常用初中作文范文
常用初中作文范文第1篇
(五)
153)think over仔细考虑154)arrive at/in a place到达某处155)eat up吃完,吃光156)do well in在干得好157)enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事158)find out发现,查出(真相等)159)finish off吃完,喝完160)stop doing sth.停止做某事161)stop to do sth.停下来去做某事162)hold a meting举行会议163)hold up举起164)hurry up赶快,快点165)enter for报名参加166)langht at嘲笑167)be used to习惯于168)used to过去常常169)wakeup唤醒170)work out算出
由其他动词构成的词组
常用初中作文范文第2篇
22边角边公理(SAS) 有两边和它们的夹角对应相等的两个三角形全等
23 角边角公理( ASA)有两角和它们的夹边对应相等的两个三角形全等
24 推论(AAS) 有两角和其中一角的对边对应相等的两个三角形全等
25 边边边公理(SSS) 有三边对应相等的两个三角形全等
26 斜边、直角边公理(HL) 有斜边和一条直角边对应相等的两个直角三角形全等27 定理1 在角的平分线上的点到这个角的两边的距离相等
28 定理2 到一个角的两边的距离相同的点,在这个角的平分线上
29 角的平分线是到角的两边距离相等的所有点的集合
30 等腰三角形的性质定理 等腰三角形的两个底角相等 (即等边对等角)
31 推论1 等腰三角形顶角的平分线平分底边并且垂直于底边
32 等腰三角形的顶角平分线、底边上的中线和底边上的高互相重合
33 推论3 等边三角形的各角都相等,并且每一个角都等于60°
34 等腰三角形的判定定理 如果一个三角形有两个角相等,那么这两个角所对的边也相等(等角对等边)
35 推论1 三个角都相等的三角形是等边三角形
36 推论 2 有一个角等于60°的等腰三角形是等边三角形
37 在直角三角形中,如果一个锐角等于30°那么它所对的直角边等于斜边的一半38 直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边上的一半
39 定理 线段垂直平分线上的点和这条线段两个端点的距离相等
常用初中作文范文第3篇
第一部分 :要求掌握虚词
之、其、而、以、则、乃、于、乎、焉、然、也、者、且
1、【之】
(一)代词初中文言文常见虚词
1.作第三人称代词,可以代人、代事、代物。代人多为第三人称,译作“他(她)(他们)”“它(它们)”。格式:动词+之。“之”作为前面动词的宾语。如:
①公与之乘,战于长勺。(《曹刿论战》) ②陈胜佐之,并杀两尉。(《陈涉世家》) ③忽啼求之。借旁近与之。(《伤仲永》)
2.代事,可译作“这件事”。 ①子墨子闻之。(《公输》) ②肉食者谋之。(《曹刿论战》)
3.这,此。如:
①以君之力,曾不能损父之丘,如太行王屋何?(本义项指后一个“之”) (《愚公移山》)
②有良田、美池、桑竹之属。(《桃花源记》) ③忠之属也。(《曹刿论战》) ④为楚造云梯之械。(《公输》)
(二)助词
1.结构助词,译为“的”,有的可不译。格式:定语+之+名词/名词性短语。如:
①予尝求古仁人之心。(《岳阳楼记》)
②小大之狱,虽不能察,必以情。(《曹刿论战》) ③见藐小之物必细察其纹理。故时有物外之趣(《童趣》)
2.结构助词,放在主谓之间,取消句子的独立性,不译。格式:主语+谓语+名词+之+动词(形容词)。如:
①孤之有孔明,犹鱼之有水也。(《隆中对》) ②予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染。(《爱莲说》) ③臣以王吏之攻宋也,为与此同类。(《公输》) ④岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也。(《论语》)
3.音节助词。用来调整音节,无义,一般不翻译。如: ①公将鼓之。(《曹刿论战》) ②久之,目似瞑,意暇甚。(《狼》) ③怅恨久之。(《陈涉世家》)
(一)代词
1.作第三人称代词,可译作“他(她)”“他(她)的”“他们”“他们的”“它”“它们”“它们的”。如:
①择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。(《〈论语〉十则》) ②人有百手,手有百指,不能指其一端。(《口技》) ③屠大署,恐前后受其敌。(《狼》)
有时也译作第一人称代词“我”。
2.指示代词,可译为“那”、“那个”、“那些”、“那里”。如:
①其人视端容寂,若听茶声然。(《核舟记》) ②复前行,欲穷其林。(《桃花源记》) ③其喜洋洋者也。(《醉翁亭记》)
也可译作“其中的”,后面多为数词。如: ①其一犬坐于前。(《狼》)
②蜀之鄙有二僧,其一贫,其一富。(《为学》) ③虽人有百口,口有百舌,不能名其一处也。(《口技》)
(三)作动词,可译为“到”、“往”。格式:之+地点名词。“(某人)去某地”。如:
①又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中。(《陈涉世家》) ②辍耕之垄上。(《陈涉世家》)
2、【其】
5.结构助词,是定语后置的标志。格式:名词+之+形容词。如:
①居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。(《岳阳楼记》)
②马之千里者(《马说》)
4.结构助词,是宾语提前的标志。格式:名词+之+谓语动词/介词。如:
①何陋之有?(《陋室铭》) ②宋何罪之有?(《公输》)
(二)副词
放在句首或句中,表示疑问、猜度、反诘、愿望等语气,常和放在句末的语气词配合,可译为“大概”“或许”“恐怕”“可要”“怎么”“难道”等,或省去。如:
①其如土石何?(《愚公移山》)
②其真无马邪?其真不知马也。(《马说》)前一个“其”可译作“难道”,后一个“其”可译为“恐怕”。
③安陵君其许寡人!其:可译为“可要”。(《唐雎不辱使命》)
④其恕乎。(大概,也许)(《论语》)
(三)连词,表示假设,可译为“如果”。如:
其业有不精,德有不成者,非天质之卑,则心不若余之专尔。(《送东阳马生序》)
3、【而】
主要作连词用,可以表示以下关系:
l.并列关系,一般不译,有时可译为“又”。如: ①中峨冠而多髯者为东坡。(《核舟记》)
②二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。(《鱼我所欲也》) ③酿泉为酒,泉香而酒洌。(《醉翁亭记》) ④任重而道远,仁以为己任。(《论语》)
2.承接关系,可译作“就”“接着”,或不译。如: ① 安陵君受地于先王而守之。(《唐雎不辱使命》) ②尉剑挺,广起,夺而杀尉。(《陈涉世家》) ③忌不自信,而复问其妾曰。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
3.转折关系,译作“但是”“可是”“却”。如: ①夫汉魏灭亡,而安陵以五十里之地存者。(《唐雎不辱使命》)
②予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖可远观而不可亵玩焉。(《爱莲说》)
③欲信大义于天下,而智术浅短。(《隆中对》) ④环而攻之而不胜。后一个“而”字表示转折关系。(《得道多助,失道寡助》)
4.修饰关系,可译为“地”“着”,或不译。如: ①河曲智叟笑而止之曰。(《愚公移山》) ②佣者笑而应曰。(《陈涉世家》)
③呼尔而与之,行道之人弗受。(《鱼我所欲也》)
2.表示结果,可译作“以至”“因而”。如:
(二)连词
1.表示目的,相当于现代汉语里的“来”如: ①意将隧入以攻其后也。(《狼》) ②以光先帝遗德。(《出师表》) ③属予作文以记之。(《岳阳楼记》) ④无从致书以观。(《送东阳马生序》)
(一)介词
1.介绍动作行为产生的原因,可译为“因为”“由于”。如:
①不以物喜,不以己悲。(《岳阳楼记》)
②是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。(前一个“以”表原因,后一个“以”表目的。)(《出师表》)
③扶苏以数谏故,上使外将兵。(《陈涉世家》) ④安陵以五十里之地存者,徒以有先生也。(后一个“以”) (《唐雎不辱使命》)
⑤以是人多以书假余。(《送东阳马生序》)
2.介绍动作行为所凭借的条件,可译为“凭借”“按照”“依靠”等。 如:
①策之不以其道,食之不能尽其材。(《马说》) ②以残年余力,曾不能毁山之一毛。(《愚公移山》) ③域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。(《〈孟子〉二章》)
3.表示动作行为的方式,可译作“把”、“拿”、“用”等。如:
①屠惧,投以骨。(《狼》)
②布衣之怒,亦免冠徒跣以头抢地耳。(《唐雎不辱使命》) ③全石以为底。(《小石潭记》)
④寡人欲以五十里之地易安陵。(《唐雎不辱使命》) ⑤以衾拥覆。(《送东阳马生序》) ④下视其辙,登轼而望之。(《曹刿论战》) ⑤在宋城上而待楚寇也。(《公输》)
5.递进关系,译作“而且”“并且”或不译。如: ①饮少辄醉,而年又最高,故自号曰醉翁也。(《醉翁亭记》) ②学而时习之,不亦说乎。(《(论语)十则》
4、【以】
2
①不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也。(《出师表》) ②以伤先帝之明。(《出师表》)
3.有时相当于连词“而”。如: ①近岸,卷石底以出。(《小石潭记》) ②黔无驴,有好事者船载以入。《黔之驴》
(三)“以”还可作动词(属于实词)用,可译为“认为”。如:
4.用于判断动中,相当于“是”“就是”。如: ①当立者乃公子扶苏。(《陈涉世家》)
3.表示出人意料,译作“竟”“竟然”。如:
①问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。(《送东阳马生序》) ②见渔人,乃大惊。(《送东阳马生序》)
①先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈。(《出师表》) ②臣以王吏之攻宋也。(《公输》) ③虽乘奔御风不以疾也。(《三峡》)
5、【则】
(一)连词
1.连词,表示因果。相当于现代汉语的“就”“便”“那么”“于是”
①登斯楼也,则有去国怀乡。(《岳阳楼记》) ②其船背稍夷,则题名其上。(《核舟记》) ③春冬之时,则素湍绿潭。(《三峡》) ④俟其欣悦,则又请焉。(《送东阳马生序》)
2.可是、却(表转折)
①余则蕴袍敝衣处其间。(《送东阳马生序》)
3.连词,表示假设,相当于现代汉语中的“假若”,“如果,那么”(表假设)
①出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。(《孟子》)
(二)副词,
1.表示肯定,相当于 “是”“就是”。 ①此则岳阳楼之大观也。(《岳阳楼记》)
2.副词,立即
6、【乃】
(一)作副词。有三种情况。
1.表示动作在时间上的承接,译作“才”。如: ①断其喉,尽其肉,乃去。(《狼》)
②太丘舍去,去后乃至。(《〈世说新语〉三则》)
2.表示动作在时间上的承接,译作“就”。如: ①乃诈称公子扶苏、项燕,从民欲也。(《陈涉世家》)
(二)作连词,表示前后的衔接或转折,可译为“于是”。如:
①乃记之而去。(《小石潭记》) ②乃重修岳阳楼。(《岳阳楼记》)
(三)作代词,译为“你、你的”。如:
王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁。(《示儿》)
7、【于】
1.表示动作发生的处所、时间,译作“在”“从”。如: ①公与之乘,战于长勺。(《曹刿论战》) ②子墨子闻之,起于鲁。(《公输》)
2.表示动作的对象,译作“向”“对”“同”“给”“到”等。如:
①操蛇之神闻之,惧其不已也,告之于帝。(《愚公移山》) ②胡不见我于王。(《公输》)
③每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。(《出师表》) ④故天将降大任于是人也。(《〈孟子〉二章》) ⑤不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。(《五柳先生传》) ⑥万钟于我何加焉。(《鱼我所欲也》)
3.用在被动句中,介绍行为主动者,可译为“被”。如: ①受于人者不至也。(《伤仲永》) ②受制于人。
4.用在形容词之后,表示比较,一般可译作“比”。格式:于+动词。如:
①使人之所恶莫甚于死。(《鱼我所欲也》) ②皆以我美于徐公。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
5.表原因,可译为“由于”“因为”。如: ①生于忧患,死于安乐。(《〈孟子〉二章》)
8、【乎】
3
(一)用作语气助词。
1.表示疑问语气,相当于“吗”、“呢”。如: ①大王尝闻布衣之怒乎?(《唐雎不辱使命》) ②然,胡不己乎?(《公输》)
③此不为远者小而近者大乎?(《两小儿辩日》) 4.兼词,用于动词、形容词之后,即兼有介词和代词的作用,相当于“从这里”“在那里”。如:
①不复出焉。(《桃花源记》)
②天倾西北,故日月星辰移焉。地不满东南,故水潦尘埃归焉。(《共工怒触不周山》)
2.表示反问语气,相当于“吗”、“呢”。如: ①学而时习之,不亦说乎?(《论语》) ②王侯将相宁有种乎?(《陈涉世家》) ③孰为汝多知乎!(《两小儿辩日》)
3.表测度或商量语气,相当于“吗”“吧”。如: ①今亡亦死,举大计亦死,等死,死国可乎?(《陈涉世家》) ②日食饮得无衰乎?(《触龙说赵太后》)
4.表示感叹语气,用于感叹句或祈使句,相当于“啊”、“呀”等。
①嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!(《陈涉世家》) ②呜呼!孰知赋敛之毒有甚是蛇者乎!(《捕蛇者说》)
(二)用作介词,相当于“于”,在文中有不同的翻译。
①醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之间也。(《醉翁亭记》) ②颓然乎其间者,太守醉也。(《醉翁亭记》)
(三)可作词尾,译为“的样子”“地”。
①以无厚入有间,恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣。(《庖丁解牛》)
②浩浩乎如冯虚御风,而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立,羽化而登仙。(《赤壁赋》)
9、【焉】
1.疑问代词,可译为“哪里”。如: ①且焉置土石。(《愚公移山》) ②湖中焉得更有此人。(《湖心亭看雪》)
2.句末疑问语气助词,可译为“呢”。如: ①肉食者谋之,又何间焉。(《曹刿论战》)
3.代词,相当于“之”。如: ①忽啼求之,父异焉。(《伤仲永》)
4③夫大国,难测也,惧有伏焉(《曹判论战》) ④三人行,必有我师焉。(《论语》)
10、【然】
①父利其然也。(《伤仲永》) ②谓为信然。(《隆中对》)
①然足下卜之鬼乎。(《陈涉世家》) ②然志犹未已。(《隆中对》)
1.用在形容词之后,作为词尾,译作“地”。如: ①杂然相许。(《愚公移山》)
2.用于词尾,译作“的样子”。如: ①临川之城东,有地隐然而高。(《墨池记》) ②望之蔚然而深秀者。(《醉翁亭记》)
3.用于句尾,常与“如”“若”连用,构成“如 然”
①其人视端容寂,若听茶声然。(《核舟记》)
11、【也】
语气助词。经常用在句末,表示各种语气。 1.表示判断或肯定语气的,如: ①陈胜者,阳城人也。(《陈涉世家》)
②鱼,我所欲也,熊掌,亦我所欲也。(《鱼我所欲也》) ③虎见之,庞然大物也。 ④子子孙孙无穷匮也。 ⑤苟政猛于虎也!
2.用在句末,与“何”等词相应,表示疑问语气的,如: ①孔文子何以谓之“文”也?(《论语》) ②公子畏死邪?何泣也?(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
“若然”格式,相当于“的样子”“好像似的”。如:
(三)语气助词,分三种情况:
(二)连词,表转折关系,译作“然而”“但是”等。如:
(一)代词,起指示作用,译作“这样”“如此”。如:
3.表示感叹语气的,如:
①君美甚,徐公何能及君也!(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) ②吾王之好田猎,夫何使我至于此极也!(《庄暴见孟子》)
“也”表示疑问语气和感叹语气,句中一般要用疑问代词。
4.用在句中,表示停顿,以引起下文或舒缓语气。如: ①当余之从师也,负箧曳屣,行深山巨谷中。(《送东阳马生序》)
②余闻之也久。(《伤仲永》)
12、【者】
1.结构助词,译作“的”“的人”“的事物”“的情况”“的原因”等,相当于名词性短语。如:
①遂率子孙荷担者三夫,叩石垦壤。(《愚公移山》) ②若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏。(《出师表》)
③而安陵以五十里之地存者,徒以有先生也。(《唐雎不辱使命》)
④京中有善口技者。(《口技》)
2.语气助词,用在主语之后表示停顿,谓语部分一般用“也”字结尾,起判断作用。如:
①北山愚公者,年且九十。(《愚公移山》) ②诸葛孔明者,卧龙也。(《隆中对》) ③陈胜者,阳城人也。(《陈涉世家》)
④其两膝相比者,各隐卷底衣褶中。(《核舟记》)
13、【且】
(一)用作连词。
1.递进关系,而且,并且;况且,再说。
①且壮士不死则已,死即举大名耳。(《陈涉世家》) ②且秦灭韩亡魏。(《唐雎不辱使命》) ③且焉置土石。(《愚公移山》) ④且欲与常马等不可得。(《马说》)
2.让步关系,(有时相当于"尚且",先让步,后推进一层。)尚且,还。
①臣死且不避,卮酒安足辞!(《鸿门宴》)
②故之圣人,其出人也远矣,犹且从师而问焉(《师说》)
(二)用作副词。
1.将,将要,快要。
①北山愚公者,年且九十。(《愚公移山》,将近。)
2.暂且,姑且。
①存者且偷生,死者长已矣!(《石壕吏》) ②誓不相隔卿,且暂还家去。(《孔雀东南飞》)
第二部分 :增补词汇虚词
或、虽、为、所
1、【或】
1.用作代词。有时分指它前面已经出现过的人或物中的一部分,有时泛指某人、
某物或某种情况,可译为"有人""有的""某人"等。例如: ①或师焉,或不焉。(《师说》)
②回视日观以西峰,或得日或否。(《登泰山记》) ③或曰此鹳鹤也。(《石钟山记》)
2.用作副词。表示不敢或不能肯定,可译为"或许"、"也许"、"可能"等。例如:
①予尝求古仁人之心,或异二者之为。(《岳阳楼记》)
3.用作连词。表示两种(或以上)情况可供选择或者动作行为的交替发生,可译
为"或者""有时"。例如:
2、【虽】
(一)"虽"作连词,在文言中有两种用法。
1.用在假设关系的句子里,作用是先承认一种假设,然后转入正意,可译为"即
使"。例如:
①今虽死乎此,比吾乡邻之死则已后矣(《捕蛇者说》) ②虽乘奔御风,不以疾也。(《三峡》)
2.用在转折关系的句子里,作用是先承认一事实,下面再转入正意。可译为"虽
然"。例如:
①豫州军虽败于长坂,今战士还者及关羽水军精甲万人(《赤壁之战》)
5
(二).复音虚词"虽然"。
现在汉语用"虽然"的地方,文言只用一个"虽"字。文言的"虽然","虽"是转折连
词,"然"是指示代词,结合在一起,有承上转下的作用,相当于"虽然如此"或" 话纵然这么讲"。例如:
①虽然,受地于先王,愿终守之,弗敢易!(《唐雎不辱使命》)
3、【为】
"为"在文言中经常用作动词和介词,也可以用作助词。用作动词,意思是"做"。
还可作判断词"是"用。这些都属于实词范围。下文介绍作虚词用的几种用法。
(一)用作介词。除表被动外,一般读去声。
(1)表示动作、行为的对象。可译为"向""对"等。例如: ①此中人语云:"不足为外人道也。"(《桃花源记》)
(2)表示动作、行为的替代。可译为"替""给"等。例如: ①当横行天下,为汉家除残去秽(《赤壁之战》) ②公为我献之。(《鸿门宴》)
(3)表示动作、行为的时间。可译为"当""等到"等。例如: ①为其来也,臣请缚一人过王而行。(《晏子使楚》)
(4)表示动作、行为的目的。可译为"为着"、"为了"。例如:
①天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下攘攘,皆为利往。(史记货殖列传序》)
(5)表示动作、行为的原因。可译为"因为""由于"。例如: ①吾见其难为,怵然为戒,视为止,行为迟。(《庖丁解牛》)
(6)表示被动关系。读阳平声,可译为"被"。"为"所引进的是动作行为的主动
者;有时亦可不出现主动者;有时跟"所"结合,构成"为所"或"为所"。例如:
①有决渎于殷周之世者,必为汤武笑矣。(《五蠹》) ②不者,若属皆且为所虏!(《鸿门宴》) ③今不速往,恐为操所先。(《赤壁之战》)
(一)用作助词。
经常放在动词前,同动词结合,组成"所"字结构。"所"字结构是名词性短语,表
示"所的人"、"所的事物"、"所的情况"等。如: ①于众人广坐之中,不宜有所过,今公子故过之。(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
②故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。(《送东阳马生序》) ③余在患难中,间以诗记所遭。(《〈指南录〉后序》)
"所"和动词结合,后面再有名词性结构,则所字结构起定语的作用。如:
①夜则以兵围所寓舍。(《〈指南录〉后序》)
②臣所过屠者朱亥,此子贤者,世莫能知,故隐屠间耳。(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
(二) 在有些句子中,"为"和"所"呼应,组成"为所"的格式,表示被动。如:
①贾家庄几为巡徼所陵迫死。(《〈指南录〉后序》) ②嬴闻如姬父为人所杀。(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
(三)复音虚词"所以"。"所"和"以"连用,文言中也常见。用法主要有两种:一种表
示原因,一种表示手段和目的。表示原因的,如: ①亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。(《出
师表》)
②吾所以为此者,以先国家之急而后私仇也。(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)
表示手段或凭借的如: 吾所以待侯生者备矣,(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
①师者,所以传道受业解惑也。(《师说》)
(二)用作助词。读阳平声,放在疑问句之末,表示诘问,前面有疑问代词跟它呼应。
可译为"呢"?例如:
①如今人方为刀俎何辞为?(《鸿门宴》)
4、【所】
6
初中文言文虚词考纲
第一部分 :要求掌握虚词
1、【之】
1.公与之乘,战于长勺。(《曹刿论战》) 2.肉食者谋之。(《曹刿论战》)
3.有良田、美池、桑竹之属。(《桃花源记》) 4.予尝求古仁人之心。(《岳阳楼记》)
5.予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染。(《爱莲说》) 6.公将鼓之。(《曹刿论战》) 7.何陋之有?(《陋室铭》)
8.居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。(《岳阳楼记》) 9.又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中。(《陈涉世家》)
2、【其】
1.屠大署,恐前后受其敌。(《狼》) 2.其人视端容寂,若听茶声然。(《核舟记》) 3.蜀之鄙有二僧,其一贫,其一富。(《为学》) 4.其如土石何?(《愚公移山》)
5.其业有不精,德有不成者,非天质之卑,则心不若余之专尔。(《送东阳马生序》)
3、【而】
1.中峨冠而多髯者为东坡。(《核舟记》)
2.二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。(《鱼我所欲也》) 3.尉剑挺,广起,夺而杀尉。(《陈涉世家》) 4.忌不自信,而复问其妾曰。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
6.全石以为底。(《小石潭记》) 6.以衾拥覆。(《送东阳马生序》) 7.以光先帝遗德。(《出师表》) 8.属予作文以记之。(《岳阳楼记》) 9.无从致书以观。(《送东阳马生序》)
10.不宜妄自菲薄,引喻失义,以塞忠谏之路也。(《出师表》) 11.以伤先帝之明。(《出师表》) 12.近岸,卷石底以出。(《小石潭记》) 13.先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈。(《出师表》) 14.虽乘奔御风不以疾也。(《三峡》)
5、【则】
1.登斯楼也,则有去国怀乡。(《岳阳楼记》) 2.其船背稍夷,则题名其上。(《核舟记》) 3.春冬之时,则素湍绿潭。(《三峡》) 4.俟其欣悦,则又请焉。(《送东阳马生序》) 5.余则蕴袍敝衣处其间。(《送东阳马生序》) 6.出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。(《孟子》) 7.此则岳阳楼之大观也。(《岳阳楼记》)
6、【乃】
1.断其喉,尽其肉,乃去。(《黔之驴》)
2.乃诈称公子扶苏、项燕,从民欲也。(《陈涉世家》) 3.问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。(《送东阳马生序》) 4.见渔人,乃大惊。(《送东阳马生序》) 5.当立者乃公子扶苏。(《陈涉世家》) 6.乃记之而去。(《小石潭记》) 7.乃重修岳阳楼。(《岳阳楼记》)
8.王师北定中原日,家祭无忘告乃翁。(《示儿》)
7、【于】
1.公与之乘,战于长勺。(《曹刿论战》) 5.环而攻之而不胜。后一个“而”字表示转折关系。(《得道多助,失道寡助》)
6.佣者笑而应曰。(《陈涉世家》)
7.呼尔而与之,行道之人弗受。(《鱼我所欲也》) 8.下视其辙,登轼而望之。(《曹刿论战》)
9.饮少辄醉,而年又最高,故自号曰醉翁也。(《醉翁亭记》)
10.学而时习之,不亦说乎。(《(论语)十则》
4、【以】
1.不以物喜,不以己悲。(《岳阳楼记》)
2.是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。(前一个“以”表原因,后一个“以”表目的。)(《出师表》)
3.扶苏以数谏故,上使外将兵。(《陈涉世家》) 4.以是人多以书假余。(《送东阳马生序》)
5.域民不以封疆之界,固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。(《〈孟子〉二章》)
2.每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。(《出师表》) 3.故天将降大任于是人也。(《〈孟子〉二章》) 4.万钟于我何加焉。(《鱼我所欲也》) 5.受制于人。
6.使人之所恶莫甚于死。(《鱼我所欲也》) 7.皆以我美于徐公。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) 8.生于忧患,死于安乐。(《〈孟子〉二章》)
7
8、【乎】
1.此不为远者小而近者大乎?(《两小儿辩日》) 2.学而时习之,不亦说乎?(《论语》) 3.王侯将相宁有种乎?(《陈涉世家》)
4.今亡亦死,举大计亦死,等死,死国可乎?(《陈涉世家》) 5.嗟乎,燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉!(《陈涉世家》) 6.呜呼!孰知赋敛之毒有甚是蛇者乎!(《捕蛇者说》) 7.醉翁之意不在酒,在乎山水之间也。(《醉翁亭记》) 8.颓然乎其间者,太守醉也。(《醉翁亭记》)
9、【焉】
1.且焉置土石。(《愚公移山》)
2.肉食者谋之,又何间焉。(《曹刿论战》) 3.忽啼求之,父异焉。(《伤仲永》) 4.不复出焉。(《桃花源记》)
5.夫大国,难测也,惧有伏焉(《曹判论战》) 6.三人行,必有我师焉。(《论语》)
10、【然】
1.吴广以为然。(《陈涉世家》) 2.然足下卜之鬼乎。(《陈涉世家》) 3.杂然相许。(《愚公移山》) 4.望之蔚然而深秀者。(《醉翁亭记》) 5.其人视端容寂,若听茶声然。(《核舟记》)
11、【也】
1.陈胜者,阳城人也。(《陈涉世家》)
2.鱼,我所欲也,熊掌,亦我所欲也。(《鱼我所欲也》) 3.苟政猛于虎也!
3.予尝求古仁人之心,或异二者之为。(《岳阳楼记》)
2、【虽】
1.今虽死乎此,比吾乡邻之死则已后矣(《捕蛇者说》) 2.虽乘奔御风,不以疾也。(《三峡》) 3.虽我之死,有子存焉。(《愚公移山》)
3、【为】
1.此中人语云:"不足为外人道也。"(《桃花源记》) 2.为天下倡,宜多应者。(《陈涉世家》)
3.为其来也,臣请缚一人过王而行。(《晏子使楚》) 4.天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下攘攘,皆为利往。(史记货殖列传序》)
5.为宫室之美,妻妾之奉。(《鱼,我所欲也》) 6.今为所识穷乏者得我而为之。(《鱼,我所欲也》)
12、【者】
1.遂率子孙荷担者三夫,叩石垦壤。(《愚公移山》) 2.若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏。(《出师表》)
4、【所】
1.故余虽愚,卒获有所闻。(《送东阳马生序》) 2.师者,所以传道受业解惑也。(《师说》) 3.北山愚公者,年且九十。(《愚公移山》) 4.陈胜者,阳城人也。(《陈涉世家》)
5.其两膝相比者,各隐卷底衣褶中。(《核舟记》)
13、【且】
1.且壮士不死则已,死即举大名耳。(《陈涉世家》) 2.且焉置土石。(《愚公移山》) 3.且欲与常马等不可得。(《马说》)
4.北山愚公者,年且九十。(《愚公移山》,将近。) 5.存者且偷生,死者长已矣!(《石壕吏》)
第二部分 :增补词汇虚词
1、【或】
1.或以为死,或以为亡。(《陈涉世家》) 2.而或长烟一空。(《岳阳楼记记》)
4.孔文子何以谓之“文”也?(《论语》)
常用初中作文范文第4篇
otherwise否则 unless除非 therefore因此 nevertheless然而
in addition另外
⑦It is clear that
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that
⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really
1. 表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
2. 表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
4.学会使用过渡词。如:
①递进: then(然后), besides(还有), furthermore(而且), moreover(此外)等。
②转折: however(然而), but(但是), on the contrary (相反), after all(毕竟)等。
③总结: finally(最后), at last(最后), in brief(总之), in conclusion(最后)等。
④强调: indeed(确实), certainly(一定), surely(确定), above all(尤其)等。
⑤对比: in the same way(同样地), just as(正如), on the one handon the other hand(一方面另一方面)等。
相似的比较: similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with ,
1、 陈述个人的观点
It is alleged that(据说)
In my view, both sides are partly right(两方面都部分的正确)
As far as I am concerned(就我而言)
As regards to me
My own point of view is that
Personally, I believe that
My experience tells me that
It comes as no surprise that Chinese economy becomes increasingly hot.
2、 陈述别人的观点
Other individuals, however, take the attitude that(错误的观点)sb is under the false belief that
英语写作常用句型
(一)段首句
1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说(常言道),它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在,,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,;其次,。更为糟糕的是。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在,很普遍,许多人喜欢,因为,另外(而且)
Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性,也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说),在他们看来,
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题,这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然,但是为什么呢?
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why?
(二)中间段落句
1. 相反,有一些人赞成,他们相信,而且,他们认为。
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____.
2. 但是,我认为这不是解决的好方法,比如。最糟糕的是。
But I dont think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.
3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重要的是
______is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First,______.Whats more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面,另一方面,
Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another,______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说,另外。所有这些方法肯定会。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么?第一个原因是;第二个原因是;第三个原因是。总的来说,的主要原因是由于
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the
main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,也有它的不利的一面,象。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as______.
9. 尽管如此,我相信更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous
四级作文常用短语
一、 作文开头
万能句
1、With the development of technology and science,随着科学技术的发展(后面一定要接句子,不能单独使用)
With the growth progress of technology and science= Coincident with the advancement of science and technology.
2、Considering the worsening situation in China, attention must be poured into protecting the environment.(考虑到中国越来越坏的情况,环境保护需要引起更多的重视。)
3、The first five years of the new century witnessed the increasing development of China.(本世纪的头五年见证了中国的快速发展。) As the global economy grows at a fever pitch,
4、Coincident with the fast growing national economy, there exists an unfavorable and prevalent phenomenon in China.
5、There are growing concern for
6、In recent years, it is common to seehear that
7、There is a general tendency that(有一种趋势)
二、 作文内容的陈述
结构in the first place/ secondly/ on top of that
以下手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的“亮点”。
1.改变句子的开头方式,不要一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词做状语等。〔原文〕We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning.
〔修正〕Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together.
〔原文〕The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
〔修正〕Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
2.在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等。
①强调句
〔原文〕I met him in the street yesterday.
〔修正〕It was in the street that I met him yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met him in the street.
②由with或without引导的短语。如:
He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand.
③分词短语。如:
Satisfied with the result,He decided to go on with a new experiment.
④倒装句。如:
Only in this way can we achieve our goal.
Never before have I seen such a wonderful film.
Not only should we study in the college, but also learn how to be a decent person.
⑤省略句。如:
If so,victory will be ours.
You can make some changes wherever necessary.
3.通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。
〔原文〕He stopped us half an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.
〔修正〕He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.
〔原文〕We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.
Some told stories. Some played chess.
〔修正〕After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.注意使用不同长度的句子,要结合
使用,不能只用短句或只用长句。
4.学会使用过渡词。如:
①递进: then(然后), besides(还有), furthermore(而且), moreover(此外)等。
②转折: however(然而), but(但是), on the contrary (相反), after all(毕竟)等。
③总结: finally(最后), at last(最后), in brief(总之), in conclusion(最后)等。
④强调: indeed(确实), certainly(一定), surely(确定), above all(尤其)等。
⑤对比: in the same way(同样地), just as(正如), on the one handon the other hand(一方面另一方面)等。
相似的比较: similarly, in the same manner 相反的比较: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with ,
5.注意使用词组、习语来代替一些单词,以增加文采。如:
〔原文〕A new railway is being built in my hometown.
〔修正〕A new railway is under construction in my hometown.
6.避免重复使用某一单词或短语。如:
〔原文〕I like reading while my brother likes watching television.
〔修正〕I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.
I like reading while watching television appeals to my brother.
三、 结尾
1、 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that(比如说到和谐社会 All in all, what really matters is, in fact, that we should build our society a harmonious society.)
2、 Therefore, it’s not difficult to draw a conclusion that
3、 As a result , we should take effective measures to do sth.(我们必须采取一些有效的措施来做些什么)
4、 From what has been discussed above , we may conclude that
5、 Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
四、 一些用法
1、 陈述个人的观点
It is alleged that(据说)
In my view, both sides are partly right(两方面都部分的正确)
As far as I am concerned(就我而言)
As regards to me
My own point of view is that
Personally, I believe that
My experience tells me that
The invention of the handset, I dare to say, turns out to be a tremendous hit.
The application of web sites, I dare to say, turns out to be a greatly hit.
It comes as no surprise that Chinese economy becomes increasingly hot.
2、 陈述别人的观点
Other individuals, however, take the attitude that
(错误的观点)sb is under the false belief that
3、 图表作文
The table showsindicates reveals that (表明、暗示、揭示)
According to the statistics showing in that graph, we can easliy seefound(根据表中的数据,我们可以看见,发现)
As seen from the chart/ As is portrayed in the picture
Sales went into a slight decline=sales declined slightly(小幅下降)
Sales declined dramatically/sharply/greatly/hugely (大幅下降)
A brief glimpse at our campus (the picture/cartoon/caricature) vividly shows that mobile phone, becoming more and more prevalent.
五、好的替代
the machine he device 代替 computerhandset代替 cell phoneintenselycrucially important代替 very important (it is crucially important that the benefits of collective be on our priority.)
approaches代替 wayscurrent(currently) 代替 nowgrowing individuals代替 more and more people
individuals/ characters/ folks 代替 people, persons
positive, favorable, rosy(美好的), promising(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, 代替 good unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 代替 bad
unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 代替 badan army of, an ocean of, a multitude of 代替 many, a lot of
take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 代替 think
affair, business, matter 代替 thingbeneficial, rewarding 代替 helpfulenjoy, possess代替 have
for my part, from my own perspective 代替 in my opinionbear in mind that代替remember
exceedingly, extremely, intensely 代替 verypour attention into代替 pay attention to
to name only a few/ as an example代替for example/ instance
六、 常用短语
老年人the oldelderly aged elderly population senior citizens中年人middle adults
年轻人youthyoungster young adults adolescent农村rural 郊区suburban 城里urban坏的影响ill effects
网吧cyber café网虫mouse potato电视迷couch potato在当代社会in contemporary society
优秀的学生outstanding/superior/rare/top students双赢a win-win situation 双输 a lose-lose situation
建设有中国特色的社会主义build socialism with Chinese characteristics ,form a economic system with Chinese characteristics
七、 写信中
I would appreciate it very much If you
I am thrilled to receive your mail.
Looking forward to a prompt response.
八、 好的短语
1、 have growing respect for 越来越重视
Coincident with the fast growing economy, China has growing respect for protecting the environment and controlling population. 随着经济的迅速发展,中国也越来越重视环境保护和控制人口了。
2、 enable sb to do sth (使某人可以做某事)
It enable us to build a harmonious society.
3、 另外 In addition/ Additionally/ on top of that
Additionally, there is another reason for the appearance of this phenomenon.(现象)
九、 好的句子
The real power resides in the people.(真正的权力属于人民)
We must fight against the bureaucracy in order to improve governmental work.(为了提高政府部门的工作效率,我们必须与官僚作风作斗争。)
Litter by little, our knowledge will be enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened.(慢慢的,我们的知识会充实,我们的视野会开阔。)
As a classic proverb goes that no garden has no weeds.(常言道,任何事物都有两面的。)也可以用 every sword has two edges. Everything has both dark sides and bright sides.
Taiwan is an integral part of China.(台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。)阅读理解中
subjective(主观) subjective(客观)should后面是观点,重点把握完形填空
常用初中作文范文第5篇
1)be at home/work 在家/上班
2)be able to do sth.能够做
3)be afraid of (to do sth. that)害怕(不敢做,恐怕)
4)be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气
5)be born出生
6)be busy doing (with) 忙于做(忙于)
7)be good at善于,擅长于
8)be careful of当心,注意,仔细
9)be covered with被复盖
10)be free空闲的,有空
11)be ready for为作好准备
12)be surprised (at) 对感到惊讶
13)be interested in对感到举
14)be pleased (with) 对感到高兴(满意)
15)be famous for以而著名
16)be strict in (with)(对工作、对人)严格要求
17)be from来自,什么地方人
18)be hungry/thirsty/tired饿了/渴了/累了
19)be worried 担忧
20)be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做
21)be covered with 被所覆盖
22)be in (great) need of(很)需要
23)be in trouble处于困境中
24)be glad to do sth. 很高兴做
25)be late for 迟到
26)be made of (from) 由制成
27)be satisfied with 对感到满意
28)be on 在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着
29)be (ill) in bed卧病在床
30)be made from/of 由制成
常用初中作文范文第6篇
Benefit from
People nowadays benefit quite a lot from the widespread use of the Internet 现代的人从网络的广泛使用中受益匪浅
2.使受益
Benefit
Modern technologies can benefit the general public in many respects (在很多方面) 现代科技可以在很多方面使大众受益
3.对有益,有助于 Be beneficial to + 名词 Be conducive to + 名词
Contribute to + 名词(注:如果要跟动词原形,可用serve to do)
1.Taking care of pets is conducive to the development of Children’s social skills (社交能力). 2. It is widely believed that advertising serves to stimulate consumption (刺激消费) 1.照顾宠物有助于孩子社交能力的发展; 2. 普遍认为,广告有助于刺激消费
5.协助某人做某事
Assist sb to do(等同于常用的help ) The internet assists children to study in a more effective way 网络协助孩子们以一种更有效的方式学习
6.提高(效率 生产率) 1).Enhance 2).boost (Efficiency Productivity) Computers help students enhance their study efficiency substantially (显著地) 电脑帮助学生们显著地提高他们的学习效率
7.培养 Cultivate
8.开阔眼界
1).Broaden one’s horizons 2).Expand one’s outlook
9.丰富知识
Enrich one’s knowledge
留学不仅开阔你的眼界,而且增长你的知识 10.磨练性格
Sharpen one’s character
11.激发(对的)热情
Trigger off Inspire one’s enthusiasm (for) 类似:磨练技能Sharpen one’s skills abilities Job satisfaction is very likely to inspire one’s enthusiasm for life as a whole 工作满意度很可能激发一个人对生活的整体热情
1 12.放松身心
Relax one’s body and ease one’s mind
Holidays can relax students’ bodies and ease their minds 假期可以放松学生的身心
13.发挥潜力,达到最大潜力 Fulfill one’s potential Reach one’s full potential
Studying various subjects can help students fulfill their potential 学习各种科目可以帮助学生发挥他们的潜力
14.引起公众对的关心
Trigger off Arouse public concern over
The deteriorating environment has triggered off much public concern over the existence and development of mankind 正在恶化的环境已经引起了公众对人类生存和发展的关心
15.提高公众对的意识 Raise the public awareness of
The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation 政府应该提高公众的环境保护意识
16.为消除障碍,为铺平道路 Remove the barrier for Pave the way for
The invention of a global language would remove the barrier for international communication 一门全球性语言的发明会为国际交流消除障碍
18.促进的发展
Promote the development of
The widespread use of English has promoted the development of international communication and interaction (互动) 英语的广泛使用已经促进了国际交流和互动的发展
19.让某人有能力去做 1).Enable sb to + 动词 2).Equip sb with the ability to
1.Going abroad can enable students to get a clear perspective of what the outside world is like and what they want from their lives
20.适应 1).Adapt to +名词 2).Get used to +名词
2.Students should learn to adapt to the increasingly fierce competition (越来越激烈的竞争) 1.出国可以让学生清楚地认识到外面的世界是什么样子的以及他们想从生活中得到什么 2.学生应该学会适应越来越激烈的竞争
21.采取措施去做某事 处理
Take measures to + 动词
The government should take immediate measures to curb the proliferation of pollution
2 (Effective 有效的; Efficient 高效的 Stringent 严厉的; Immediate 及时的) Deal with cope with
22.抑制的扩散 Curb the proliferation of
28.用武装某人 Equip sb with sth We should equip ourselves with various skills 我们应该用各种技能武装自己
26.优先考虑 Give priority to
Parents always give priority to their children’s future development 家长总是优先考虑他们孩子的未来发展
27.使为做准备 Prepare sb for sth Studying a wide range of subjects will prepare students for their future employment
23.是不可或缺的一部分 is an indispensable part of
At present, advertising has become an indispensable part of our daily lives and it has been exerting (施加) profound influence on the way we live and work 目前,广告已经成为我们日常生活不可或缺的一部分,并且,它一直在对我们的生活和工作方式施加深远的影响
24. 清晰地认识到 不清楚
Get a clear perspective of Lack a clear perspective of Self-selection is the best way for students to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives 对于学生来说,自我选择是清楚地认识到他们希望用他们一生做什么的最好方式
25.借鉴
对有更开阔的视野 Draw on
Have a broader view of
Students who spend some time traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on
1.对提出挑战 Pose a challenge to
A decreasing supply of natural resources is posing a challenge to the sustainable development (可持续发展)of human society 正在减少的自然资源供给正对人类社会的可持续发展提出挑战
2.对有的影响
Have (Have还可替换为: impose produce exert engender) + a (an) + adj + effect (impact influence) on Part-time jobs can produce a far-reaching impact on students, benefiting students, their families and even the
3 society as a whole. (深远的:profound far-reaching) (积极的:positive ; 消极的: negative) (重大的:significant dramatic ) 兼职工作可以对学生,他们的家庭,甚至整个社会产生深远的影响
3.在中起到作用
Play a(an) + 形容词 + role in
Pivotal 关键的; Indispensible 不可或缺的 Dominant 主导的; Essential 重要的
4.的大量使用(普及) The widespread use of The proliferation of
如果要说“的过度使用”,则是the overuse of
The widespread use of private cars has brought about a series of severe problems, particularly environmental contamination and traffic congestion 私家车的广泛使用已经导致了一系列的严重问题,特别是环境污染和交通堵塞
5.比更多 1).Outweigh 2).Prevail over
The advantages of private cars far outweigh their disadvantages 私家车的好处远远多于它的坏处
6.某一时间某一地方发生了某事
时间 + see witness experience+ 事件+ 地点 (时间和地点的位置可互换)
1. 2009 witnessed two major events in China =China witnessed two major events in 2009 2. The 21st century saw a dramatic rise of people’s living standards
7.加大缩小和之间的差距 Widen narrow the gap betweenand
The technology available to individuals is actually widening the gap between the rich and the poor, rather than narrowing it 供大众使用的科技实际上正在加宽贫富差距,而不是缩小它
8.让某人接触某事
1). Put sb into contact with sth 2). Expose sb to sth Exposing young children to excessive (过多的) violence and pornography would be detrimental to their personal development. 让小孩子接触过多的暴力和色情会对他们的个人发展不利
9.源于
1).Result from 2).Stem from 3).spring from 1.Stress resulting from excessive work may lead to a wide variety of (各式各样的) problems 2.Technological innovations have brought about profound changes in every aspect of our daily lives
10.导致
4 1).Lead to 2).Result in 3).Give rise to 4).bring about
11.可归因为 can be attributed to
The high sales of certain products, to a large extent (在很大程度上), can be attributed to the power of advertising 某些产品的高销售,在很大程度上,可被归因于广告的力量
12.归功于 owe much to
The improvement of people’s living standard
owes much to the rapid development of science and technology. 人们生活水平的进步归功于科学和技术的快速发展
13.承担的责任
Assume Shoulder the responsibility for
The government should shoulder the responsibility for ensuring (ensure确保) that adequate job opportunities should be available to college graduates (大学毕业生) 政府应该承担确保有足够工作机会提供给大学毕业生的责任
14.伴随着 .is accompanied by
The rapid progression of the internet is often accompanied by overuse of it 网络的快速进步经常伴随着它的过度使用
15.促使某人做某事 Impel sb to do sth (激励某人做某事可以说 motivate sb to do sth ) Peer pressure (同辈压力) impels college graduates to compete with each other for decent jobs (体面的工作) 同辈压力促使大学毕业生彼此竞争体面的工作
16.确保 Ensure that 1. The information age (信息时代) renders us slaves to high technologies, such as computers and the Internet 2.The fast-paced lifestyle has rendered people alienated (疏远) from one another
17. 让变成某种状态 render+形容词或者名词 (和make同义)
18.关键是 用)computers 2.The key point is that we should attach more importance to (更重视) environmental protection 1. 我认为关键是确保孩子们不过度使用电脑;2. 关键是,我们应该更重视环境保护
19.把纳入考虑 把放在第一位 Put at first place Take into consideration account Most college graduates take job promotions into consideration and put personal 1).The key point is to + 动词短语
1.I think the key point is to make sure that children do not overuse (过度使2).The key point is that + 句子
development at first place 大多数大学毕业生把升职纳入考虑范围,并把个人发展放在第一位
20.面对 1).Be confronted with 2).Be faced with People nowadays are confronted with so many problems, particularly (特别是) the deterioration of environment and air pollution
5 现在的人面对如此多的问题,特别是,环境恶化和空气污染
21.专注于 1).Focus on
2).Concentrate on Focusing on certain subjects allows students to better concentrate on the related knowledge 专注于某些科目让孩子更好地把精力集中在相关知识上
22.以为代价 At the expense cost of We should not develop economy at the expense of the environment 我们不应该以环境为代价来发展经济
23.靠 (后跟动词短语表方式) 凭借 by + 动词的ing形式
by means of + 名词
1. Old people can help those junior workers by sharing their experience and resources. 2.By means of Internet connection, youngsters from poor families can attend lectures of most prestige professors 1.老年人可以靠分享他们的经验和资源来帮助那些初级工人
2.凭借网络连接,来自穷人家的年轻人可以参加大多数知名教授的课程
24.而不是 1).instead of 2).rather than
(instead of感情色彩更强,表示“完全不是”)
A recent survey indicates young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than talking with other family members. 最近的调查表明,处于青少年时期的年轻人花费大量业余时间看电视,而不是和家人交谈
25.不管 1).Regardless of
(后面跟名词或者一个疑问口气的句子,如例句1) 2).In spite of(用法同上) 3).Despite the fact that (后面只能跟个陈述句,如例句2) 1.Children nowadays are allowed to buy whatever they like, regardless of whether it is useful for them 2.Despite the fact that the number of whales (鲸鱼) is decreasing sharply, the Japanese government still decided to continue its commercial whaling (商业捕鲸) 1.现在的孩子被允许买任何他们喜欢的东西,不管是否对他们有用 2.尽管鲸鱼的数量正在大幅增长,日本政府仍然决定继续商业捕鲸
26.在方面(限制观点的适用范围) In terms of knowledge 旅行在开阔眼界和增长知识方面,对孩子的个人成长有利
27. 有了 没有
(既可表示假设也可表示因果) In the absence of
(以上两个短语分别等同于with和 without) With the presence of advertising , consumers can stay well-informed of (很灵通地获得的消息) the latest products in the market 有了广告的存在,消费者可以很灵通的获得市场上最新产品的消息
28.为了交换
in exchange for
With the presence of
Travel is beneficial to children’s personal growth in terms of broadening their horizons and enriching their People nowadays tend to sacrifice health simply in exchange for career success 现代的人倾向于牺牲健康,仅仅为了交换职业成功
29.倾向于 往往 Tend to + 动词
1.Youngsters tend to be more impulsive (冲动的) and are more likely to go astray 2. Compared with the older generation, young people nowadays are more likely to be independent at an earlier age. 3. It is very likely that the widespread use of the Internet would bring about more problems
30.可能 Be likely to + 动词
It is likely that + 句子 (如例句3) 1.年轻人往往更冲动,更可能误入歧途
2.和老一辈人相比,现在的年轻人更可能在一个较早的年纪独立 3.很可能,网络的广泛使用会导致更多问题
31.不能代替
is no substitute for We should keep in mind that the internet is no substitute for teachers 我们应该牢记,网络不能代替老师
32.被(不能被)证明是合理的
can (not) be justified by (也可用主动语态, 如例句2)
1.It often seems that (似乎)the amount of money movie stars are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified by the amount of work they do 2.All these factors may justify the huge earnings of movie stars 1.似乎电影明星在短时间内能挣到的钱的数量不能被他们所做的工作量证明是合理的 2.所有这些因素都可能证明明星的巨额收入是合理的
33.重视
1).Attach importance to 2).Place (more) value on
Parents in present-day society attach much importance to their children’s future development 当今社会的父母非常重视他们孩子的未来发展
34.过量的 适量的
An excessive amount of A moderate amount of (Excessively 过量地) (Moderately 适量地) 1.The Internet is saturated with (充斥着) an excessive amount of violent content 2.Depending excessively on computers is very likely to stifle people’s creativity at work 1.网络充斥着过量的暴力内容; 2.过分依赖电脑很可能扼杀人们在工作中的创造力
35.越来越多的
An increasing growing number of +可数名词 (把number换成amount即可接不可数名词)
A pressing issue facing us is that (我们面临的一个迫切问题是)a growing amount of trash is being produced day and night. (黑体部分是现在进行时的被动语态, 即 “Be 动词+ being+动词的过去分词”) 我们面临的一个迫切问题是,越来越多的垃圾正在被日以继夜地生产
36.越来越 Increasingly + 形容词
7 Due to the expanding population and the sharp rise in the number of private cars, our city is becoming increasingly crowded 由于扩张的人口和私家车数量的大幅增长,我们的城市正变得越来越拥挤
37.很多的,
Numerous = A large number of (替换a lot of, 例子省略) Cell phones bring us considerable convenience (巨大的方便性) Considerable (巨大的,可用来形容一些抽象的概念,如: 变化,方便性,舒适度等 手机给我们带来巨大的方便性
38.绝大多数的
the vast majority of +可数名词.(替换most)
The vast majority of consumers will give priority to the quality before buying something 绝大多数消费者在购买前会优先考虑质量
39.各式各样的 1).A wide variety of 2).A wide range of 3).Various
We are confronted with a wide variety of advertisements in present-day society 在当今社会,我们面对各式各样的广告
40.供使用 (供选择) 1).Be available to + 名词 2).Be accessible to + 名词
A wide range of job opportunities are available to college graduates in present-day society 在当今社会,各式各样的工作机会可供大学毕业生选择
41.在之间找到平衡(妥善处理...)
Find (find可替换为strike) a balance betweenand
Some students fail to (不能) strike a balance between study and play 一些学生没能在学习和娱乐之间找到平衡
42.在很大程度上 在某种程度上
to a large extent to some extent Money, to a large extent, is the main drive of hard work (黑体部分的意思是:什么什么是什么什么的主要驱动) (如要表达:是的根本原因,则是: is the root cause of ) 金钱,在很大程度上,是努力工作的主要动力
43. 急需
Be in urgent need of
Young students are in urgent need of proper guidance (指导) from their teachers 年轻学生急需来自老师的指导
44. 利用 Make use of Students should make full use of (充分利用)their campus life (make good use of 好好利用) 学生应该充分利用他们的校园生活
8 倒退类 1.不能做某事 Fail to do (等同cannot)
Nowadays, people often end up buying products that fail to meet their needs, owing to lack of knowledge of better alternatives (选择,和choice同义)in the market
2.最终... (形容不太好的事) End up + 动名词
3.对有害
Be detrimental harmful to
目前,人们经常最终买到不能满足他们需要的产品,由于缺乏对市场中更好选择的了解
Too much time spent on TV watching is detrimental to children’s psychological well-being (心理健康) 过多花费在看电视上的时间对孩子的心理健康有害
4.对构成威胁 Pose a threat to
China’s entry into WTO would pose a great threat to quite a number of domestic manufacturers (国内生产商) 中国加入WTO会对相当数量的国内生产商构成威胁
5.打击某人的热情 Dampen one’s enthusiasm Nothing can dampen my enthusiasm for English 任何事都不能打击我对英语的热情
6.限制 扼杀创造力
Constrain stifle one’s creativity
7.比劣Be inferior to (比优) (Be superior to)
Many youngsters tend to believe that domestic films are inferior to imported ones 很多年轻人往往相信国产电影比进口电影差
8.依赖 (取决于) Depend on
Most youngsters nowadays depend excessively on their parents, due to lack of independence 现在的大多数年轻人过分依赖父母,由于缺乏独立性
9.缺乏
Lack of (名词短语) Lack(动词短语) generation gap. 2).Most people lack a clear perspective about what they want from their lives 1.缺乏足够和父母的交流和情感分享可能加宽已经存在的代沟 2.大多数人没有清楚地意识到他们想从生活中得到什么
10.对脆弱
Be vulnerable to
Without proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent content on the Internet 如果没有适当的父母指导,孩子对网络上的暴力内容非常脆弱
11.充斥着
9 Be saturated with
1).Lack of adequate communication and emotional exchange with parents may widen the already existing
12.剥夺某人的 Deprive sb of
Depending too much on computers will deprive people of their creativity 过分依赖电脑会剥夺人们的创造力
13.诱惑某人做某事 驱使某人做某人 Tempt sb to do
Drive sb to do (褒义贬义都可以) 1).Advertising often tempts people to buy things they do not really need 2).The desire to go abroad is driving me to study hard 1.广告经常诱惑人们购买他们实际上不需要的东西 2.出国的欲望正在驱使我刻苦学习
14.盲目地跟从
Follow indiscriminately (“盲目地”也可以用blindly) People nowadays, especially some youngsters, follow the latest fashion blindly 现在的人,特别是一些年轻人,盲目跟从最新的流行趋势
15.在方面相当受限
Be rather restricted in terms of
Youngsters nowadays are rather restricted in terms of social experience 现在的年轻人在社会阅历方面相当受限
16.利用
(常用来说明有不良意图的利用) Take advantage of
Advertising often tempts consumers to make a purchase by taking advantage of their ignorance about a product 广告经常靠利用消费者对产品的无知来诱惑他们购买
17.对保持清醒
Stay alert to + 名词
We should stay alert to the negative influence brought by modern technologies 我们应该对被现代科技所带来的负面影响保持警惕
18.有的风险
At the risk of
Firefighters are often at the risk of losing their lives
19.限制的发展
restrict the development of 20.降低的效率
lower the efficiency of
21.与有密切关系
常用初中作文范文
声明:除非特别标注,否则均为本站原创文章,转载时请以链接形式注明文章出处。如若本站内容侵犯了原著者的合法权益,可联系本站删除。


