动词过去式及过去分词练习

动词过去式及过去分词练习（精选8篇）

动词过去式及过去分词练习 第1篇

动词过去式及过去分词练习二

rebuild guide pick locate protect force unify link extend carry list climb alarm seem

buy wear prefer fade worry wash sign

join

attend

surf

recommend

promote

admire

highlight

graduate

set

repeat

improve

use

chat

bring

turn

settle

book

communicate

addict

waste result harm interfere benefit suppose promise lie threaten plead trouble throw fly rest wake cry sob trust hurt deceive send

publish dislike earn drive accept afford blame realize ride struggle fail relax shorten cause breathe attack raise die quit create control handle offer expend brew mix hit boom react advertise obey paint contain design select notice appear mislead cover heat

cook burn damage relate litter prepare hunt concern require choose value decide apply summarize receive participate supply accomplish seek hire educate excel upset try appoint tend continue reform

动词过去式及过去分词练习 第2篇

1．play

2.keep 3.bring

4.see 5.go

6.do 7.meet

8.shut 9.eat

10.decide 11.rise

12.tell 13.take

14.say 15.retire

16.find 17.sweep

18.make 19.try

20.cry 21.leave

22.buy

23.swim

24.drive 25.have

26.empty 27.cost

28.draw 29.walk

30.open 1.________she _________(be)to Australia before? No, she __________.But she ___________(go)there next summer.2._________ Ian ___________(sell)his house yet? Yes, he _________.He ____________(sell)it last week.3.__________ Sam _________(have)a haircut? No, he ____________.He ____________(have)a haircut tomorrow.4.___________they ___________(sweep)the floor yet? No, they ___________.But they ___________(sweep)it this evening.动词过去式及过去分词三十例：

1．play

2.keep 3.bring

4.see 5.go

6.do 7.meet

8.shut 9.eat

10.decide 11.rise

12.tell 13.take

14.say 15.retire

16.find 17.sweep

18.make 19.try

20.cry 21.leave

22.buy

23.swim

24.drive 25.have

26.empty 27.cost

28.draw 29.walk

法语复合时态中过去分词的配合 第3篇

1.1 一般过去分词不需要与任何成分配合。

Je t'ai achetédes fraises,je sais que tu adores ca.

(我给你买来了草莓,我知道你喜欢吃。)

Il avait connu l'aisance;ilétait maintenant dans une profonde misère.

(他曾有过富裕的生活,现在却贫困潦倒。)

1.2 如果直接宾语提前(位于相关动词前),过去分词需要与提前的直接宾语做性,数方面的配合:

Cette robe lui va bien,je la lui ai achetée.

(裙子很适合她,我给她买了。)

Quand je l'ai rencontrée dans l'escalier,Fannyétait en train d'insulter son chien.

(当我在楼梯上遇见法妮时,她正在咒骂她的那条狗。)

在使用关系代词,提前的直接宾语做先行词时,提前的直接宾语不同,过去分词的配合也有不同:

(1)如果提前的直接宾语是表示集体方面的名词,那么过去分词可以和这个集体名词配合,也可以和集体名词的补语配合。这要看作者着重表达的是整体还是个体。

Le groupe d'ouvriers que nous avions vus sont entrés dans l'usine.

Le groupe d'ouvriers que nous avions vu est entrédans l'usine.

(2)如果提前的直接宾语是表示分数方面的名词,那么过去分词可以和这个分数名词配合,也可以和分数名词的补语配合。这要看作者着重表达的整体还是个体。

La moitiédes légumes que vous avez achétés sont bons.

La moitiédes légumes que vous avez achétéest bonne.

(3)如果提前的直接宾语是由ou或ni连接的两个名词时,如果作者想表达相加概念时,过去分词和这两个名词配合;如果作者想表达两个分开的概念时,那么就与第二个名词配合。

Est-ce une revue ou un roman que vous avez acheté?

(这是您买的一本小说还是一本杂志。)

Ce n'est ni Fanny ni Annie qu'on a choisis pour le chef.

(被选为班长的既不是法妮也不是安娜。)

(4)如果提前的直接宾语中含有peu+补语的形式时,那么过去分词可以和peu配合,也可以和peu的补语配合。这要看作者着重表达的是peu的意义还是它的补语的意义。

Le peu de patience que vous avez montré(e)m'a dé?u.

(您所表现出的那点儿耐心让我很失望。)

(5)如果提前的直接宾语中含之一(un des,une des,un de,une de)的形式时,过去分词和复数直接宾语做性数配合,那么动词的动作是施于群体中的所有人或物;过去分词与单数直接宾语做性数配合,那么作者着重表达个体的概念。

La Grande Muraille est un des plus beaux monuments que l'architecture de l'antiquitéchinois ait produits.

(长城是古代中国建筑史上产生的雄伟建筑之一。)

Ce roman est un des plus intéressants que j'aie lu.

(这本小说是我读过的最有趣的小说之一。)

1.3 但在faire+动词,laisser+动词的形式中,faire或laisser的直接宾语提前,faire不需要配合;laisser可以配合也可以不配合。

Je les ai fait venir.

(我让他们来。)

Je les ai laissé(s)partir.

(我让他们离开。)

1.4 词组,短语,形容词,句子一般由中性代词le或en,y,rien等代,这种情况无性数配合。

Mais ce n'est pas original,je l'ai su.

(但这并非原作,我知道的。)

Il a vu des violettes et il en a cueilli.

(他看到紫罗兰,采了一些。)

2 在以être为助动词的复合时态中

2.1 一般过去分词与主语配合。

Les coureurs sont arrivés frais et dispos.

(跑步者来了,精神愉快,轻松饱满。)

Elle est montrée dans sa chambre pour y checher sa veste.

(她上楼进房去取外衣。)

2.2 但在代动词的复合时态中:

(1)当自反代词是直接宾语时,过去分词性数要与自反人称代词配合。

Cette fille s'est aventurée sur la glace.

(这个姑娘在冰上冒险。)

Fanny et Annie se sont rencontrées dans la rue.

(法妮和安妮在路上相遇了。)

(2)当自反代词是间接宾语时,过去分词不变。

Les enfants se sont lavéles mains avant le repas.

(孩子们吃饭前洗了手。)

Ils se sont dit bonjour.

(他们互相问好。)

2.3 有些名词虽是阴性,但表示男人;有些名词虽是阳性,但表示女人,应联系上下文注意配合。

Le nouveau professeur est arrivée ce matin,elle est très gentille.

(新老师今天早上来了,她很和蔼。)

2.4 在以on做主语,être为助动词的句子中,过去分词一般不配合。

On n'est pas venu ce matin.

(今天早上我们没来。)

但当on明确指代几个人或一个女人时,过去分词要与所指代的人性数上一致。

Fanny et moi,on a besion d'être soignées.

(法妮和我,我们需要被照顾。)

参考文献

[1]马晓宏.法语I[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1992.

动词过去式及过去分词练习 第4篇

动词过去式及过去分词练习 第5篇

动词不规则过去式过去分词练习

beat______ ______ become______ ______ begin______ ______ break______ ______ bring______ ______ build______ ______ burst______ ______ buy______ ______ catch______ ______ choose______ ______ come______ ______ cost______ ______ cut______ ______ dig______ ______ do______ ______ drink______ ______ drive______ ______ eat______ ______ fall______ ______ feel______ ______ fight______ ______

find______ ______ fly______ ______ forget______ ______ get______ ______ give______ ______ go______ ______ grow______ ______ hang(悬挂)______ ______ hang(上吊)______ ______ have______ ______ hear______ ______ hit______ ______ hold______ ______ hurt______ ______ keep______ ______ know______ ______ leave______ ______ let______ ______ lose______ ______ make______ ______ meet______ ______ 径舟英语内部资料

pay______ ______ put______ ______ read______ ______ ring______ ______ run______ ______ shake______ ______ show______ ______ sing______ ______ sit______ ______ sleep______ ______ speak______ ______ spend______ ______ tell______ ______ think______ ______ throw______ ______ understand_______

_____ upset______ ______

动词过去式及过去分词练习 第6篇

A.原型，过去式，和 过去分词 完全不同

drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung

sink----sank----sunk blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known

fly----flew----flown take----took----taken shake----shook----shaken drive----drove----driven

write---wrote---written rise---rose---risen ride----rode----ridden speak----spoke----spoken

steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen

forget----forgot----forgotten choose----chose----chosen draw----drew----drawn eat----ate----eaten

fall----fell----fallen give----gave----given hide----hid----hidden see----saw----seen

do----did----done

B.过去式与过去分词完全相同

bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought fight----fought----fought buy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caught sell----sold----sold tell----told----told say----said----said

pay----paid----paid send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent spend----spent----spent

burn----burnt----burnt learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant feel----felt----felt

smell----smelt----smelt sleep----slept----slept sweep---slept----slept leave----left----left

build----built----built lose----lost----lost get----got----got meet----met----met

sit----sat----sat shoot----shot----shot lead----led----led spit----spat----spat

have----had----had hold----held----held make----made----made stand----stood---stood

hear----heard----heard find----found----found dig----dug----dug shine----shone----shone

understand----understood----understood win----won----won

C.原型与过去分词相同

come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become

D.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同

cast----cast----cast cut----cut----cut put----put----put let----let----let set----set----set

hit----hit----hit shut----shut----shut

hang----hung----hung 吊，挂 lie---lied---lied 说谎 lie---lay---lain 躺下，位于，平放 hanged----hanged 处绞刑 lay---laid---laid 置放。

以下的动词的ING形式需要双写

getting putting swimming running beginning digging getting sitting stopping

一般现在时和一般过去时

.用be的适当形式填空

1.This ____ a picture of a school, and that ____ a picture of a factory.2.These _____coats for men, and those _____ coats for women.3.It ____ sunny today, but it _____ rainy yesterday.I hope it ____ fine tomorrow.4.They ____ middle school students last year, but now they ____ college students.5.I _____ a student of English, and my sister _____ a student of history.6.I ______ very glad to see you.7.She _____ often late for school

8.On very cold winter days the lake _____ often covered with ice.9.Now some mummies _______ on show in some museums.10.The students _____ often busy with their homework.用have的适当形式填空

1.A man _____ a face and two hands, and a clock ____ a face and three hands.2.“They are free” means “ They _____ nothing to do.”

3.Uncle Wang _____ neither a radio nor a TV set before but now he _____ both a radio and a TV set.4.Before liberation, the working people _______ not enough to eat or wear, and many of them _____ no house to live in

5._____ you a car ? No, but I _____ one last year.用动词的适当形式填空

1.My brother usually _____(get up)at six o’clock.2.The earth ______(go)round the sun.3.The cat _____(catch)mice very well.4.My sister always ________(wash)clothes for me.5.We ______(read)English every morning.6.Kate _______(study)Chinese harder than Peter.7.They ______(do)their homework carefully every day.8.Mary and Rose ________(see)a film once a week.9.Japan _______(lie)to the east of China.10.When spring ______(come), the trees _______(turn)green.11.____ they _____(watch)TV every Saturday evening ?

12.My father _____(not have)his lunch in the factory.He always has it at home.13._____ it _____(take)you one hour to go to school every day ?

14.I ___________(not like)apples.15.We ________(not study)Russian.We study English.16.______John ______(sing)very well ?

17.______the baby ______(sing)very well ?

18.Her sister ________(not look)like her mother.选择填空

(D)1.The Smiths usually _____ lunch at home.A.haven’t B.hasn’t C.hadn’t D.don’t have

(A)2.“ You _____ a class meeting today” said the teacher.A.don’t have B.didn’t have C.doesn’t have D.haven’t

(C)3.How often _____ a football match ? A.had you B.have you C.do you have D.have you had

(C)4.Martin often _____ his model plane on Saturday afternoon.A.fly B.flys C.flies D.is flying

(B)5.The little always ____ his hands before he ____ anything.A.was…eat B.washes…eats C.washs…eats D.washes…eates

(B)6.Father usually _____ newspapers after supper.A.read B.reads C.is reading D.has read

(A)7.The Blacks often _____ to the cinema on Saturday evenings.A.go B.goes C.have gone D.are going

(A)8.People _____ trees in spring every year.A.plant B.plants C.are planting D.have planted

(B)9.Tom _______to buy some medicine for his cough.A.want B.wants C.has wanted D.is wanting

(A)10.Mr Smith has been busy these days, He _____ tired and ______ a good rest.A.feels…needs B.has felt…has needed

C.feels…will needs D.is feeling…is needing

(B)11.When he was a child, Mother told Tom the earth _______round.A.was B.is C.are D.were

(A)12.From the magazine I learned there ____ no air or water on the moon.A.is B.are C.was D.were

(B)13.The farmer told his children that crops _______without water.A.aren’t living B.can’t live C.isn’t living D.doesn’t live

(B)14.Even a child knows that Sunday _____after Saturday.A.come B.comes C.is coming D.has come

(A)15.I’ll return the book to Jack if I_______ him tomorrow.A.see B.will see C.am going to see D.saw

(C)16.Mother will do some shopping if she _______free this Sunday.A.is going to be B.will be C.is D.was

(D)17.Miss Green will go to the meeting if she _____ better this afternoon.A.feel B.will feel C.can feel D.feels

(C)18.If I _____some tickets, I will give you one.A.has got B.will get C.get D.gets

(B)19.Mike will come to play with us as soon as he _____ writing the composition.A.finished B.finishes C.will finish D.is finishing

(A)20.The students will wait here until their new teacher ______.A.comes B.will come C.have come D.is coming

(D)20.Betty won’t go to bed before she _____ “Good night” to her mother.A.say B.had said C.said D.says

(A)21.When the meeting ____over , we will go to the dining-room.A.is B.was C.will be D.are

(D)22.I ___ at that school ten years ago.A.study B.had studied C.have studied D.studied

(D)22.The policeman ______ the thief but found nothing in his pocket.A.has searched B.will search C.is searching D.searched

(C)23.The baby _____ at his mother as soon as he saw her.A.smiles B.smile C.smiled D.had smiled

(C)24.What did you do last Sunday ? I _____ the piano at home.A.am playing B.have played C.played D.plaid

(D)25.The young man got up very early that morning and _____ not to be late again.A.try B.tries C.tried D.tried

(B)26.The car ______ and an old man with glasses came out.A.stops B.stopped C.stoped D.was stopping

(C)27.The visitor _____that they would go to the Great Wall the next morning.A.hear B.hears C.heard D.heared

(B)28.The policemen _____ the thief while he was sleeping.A.cought B.caught C.catched D.catch(B)29.The teacher _____ a map on the blackboard before she gave the lesson.A.hanged B.hung C.hang D.hangs

(D)30.Mike _____ out a knife and _____ the paper into pieces.A.bringed…cut B.braught…cutted C.brought…cuted D.brought…cut

(A)31.Something ____ from the tree and ____ the boy hard.A.fell…hit B.felt…hitted C.fallen…hitted D.falled…hit

(A)32.When ___ his car lost ? A.did Mr Smith find B.did Mr Smith found C.Mr Smith found D.were Mr Smith find

(D)33.Mrs Black ____ anything at the shop that day.A.not bought B.don’t buy C.doesn’t buy D.didn’t buy

(A)34.The old man ____ off until the bus started.A.did not get B.has not got C.will not get D.not got

(D)35.The teacher ____ what Peter had told her.A.not understood B.understand not C.won’t understand D.didn’t understand

(B)36.I ____ at home yesterday afternoon.A.did not be B.was not C.were not D.am not

(A)37.Jenny ____ good at sports when she ____ a schoolgirl.A.wasn’t…was B.didn’t…was C.weren’t…is D.isn’t…was

(A)38._____ Tom able to speak three languages when he ____ only ten years old? A.Was…was B.did…was C.does…is D.Is…was

(A)39.Why ____ she late for school this morning ? A.was B.did C.were D.does

(B)40.The people at the meeting _____ surprised at the news.A.are B.were C.is D.did

(C)41.Because the parents _____ pleased with their son’s homework, they asked him to do it again.A.not were B.did not C.weren’t D.was not

(C)42.______ a good time yesterday evening ? A.Did John has B.Did John had C.Did John have D.Had John had

(C)43.It rained so hard yesterday that we _____ a good time in the park.A.had not B.have not C.didn’t have D.don’t have

(D)44.Betty looks tired, ______ a rest at noon ? A.Had she B.Had she had C.does she have D.did she have

(A)45.The policemen ____ into the house as soon as they got out of the car.A.rushed B.rush C.to rush D.rushing

(D)46.What ____ when you looked out of the window ? A.have you seen B.were you seeing C.do you see D.did you see

(A)47.Peter ____ well as his mother asked him to get up.A.didn’t feel B.doesn’t feel C.hadn’t felt D.wouldn’t felt

(D)48.Jack ____ the policemen as soon as he found the spy.A.has called B.had called C.calls D.called(B)49.After he ____ up, the man found it was already ten to eight.A.waken B.woke C.has woken D.was waking

(A)50.The students ____ more than five hundred English words last year.A.learned B.have learned C.had learnt D.were learning

(C)50.The story ____ in a small mountain village.A.happen B.happens C.happened D.has happened

(A)51.Mr Smith came in, sat down and ____ to write something on a piece of paper.A.began B.begined C.would begin D.was beginning

(C)52.The man _____ on his coat and hat before he went out.A.putted B.puts C.put D.was putting

(A)53.The old lady ____ at the young man when he was speaking at the meeting.A.looked B.looks C.had looked D.is looking

(C)54.Mary said she would be a doctor after she ____ up.A.grows B.growed C.grew D.would grow

(B)55.The boy said he would begin to work after he ____ middle school.A.finishes B.finished C.would finish D.has finished

(A)56.Tom said he would finish his homework before he ____ TV.A.watched B.watches C.would watch D.will watch

(A)57.Miss Green told us she would stay in China for a few months before she ____ for Japan.A.left B.leaved C.leaves D.would leave

(B)58.They told us that they were going to Australia if they ____ so busy the next month.A.aren’t B.weren’t C.wouldn’t be D.didn’t be

(A)59.The peasant said he was going to build a new house if he ____ enough money.A.had B.would have C.had had D.was having

(D)60.He said in his letter that he would come to see me as soon as he ___ here.A.gets B.would get C.get D.got

(D)61.Li Ping often _____ English in the morning, _____ he ? A.read…do B.reads…do C.read…doesn’t D.reads…doesn’t

(C)62.What time ____ you _____ your homework ? A.does…do B.do…x C.do…do D.x…do

(B)63.I’ll give the book to Bob if he ______.A.come B.comes C.will come D.is coming

(B)64.There ____ some boys on the playground.A.is B.are C.have D.has

(B)65.We will go to the zoo if it _____ tomorrow.A.won’t rain B.doesn’t rain C.don’t rain D.not rain

(A)66.How much rice _______ in the jar ? A.is there B.are there C.there is D.has

(D)67.I’m sure he will come to see me before he _____ Beijing.A.will leave B.is leaving C.leave D.leaves(B)68.There _______wrong with my bike.A.are something B.is something C.have something D.has something

(B)69.The windows of our classroom _______once a week.A.is cleaned B.are cleaned C.was cleaned D.were cleaned

(C)70.________ Tom _______to the radio every morning ? A.Does…listens B.Do …listen C.Does…listen D.Do…listens

(B)71.We ____ a friendly match with Class Three the other day.A.play B.played C.have played D.had played

(C)72.They ____ four English classes a week last term.A.had B.have C.had D.have been

(A)73.Her uncle ______ a poor life before liberation.A.lived B.had lived C.lives D/ has lived

(B)74.My father ______ in a factory when I was a child.A.works B.worked C.is working D.has worked

(D)75.When ____ you ______ to China ? A.did…came B.do …come C.do…came D.did…come

动词过去式及过去分词练习 第7篇

1、cost _________ _________

2、cut _________ _________

3、fit _________ _________

4、hit _________ _________

5、hurt _________ _________

6、let _________ _________

7、put _________ _________

8、read _________ _________

9、set _________ _________

10、shut _________ _________

11、spread _________ _________

12、buy _________ _________

13、bring _________ _________

14、catch _________ _________

15、build _________ _________

16、deal _________ _________

17、feed _________ _________

18、feel _________ _________

19、fight _________ _________ 20、find _________ _________

21、get _________ _________

22、hear _________ _________

23、keep _________ _________

24、hang _________ _________

25、hold _________ _________

26、have/has _________ _________

27、lay _________ _________

28、lead _________ _________

29、leave _________ _________ 30、lend _________ _________

31、lose _________ _________

32、make _________ _________

33、mean _________ _________

34、meet _________ _________

35、pay _________ _________

36、say _________ _________

37、sell _________ _________

38、send _________ _________

39、shine _________ _________ 40、sit _________ _________

41、sleep _________ _________

42、spell _________ _________

43、spend _________ _________

44、stand _________ _________

45、strike _________ _________

46、sweep _________ _________

47、teach _________ _________

48、tell _________ _________

49、think _________ _________ 50、understand _________ _________

51、stick _________ _________

52、win _________ _________

53、spin _________ _________

54、come _________ _________

55、become _________ _________

56、run _________ _________

57、begin _________ _________

58、is _________ _________

法语过去分词性数配合初探 第8篇

1 法语动词的复合时态

由助动词avoir和être加上动词的过去分词一起组成的时态叫复合时态。例如:复合过去时, 愈过去时, 先将来时, 先过去时和法语的被动态。对于每个动词来说, 它在复合时态中使用的助动词是固定不变的。所有的及物动词和大多数的不及物动词都使用avoir为助动词, 而表示位置或状况变化的不及物动词以及所有的代词式动词都使用être为助动词来构成复合时态。因此, 掌握这一规律, 是研究、分析和解决法语过去分词性数配合问题的前提条件。下面我们就一起来分析在复合时态中过去分词配合的一般规则和特殊规则, 总结出带有规律性的内容, 以便帮助初学者能够全面、正确掌握过去分词配合的有关规则。

2 过去分词配合的一般规则

1) 在以être为助动词的复合时态中, 其动词的过去分词通常都要与句子的主语做性、数配合。因此, 正确判断句子主语的阴阳性和单复数是进行这一性数配合的关键。例如:Ils sont partis pour Paris hier.昨天, 他们出发去了巴黎。Elle est devenue professeuràl’université.她在大学里当老师。Tous les gateaux ontétémangés.所有的蛋糕都被吃完了。Les oiseaux se sont enfuis de leur cage. (绝对意义) 鸟儿都从笼子里飞走了。Ils se sont aper觭us de leur erreur. (绝对意义) 他们已经发现了自己的错误。Les pommes se sont bien vendues. (被动意义) 苹果曾经卖得不错。Chaque jour, les repas se sont préparés par la mère. (被动意义) 一日三餐每天都是妈妈做的。

2) 在以avoir为助动词的复合时态中, 动词的过去分词通常是没有性数配合的问题, 动词后跟的直接宾语按正常语序, 放在变位动词后面。这一点是判断过去分词是否进行性数配合的关键。例如:Nous avons rencontréMarie et Sophie dans la rue hier.昨天, 我们在大街上遇到了玛丽和索菲。J’ai appris ces chansons dans mon enfance.在童年时, 我学过这些歌曲。Elles ont lu les romans de Victor Hugo.她们读过雨果的小说。Avez-vous montrétous les documents au directeur?您把所有资料都给经理看了吗?

3) 当过去分词作为形容词单独使用 (不和助动词一起) 时, 要和被修饰的相关词 (名称或代词) 性数保持一致。例如:Les portes restaient ouverte toute la nuit.当时, 门整夜都开着。La Chine est située dans l’Est de l’Asie.中国位于亚洲东部。Voilàune lettreécrite par une jeune fille fran觭aise.这是一位法国姑娘写的一封信。Nous accueillons des amis venus de différents pays du monde.我们欢迎来自世界各国的朋友。

3 过去分词配合的特殊规则

1) 以avoir为助动词的复合时态中, 当动词的直接宾语放在动词前面时, 过去分词必须与直接宾语的性数保持一致。例如:Les livres que vous avez achetés cou赞tent très cher.你们买的这些书非常贵。Les photos qu’elle a prises dimanche dernier sont très belles.她上周日照的这些照片很漂亮。Combien de le觭ons avez-vous apprises le semestre dernier?你们上学期学了多少课书?Voilàles cassettes que j’ai achetées pour toi.这些盒带是我为你买的。Il nous a invité (e) s au restaurant dimanche dernier.上周日, 她请我们去饭店吃饭了。Ces films, je les ai vus plusieurs fois.这些电影, 我已经看过好几遍了。La fille que j’ai entendue chanter s’appelle Marie.我听见唱歌的女孩名叫玛丽。

2) 对于表示自反意义的代词式动词, 过去分词是否配合, 主要是根据自反人称代词在句中的语法意义而定。如果自反人称代词是后面动词的直接宾语, 那就需要配合。实际上, 这和以avoir为助动词的复合时态中, 当直接宾语提前时过去分词需要进行配合的规定相一致。反之, 如果自反人称代词是后面动词的间接宾语, 过去分词则不用配合。例如:Elle s’est lavée. (laver qn.自反人称代词se为直接宾语, 过去分词需要配合) 她洗过澡了。Elle s’est lavéles mains. (se为间接宾语, les mains是直接宾语, 不用配合) 她已经洗过手了。Elle s’est coupée. (se为直接宾语, 需要配合) 她割伤了自己。Elle s’est coupéun doigt. (se为间接宾语, un doigt为直接宾语, 因此不用配合。) 她自己割破了手指。

3) 对于表示相互意义的代词式动词而言, 其过去分词与主语配合的规定同上述表示自反意义的代词式动词基本一致。关键是识别此类代词式动词中自反人称代词的语法意义。自反人称代词作为直接宾语, 就配合;作为间接宾语, 则不配合。例如:Ils se sont souventécrit. (écrireàqn.给某人写信, 自反代词se为间接宾语) 他们曾经经常写信。Elles se sont rencontrées dans la rue hier, elles se sont dit bonjour et se sont serréla main. (rencontrer qn遇见某人, se为直接宾语, 所以过去分词要配合;dire qchàqn, serrer la mainàqn, 这两句中se为间接宾语, 则不用配合) 昨天她们在大街上相遇了, 她们互相问好, 互相握手。

4 结束语

过去分词性数配合是法语的一大难点。过去分词性数配合有其自身的特点、规律和原则。笔者结合多年一线教学经验, 重点针对在复合时态中过去分词性数变化的各种情况, 根据语法规定, 将法语过去分词性数配合归纳为2条规则:一般规则 (过去分词与主语配合) 和特殊规则 (过去分词与动词的直接宾语配合) 。我们相信, 凭借中国学生的聪明和智慧, 只要他们掌握好这两条规则, 认真加细心, 一定能攻克法语学习难关。

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