www.batterychn.com交流与探讨2021 No.5 Vol.58217收稿日期：2021-06-21铅炭电池在“双碳”目标实现过程中的应用前景分析沈浩宇，王振波（哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001）摘要：从铅酸电池的成本构成到铅的社会存量分别论证了铅价上涨是由于电动自行车市场的拉动和持续推高的铅存量。由于锂离子电池在电动自行车市场中将逐渐取代铅酸电池，所以铅会供过于求。通过蛛网模型分析得出，铅价将持续下跌至铅酸电池重新建立价格优势。从动力电池市场退让出的铅量，将会生产成循环性能更优异的铅炭电池并应用到储能领域，帮助新能源电力系统建立安全、稳定的储能系统，助力“双碳”目标顺利实现。铅炭电池需要提升倍率特性，满足多种储能应用场景需要。关键词：铅酸电池；铅炭电池；双碳；储能；蛛网模型；铅存量；新能源；铅价；锂离子电池；电动自行车中图分类号：TM 912.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-0847(2021)05-217-10Application prospect analysis of lead-carbon energy storage battery in the process of "double carbon" target realizationSHEN Haoyu , WANG Zhenbo(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin Heilongjiang150001, China)Abstract: Based on the cost structure of lead-acid batteries and the social stock of lead materials, it is demonstrated that the rise of lead price is mainly due to the drive of E-bike market and ther continuous of lead stock. Lithium-ion batteries will gradually replace lead-acid batteries in the E-bike market, and result in lead oversupply. The cobweb model shows that the price of lead will continue to drop until lead-acid batteries re-establish their price advantage. The lead that retreats from E-bike market will be used in lead-carbon battery and then be applied in the energy storage for its better cycle life performance. This will help the new energy power system establish a safe and stable energy storage system, and be great use to the realization of the "double carbon" goal. In addition, lead-carbon batteries need to improve their charge discharge rate characteristics to match various energy storage application scenarios.Keywords: lead-acid battery; lead-carbon battery; double carbon; power storage; cobweb model; lead stock; new energy; lead price; lithium-ion battery; E-bikeDOI:10.16679/j.cnki.21-1121.2021.05.004Chinese LABAT Man蓄 电 池2021 No.5 Vol.58218酸电池称之为第三代铅酸电池——铅炭电池[7]。国标 GB/T 36280—2018 中将这种正极为二氧化铅，负级为铅炭复合电极，电解液为硫酸溶液的蓄电池定义为铅炭电池。本文中，笔者为区分铅炭电池与传统铅酸电池的性能及应用场景的差异，将传统铅酸电池仍称之为铅酸电池，而将适宜应用到储能场景的铅酸电池称之为铅炭电池。从铅炭电池成本和铅资源社会存量两个角度分析后认为，铅炭电池在“双碳”目标实现过程中将承担起电化学储能的重要责任。1 铅酸电池的成本分析中国的铅酸电池市场结构中，轻型动力电池占比和起动型电池占比合计超过了 80 %[8]。依据表 1 中的公开数据[9-16]，分析天能和骆驼这两家上市公司的成本构成与铅价的关系，可了解中国在动力铅酸电池和起动电池领域的制造水平。骆驼[15]和天能[8]都披露，铅及其合金占其电池成本的 70 %。图 1 显示了铅价与起动电池、动力电池的材料成本有很好的线性相关性，决定系数 R2 在 0.95 左右。由此0 引言习近平总书记于 2020 年提出了中国的“双碳”目标[1]。利用新能源发电是实现“双碳”目标的...
