It is mutually agreed that Party B shall undertake to sell not less than...of the aforesaid commodity in the duration of this Agreement。

3.经销地区 Territory 只限在.....In...only.4.订单的确认 Confirmation of Orders 本协议所规定商品的数量、价格及装运条件等，应在每笔交易中确认，其细目应在双方签订的销售协议书中作出规定。The quantities, prices and shipments of the commodities stated in this Agreement shall be confirmed in each transaction, the particulars of which are to be specified in the Sales Confirmation signed by the two parties hereto.5.付款 Payment 订单确认之后，乙方须按照有关确认书所规定的时间开立以甲方为受益人的保兑的、不可撤销的即期 信用证。乙方开出 信用证 后，应立即通知甲方，以便甲方准备交货。

After confirmation of the order, Party B shall arrange to open a confirmed, irrevocable L/C available by draft at sight in favour of Party

A within the time stipulated in the relevant S/C.Party B shall also notify Party A immediately after L/C is opened so that Party A can get prepared for delivery.6.佣金 Commission 在本协议期满时，若乙方完成了第二款所规定的数额，甲方应按装运货物所收到的发票累计总金额付给乙方*%的佣金。

Upon the expiration of the Agreement and Party Bs fullfilment of the total turnover mentioned in Article 2, Party A shall pay to Party

B...% commission on the basis of the aggregate amount of the invoice value against the shipments effected.7.市场情况报告 Reports on Market Conditions 乙方每3个月向甲方提供一次有关当时市场情况和用户意见的详细报告。同时，乙方应随时向甲方提供其他供应商的类似商品样品及其价格、销售情况和广告资料。

Party B shall forward once every three months to party A detailed reports on current market conditions and of consumers comments.Meanwhile, Party B shall,from time to time, send to party A samples of similar commodities offered by other suppliers, together with their prices, sales information and advertising materials.8.宣传广告费用 Advertising & Publicity Expenses 在本协议有效期内，乙方在上述经销地区所作广告宣传的一切费用，由乙方自理。乙方须事先向甲方提供宣传广告的图案及文字说明，由甲方审阅同意。

Party B shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity within the aforementioned territory in the duration of this Agreement and submit to Party A all patterns and/or drawings and description for prior approval.9.协议有效期 Validity of Agreement 本协议经双方签字后生效，有效期为**天，自**至**。若一方希望延长本协议，则须在本协议期满前1个月书面通知另一方，经双方协商决定。

若协议一方未履行协议条款，另一方有权终止协议。

This Agreement, after its being signed by the parties concerned, shall remain in force for...days from...to...If either Party wishes to extend this Agreement, he shall notice, in writing, the other party one month prior to its expiration.The matter shall be decided by the agreement and by consent of the parties hereto.Should either party fail

to implement the terms and conditions herein, the other party is entitled to terminate this Agreement.10.仲裁 Arbitration 在履行协议过程中，如产生争议，双方应友好协商解决。若通过友好协商达不成协议，则提交中国国际贸易促进委员会对外贸易仲裁委员会，根据该会仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。该委员会的决定是终局的，对双方均具有约束力。仲裁费用，除另有规定外，由败诉一方负担。

All disputes arising from the execution of this Agreement shall be settled through friendly consultations.In case no settlement can be reached, the case in dispute shall then be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of

International Trade for arbitration in accordance with its provisional rules of procedure.The decision made by this Commission shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.Arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party ,unless otherwise awarded.11.其他条款 Other Terms & Conditions(1)甲方不得向经销地区其他买主供应本协议所规定的商品。如有询价，当转达给乙方洽办。若有买主希望从甲方直接订购，甲方可以供货，但甲方须将有关销售确认书副本寄给乙方，并按所达成交易的发票金额给予乙方*%的佣金。

(4)本协议受签约双方所签订的销售确认条款的制约。This Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the Sales Confirmation signed by both parties hereto.本协议于**年*月*日在**签订，正本两份，甲乙双方各执一份。This Agreement is signed on...at...and is in two originals;each Party holds one.甲

方：乙方：(签

字)(签字)Party

A:Party B:

安全协议英文版 第3篇

关键词：高校,合作,协议,特点,翻译

自20世纪90年代以来, 中外合作办学作为一种新的高等教育模式得了一定的发展。在此模式下中外高校订立了相关的合作协议。由于中外合作协议是具有法律约束力的文件, 且中英文本之间, 存在诸多差异, 在协议翻译中常出现译文不够准确的情况。为避免不必要的歧义, 本文在总结办学实践的基础上, 拟对中外合作办学协议的特点及其翻译的规范化进行探讨, 以总结其相关规律及原则。

1法律专业术语的使用

中外合作协议是具有法律约束力的文件, 要求使用能体现其法律约束力的庄重性的专业词汇。如“权利和义务 (rights and obligations) ”、“违约 (breach the contract) ”、“仲裁 (arbitration) ”、“不可抗力 (force majeure) ”、“约束力 (binding force) ”、“负法律责任 (be liable for) ”、“争端 (dispute) ”、提交 (submit) 。

例1此合同用中、英文写成, 中文和英文文本具有同等法律效力。

This contract is written in Chinese and English, each version being of the same legal binding force.

例2如果出现意见分歧, 双方首先进行友好协商。如果通过协商无法解决, 双方同意把争端提交给中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会, 并依据中国法律解决。

When disputes happen, both parties agree to settle them through friendly negotiations at first.If all attempts fail, both parties agree to submit the disputes to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for settlement according to Chinese Law.

例1和例2中运用了binding force、disputes、submit等法律专业词汇, 因此在协议翻译中, 应充分考虑合同文本的特点, 选择符合合同文体的正式和规范的词汇, 准确无误地将译文和目的语之间进行转换。

2教育专业术语的高频使用

中外高校合作办学主要涉及学生招生、管理、学术交流、学分互认等事宜。协议中会涉及如招生标准 (enrollment standard) 、交换生 (exchange student) 、录取通知 (admission notice) 、注册 (registration) 、成绩单 (academic transcript) 、课程 (curriculum) 、学分 (credit) 、毕业证 (diplomas) 、学位 (degree) 等有国际通用性的教育专业术语。

例3学生完成学校规定课程, 并达到学校规定标准, 经审核合格, 甲方发给留学生毕业证书及学士/硕士学位证书。

Students who have completed all the required courses, passed all examinations and satisfied all other requirements at the end of their studies will be granted diplomas and awarded Bachelor’s/Master’s degrees.

例4乙方招收的学生必须是高中毕业生, 符合甲方招生标准。

Students recruited by Party B must be high school graduates and be up to the enrollment standard of Party A.

例3、例4中Bachelor’s degrees、Master’s degrees、enrollment standard等教学专业词汇的使用体现了中外高校合作办学协议用词的另一特点, 因此, 译者须从教学专业角度准确使用这些词语以明确陈述和规定协议双方的权利和义务。

3公文惯用副词的使用

中外高校合作协议亦属于正式公文, 在进行英译时需酌情使用英语公文语副词, 尤其是由here、there、where等加上after、by、in、of、on、upon、with等副词, 构成的公文语副词。如hereafter=after this time从此以后、今后, hereby=by means/reason of this特此, hereto=to here对于这个, hereinafter=later in this contract在下文, thereafter=afterwards此后, 后来。

例5以下简称为甲方

Hereinafter called Party A.

通过使用公文语惯用词, 使译文句子简练准确、结构严谨。

4频繁使用情态动词

中外办学合同常涉及义务的履行、责任的承担等条款。常使用should, shall, may, will, can等情态动词规范义务, 传达出规范性语气。尤其是情态动词Shall, 因在使用时不受主语的人称影响, 是中外高校合作办学协议中出现频率最高的词汇之一。

例6乙方应根据甲方提供的资料真实宣传甲方。

Party B shall promote and carry out advertisement according to the authentic information provided by Party A.

通过合理的使用上述情态动词, 可以使译文传递出必须是此种形式的规范性语气。

5准确使用货币符号及金额

中外高校合作协义会涉及与费用相关的条款。这些费用会涉及双方的费用、责任等问题, 因而也是双方最关心的。为避免不必要的纠纷, 在进行协议翻译时, 须正确使用货币名称符号和金额。英语译文中的金额必须区分各种不同的货币符号, 如美元不能只写$, 而应写为成US$或USD, 港币应写为HK$或HKD, 人民币应写为RMB￥或CNY。货币符号应紧靠数字以避免数字被任意改动。同时金额必须同时标明大、小写。即使原文合同中没有大写, 汉译英时也必须加上大写。在大写文字前加“say”表示大写;在金额后加“only”表示整, 并注意使用分节号 (, ) 。

例7学费:30, 000美元。

Tuition fee:US$30, 000 (Say:Three Thousand US Dollars only) .

综上, 中外高校合作协议是具有与教育相关的具有法律约束力的公文。在进行英语翻译时须掌握其特点, 用符合英文行文规范的语言准确表达协议信息。

参考文献

[1]Newmark, Peter.Approaches to Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

[2]Nida, E.A.Language, Culture, and Translation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.

[3]Shuttleworth, Mark.Dictionary of Translation Studies[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.

[4]陈建平.法律文体翻译探索[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2007.

[5]王道庚.新编英汉法律翻译教程[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社, 2006.

[6]陈建平.经贸合同英语的语言特征及其翻译[J].中国翻译, 2005 (4) :41-44.

当安全协议不安全了 第4篇

所谓“心脏出血”，是4月8日网络安全协议OpenSSL被曝出的一个严重安全漏洞，在互联网上引发剧烈反响，不少媒体用“地震级网络灾难”“年度最严重安全漏洞”等震撼说法加以形容，但在业外，大多数普通网民却是抱着一种“不明觉厉”的旁观心态，没有像上次携程“信用卡”门那样反应激烈，还情人质疑是否在夸大其词或存在商业阴谋。

首名黑客的被抓获则表明，因“心脏出血”漏洞引发的网络安全风险确确实实是存在的。就其危害性，可以明确地说，这次“心脏出血”与携程事件不可同日而语，这是一个全球性的网络安全事件，从其代号“心脏出血”（Heartbleed）即可看出。漏洞大概是这样的：SSL（安全套接层）协议是使用最为普遍的网站加密技术，而OpenSSL则是开源的SSL套件，为全球成千上万的Web服务器所使用。Web服务器正是通过它来将密钥发送给访客然后在双方的连接之间对信息进行加密。URL中使用https打头的连接都采用了SSL加密技术。OpenSSL是目前互联网上应用最广泛的安全传输方法（基于SSL即安全套接层协议），很多电商、支付类接口、社交、门户网站都在应用此协议。以防止窃密及避免中间人攻击。

Heartbleed漏洞之所以得名，是因为用于安全传输层协议（TLS）及数据包传输层安全协议（DTLS）的Heartbeat扩展存在漏洞。攻击者可以利用漏洞披露连接的客户端或服务器的存储器内容，导致攻击者不仅可以读取其中机密的加密数据，还能盗走用于加密的密钥。这个漏洞在长达两年的时间内没有被发现。直到最近。

“心脏出血”漏洞的危害很明显。它可以使不法之徒借漏洞盗取网民在特定网站的各种密码。包括网银。漏洞曝出后。产生两种后果，一是大量网站闻知立刻采取紧急修复措施；二是黑客也知道了这一消息，与网站赛跑趁机窃取信息。所谓道高一尺魔高一丈，不管网站修复得多迅速，但企业反应总是有个过程，在此过程中，很可能已经有信息失窃，更何况，还有大量安全意识差的网站没有第一时间修复漏洞。还有一个都在担心。却无法在短期内证实的隐忧：长达两年的时间里，这个漏洞一直存在，会否有黑客早已悄悄地发现了这个漏洞，并已经采取了盗秘行动呢？

以上这几种后果。无论哪一种属实，都会在未来给网民造成严重损失，第一个黑客已经被抓获，会不会还有第二个。第二十个？从这个角度说，对“心脏出血”保持高度警惕绝非杞人忧天。

安全协议英文版 第5篇

Contract

Party A: Party B:

Party A and Party B have agreed to enter into this contract after negotiation regarding the matter of entrusting Party B with the affairs of recruitment of executives.1.Party B shall provide Party A with the following services within contract period: 1.1 Conduct searching according to the job description of the opening provided by Party A, which shall be deemed as being in accordance with Party A’s true will.1.2 Provide Party A with detailed reports of qualified candidates for the selection of Party A 1.3

Be responsible for schedule and administration of interviews between Party A and the candidates 1.4

Assist Party A in offer negotiation to lead to a successful placement.2.To avoid duplication of efforts and confusions, if Party A finds a candidate referred by Party B is a duplicate, Party A shall inform Party B in writing within 48 hours after receipt of the candidate’s report from Party B.Otherwise, the candidate shall be deemed as being first referred by Party B.3.Method of Payment: Service fee for the position is ___% of the appointee’s first year OTE(OTE is the On-Target-Earning which includes signing-on bonus, base annual salary, cash allowance and on-target commissions or bonuses), or minimum _________ whichever is greater.Party A shall pay the first installment of __________ upon entering into this contract as the priority fee for Party B, the balance shall be paid within 7 days from the date of candidate’s being on board.Party A shall inform Party B of the appointee’s first year OTE upon Party B’s request.Any replacements will only be made on condition that our fees and any other outstanding accounts have been settled in full on time.Expenses relating to these assignments approved in advance by Party A will be billed at actual cost.4.Party B shall recommend other candidates according to Party A’s request provided that the candidate already placed gets dismissed within probation period of 3 months, except that such severance is due to Party A’s restructure or Party A’s breach of employment contract with the candidate.5.During the effective period of this contract, Party B shall not approach Party A’s existing employees by offering any outside job opportunities.6.The candidate who has been referred by Party B to Party A, or any other candidates referred by the candidate from his/her interview with Party A, shall be deemed as a valid candidate of Party B within twelve months from the first referral date.If Party A 1

employ the candidate, during this period even if in private without via Party B, Party B shall still have the right to demand Party A to pay the service fee in full.Party A also shall not recommend the candidate to any third party without written consent of Party B.7.Party A shall be responsible for the employment contract of the candidate as well as the registration of such contract with the competent government labor department.Party A shall also pay the service fee to Party B on time.For any default in the payment, Party B shall have the right to demand Party A to further pay overdue fine at the rate of 1% of the total amount per day.8.Neither of the parties shall release information of the other party or of the candidate to a third party.9.If for any reason, Party A decide to cancel the assignment during the effective period of this contract, Party B’s charges will consist of fees and expenses incurred only to the date of termination.10.Through understanding of Party A, Party B can opportunistically inform party A of the availability of uniquely qualified talent with detailed resume even when there is no formal assignment.Successful placements in such cases can also be settled according to this contract.11.Interview by Party A of any candidate referred by Party B will be deemed acceptance in full of the above terms and conditions even beyond the effective period of this contract.12.This contract shall take effect upon signature, and any modification shall be made in writing with agreement of both parties.It can be terminated by a one-month advance notice in writing from either party and all the outstanding accounts must be settled before termination.This contract has two copies, each party holds a copy, both being equally valid.Party A: Party B:

英文还款协议范本 第6篇

____________(hereinafter referred to as “Party A”)

Address:

Legal representative:

__________________(hereinafter referred to as “Party B”)

Address:

Legal representative:

Whereas:

Party A and Party B signed a “____________contract”(nr: _______)on __________(date).The term of the distribution contract started from __________ and ended on __________.Party A shall supply _________ according to its obligation under the contract and Party B shall pay Party A the amount of the contact.By the date of this repayment agreement, Party B still owes Party A the amount of the contract of ________________(RMB______)

NOW, THEREFORE, based on the foregoing and in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein, the adequacy of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

Article 1 Parties hereby recognize that Party B shall pay Party A _______________, the total amount of the contract that it owed to Party A.Article 2 Party A and Party B hereby agrees as follows through negotiation: During the period from _____________, in total _______ months, Party B shall pay the amount it owes to Party A.Party B shall pay 10% of the total amount every month namely

______________per month.Party B shall pay the installment before the end of every month.Party B will provide the evidence of payment to Party A within ______working days after anyone of the installment is due, and Party A will justify this fact.Article 3 Compulsory enforcement

4.Party A is entitled to apply for the compulsory enforcement from the court of competent jurisdiction according to this agreement herein which is compulsory enforceable

and the enforcement certification.the eligible business license(duplicate)by annual inspection

(1)letter of authorization /POA power of attorney

(2)the application forcompulsory enforcement.(3)the written documents of Party B’s performance(the repayment status of Party

B including the already paid/unpaid amount of the debt.)

(4)the hereby agreement which is compulsory enforceable by notary.(5)The notification of performance by Party A to Party B under the monitor of th

e notary.(6)Other essential documents.6.Party B undertakes to be enforced with all of its assets including but not limited to the following:

Any breach of provisions hereof shall constitute the material breach of this Agreement.Without prejudice to the relief measures that Party A is entitled to all remedial measures under the related agreement or laws, Party A is entitled to unilaterally take some or all of the following measures if Party B acts in breach of provisions of this Agreement:

the eligible business license(duplicate)by annual inspection;

the financial statements, including but not limited the latest one;

the written documents of Party B’s performance(the repayment status of Party B including the already paid/unpaid amount of the debt.);

(7)Other essential documents.All past-due principal and/or interest shall bear interest at the lesser of the highest rate for which the undersigned may legally contract or the rate of 18% per annum(the “Default Rate”), and such Default Rate shall continue to apply following a judgment in favor of Party A under this Agreement.If Party B fails to ke any payment or installment due under this Agreement within five days of its due date, the unpaid amount will be considered overdue and Party B shall pay to Party A in addition to any other sum dueunder this Agreement or any other agreementa late charge equal to 10% of such past-due payment or installment.(i)Party A is entitled toto declare all payments due under immediately du

e and payable and the right to recover all fees and expenses(including r

easonable attorney fees)in connection with the collection or enforcement thereof, which fees and expenses shall constitute additional Obligations of Party B hereunder;

(ii)should Party B in any respect fail to perform the said payment obligations

contained in the Agreement or commits any breach thereof, require Party Bto take whatever steps as may be necessary to achieve performance of the obligation thereof, in accordance with terms of the Agreement.Article 4Confidentiality

Any party of this agreement shall not disclose the relevant matter to any third Party Before the accomplishment of the foregoing transaction without the consent of the otherparty unless specifically set forth by the relevant rules and regulations of PRC, the article of company or any other agreement reached by both parties in writing.Article 6 Dispute Settlement

Both parties agree that any dispute arising out or relating to this agreement shall be settled in the court of competent jurisdiction.Article 7 Miscellaneous

1.This agreement will come into effect

3.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the present Agreement is made in two(3)originals with each party holding one original and keep one in ____(name)the office of public notary as the memorandum.Party A: ____________(chop)

Legal representative or authorized representative:____(signature)

Party B: ______________(chop)