if虚拟语气的三种形式

if虚拟语气的三种形式（精选9篇）

if虚拟语气的三种形式 第1篇

对将来情况的.虚拟

在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do 的可能性最小。

主句：主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形

从句：should+动词原形/were to+动词原形。

Eg：If he should go to Harvard University, he would make full use of his time.

如果他要上哈佛大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

if虚拟语气的三种形式 第2篇

一、wish用法说明

动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。

要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时（be 动词一律用were）； 表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could+had +过去分词；

表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用would/could/should/might＋动词原形。I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。

I wish I were [was] better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。

She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。

I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。

This watch has gone wrong.I wish I had bought a better make.这只表坏了，我真愿意我买的是好一点的牌子。

I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.我希望你不再抽烟了。

I wish you would be more respectful to your father.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。

I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。

二、if only

1.在if only这个短语中，only只是加强if的语气的，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.如果他们现在在这里，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。

2.if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。意为“但愿”、“要是„„该多好啊”等。

If only she could have lived a little longer.要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！

3.if only有时也可以写成if...only。If she would only come!但愿他能来。

三、only if

1.only if 引起的条件状语从句，表示“只有„„(才)；只有在„„的时候；唯一的条件是„„”的意思，当only if 引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，主句要用倒装语序。

Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night.只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。

if条件句和虚拟语气 第3篇

一、真实条件句

可用if引导,具体有以下三种情况:

1. 一个动作发生,另一动作随之发生。例如:

If he has time,he will come.如果他有时间,他会来的。

2. 表示命令、建议或请求。这时的if等于when。例如:

If she telephones,please let me know.如果她打电话过来,请告诉我。

3. will用于if从句中,不表示将来,而表示愿意或坚持。例如:

If you will come this way,I’ll take you to the manager’s office.

请往这边走,我会带你去经理办公室。

二、非真实条件句

虚拟条件句分三类,其结构列表如下:

1. 与现在事实相反

If I had time,I would certainly go to the movie with you.

如果我有时间的话,我一定会和你一起去看电影的。

2. 与过去事实相反

I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese.

如果简不会说日语(要不是简会说日语),我真的不知道会发生什么事。

3. 推测将来

If I were to do the work,I should do it in a different way.

如果我要做这个工作,我会用另一种方法。

练一练用虚拟语气完成下列句子。

1.如果我是一只小鸟,我会飞到月球上去。

If I____________a bird,I____________to the moon.

2.如果她和我们在一起,我们本可以更早完成任务。

If she____________us,we____________the task earlier.

3.如果有人给我足够多的钱的话,我明天就去买辆车。

If someone____________me enough money,I____________a car tomorrow.

if虚拟语气的三种形式 第4篇

教学背景分析

教学内容分析：本语法项目出现在外研版选修六第六模块《War and Peace》，课文《D-Day Landing》中运用了一些IF引导的虚拟语气条件句，用来表述作者对当时情形的非真实的假设。借助于此语篇进行虚拟语气的教学，生动形象，便于理解。

教学目标

知识与技能目标：学生能够识别出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句；学生能够用虚拟语气表述自己的观点。

情感态度价值观：通过学习本模块的“战争与和平”这一话题内容，学生学会生活中用和平友好的方式解决问题。通过精心设计的课堂活动，培养学生自主学习能力、合作学习意识。

教学过程设计

Pre-task Lead-in 任务前导入 5分钟

教师问学生“if you were fives years younger now，what would you do？”，学生感到有趣，众说纷纭，各抒己见。用到的句式都是“if I were…I would…”，通过这一话题，让学生初步体会虚拟语气的使用情景—即用在与事实相反的假设中。

While-task 任务中 27分钟

1首先处理表述过去、现在和将来的If虚拟语气条件句，分三个环节：语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。

Presentation语法呈现（1分钟）

学生阅读屏幕上的文章，划出含有虚拟语气的句子。句子如下：

If we had reached the beach，we would have been killed.

If we had the chance now，we wouldn't choose war.

If I should be the secretary of the U.N.，I would never allow the war to break out.

Observation and conclusion 观察总结 （3分钟）

学生观察这些句子，互相讨论，总结出IF引导的虚拟语气条件句三种情况的结构。

通过改写句子、游戏句子接龙和话题讨论这三种方式，对IF引导的虚拟语气条件句的三种情况进行巩固和使用。活动如下：

Task 1 Rewrite the sentences，using the subjunctive mood.此活动练习与过去相反的假设。

We didn’t have enough peacekeepers.We didn't stop the war.

We didn't talk in a peaceful way.We quarreled with each other.

Task 2 Play a game.此活动练习与现在相反的假设。例子如下：

S1： If I were you，

I would follow his advice.

S2：...followed his advice，

...would solve the problem quickly.

S3：...solved the problem quickly...

Task 3 Talk about the topics 此活动练习与将来相反的假设。

What would you do if you…

live in the year 2112… board the Shenzhou 10 …

have 1 billion dollars… be president of…

2.处理IF条件句的混合虚拟语气。三个环节：语法呈现、观察总结、练习巩固。（12分钟）

Presentation observation and conclusion呈现、观察、总结（3分钟）

学生观察黑板上教师即兴写下的句子 If I were you，I wouldn’t have done so well及句子You didn't let me drive yesterday.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn't be so tired now。If you had told me the news yesterday，I would get there tomorrow.

学生互相讨论，总结混合虚拟语气的句式结构。学生体会出可以根据不同的情景，随意搭配使用。

Practice 通过练习，巩固混合虚拟语气结构 （9分钟）

Task 4 Match the sentences 句子匹配。

1.If I got everything ready today，

2.If I were the leader，

3.If I had seen the film before，

4.If we hadn’t sacrificed so many lives，

（a）we wouldn’t have our freedom today.

（b）I would have fun tomorrow.

（c）I wouldn’t have started the war.

（d）I would describe the terrible scene to you

Task 5 Fill in the blanks，using the correct form of words 用动词的适当形式填空，综合全面的考察学生对虚拟语气的掌握情況，要恰当的使用虚拟语气。

教学反思

虚拟语气的用法 第5篇

1.表示祝愿 a. Long live our country. b. May you succeed. c. May you be happy all your life.

2.表示命令 a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为“真实条件句”)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better. b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon. c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning. e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式 a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.

c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有“出乎意料之外”之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形 a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.

b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首 a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.

b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to). b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).

c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊) d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.

b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句

a. What would you do with a million dollars? b. Without/But for music, the world would be a dull place.

c. We could have done better with more money. d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.

e. He must have been very busy, or he could not have won the game.

f. I’m really very busy, otherwise, I would certainly take you to visit the zoo.

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England. b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

**as if 从句也可表示真实情况，谓语动词用陈述语气 a. It looks as if it is going to rain.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 “It is / was + adj. + that从句”中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况

a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left. b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.

c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. I wish I knew the result of the match now. b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.

c. I wish I could help you. d. I wish I were young.

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night. b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

a. I wish the prices would come down. b. I wish you would help me.

c. I wish he would be more careful. d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.

2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), propose, demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用“( should )+动词原形”的虚拟语气形式

a. I suggested that we should go there at once. b. I demand that he should answer me at once.

c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks. d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.

与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句等)中的谓语也用 “( should ) +动词原形”

a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.

b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.

c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map. d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.

e. What do you think of their proposal that we should all speak English at the meeting?

f. It is requested that she should sing a song at the birthday party.

**注意，含上述动词的简单句不用虚拟语气

a. The officer ordered his men to start before daybreak. b. The salesman suggested us /our trying another shop.

**注意，suggest解释“表明、暗示”、insist解释“坚持说、硬要说”，则不用虚拟。

a. The man’s expression suggested that he was very sad. ` b. Tony suggested that he had not broken the vase.

八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is (high) time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式

a. It is time we got up.

九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示“但愿”, “要是就好了”, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同

a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)

b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)

c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)

十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式

a. I would rather he came next Saturday. b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.

if虚拟语气的三种形式 第6篇

虚拟语气用在 even if, even though, whatever引导的状语从句中，从句谓语可参照由if引导的.虚拟条件从句的谓语，一般用过去时或过去完成时。例如：

This old machine runs as if it were a new one.

The old worker works as though he were a young man.

Even though she had been here very soon, she would not catch the train.

Example:

He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______ all about that.

a. know    b. knows   c. known    d. knew

I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

a. knew    b. knows   c. has known   d. had known

______ I used a lot of examples I still could not get my idea across.

a. Since   b. But that    c. Now that    d. Even though

2.        虚拟语气用在so that, lest （唯恐）, in case （万一）, unless, in order that（为了，以便）, that（为了，以至于）, for fear that （生怕，以免）, on condition that （如果）等引导的目的，条件状语从句中，从句谓语 may 或 might+原形动词，也有用 should, can, could+原形动词构成的。例如：

The teacher explained the law once more in order that we might understand it better.

Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem to live in order that they may eat.

一些人吃是为了生存，而另一些人似乎是活着就是为了吃。

I left him a note with my address on for fear that he should not know where to see me.

The heroes gave their lives that we might live a happy life.

为了我们过上幸福生活，英雄们献出了自己的生命。

Example:

In case I ______, I would try again.

a. will fail   b. would miss   c. should fail     d. shall miss

You should exercise vigilance _____ you should be killed.

a. so that   b. lest   c. therefore   d. that

3.        虚拟语气用在由 “whether” 引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如：

All engines work on this principle, whether they be large or small.

所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。

We must finish the work before we go home, whether it be early or late.

无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。

All matter, whether it be gas, liquid or solid, is made up of atoms.

所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。

在此句型中，可省去 whether ，而将be放在主语前。例如：

Be it so, we must continue to do the test.

We must do our best to fulfil the task, be it ever so hard.

Example:

______ I’ll marry him all the same.

a. Were he rich or poor   b. Be he rich or poor

c. Whether rich or poor   d. Being rich or poor

EXERCISE

1.       ______, I must do another experiment.

a. It is ever so late      b. Ever so late it

c. Be it ever so late     d. Whether be it ever so late

2.       The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.

a. goes wrong   b. would go wrong  c. went wrong  d. should go wrong

3.       Machines are often oiled so that they ______ well.

a. ran  b. runs   c. should run   d. running

4.       Even if he ______ very busy, he would have kept on learning English.

a. had been   b. was    c. were   d. had being

5.       Supposing the weather ______ bad, where would you go?

a. is   b. will be   c. was   d. were

6.       ______, he could not succeed.

a. However, he tried that    b. He tried however hard

c. However he could try    d. However hard he tried

7.       Even though the enemy ______ wings, they couldn’t escape from our encirclement.

a. had   b. had had  c. have   d. has

8.       She described the accident as if she ______ it herself.

a. saw  b. has seen   c. had seen  d. sees

9.       He came to meet us at the station for fear that we ______ the wrong way.

a. take  b. should take   c. took    d. had taken

10.   The car looked very dirty, as though it ______ hundreds of miles.

a. run  b. runs   c. has run   d. had run

11.   The teacher spoke slowly in order that we ______ no difficulty in following him.

a. should have  b. had   c. will have    d. didn’t have

12.   All magnets behave the same, ______ they large or small.

a. how   b. are   c. be   d. were

13.   At the beginning he didn’t want to speak English lest he  _____ mistakes.

a. will make   b. should make   c. would make   d. can

14.   I remember the whole thing as if it ______ yesterday.

a. happen  b. happens   c. happened  d. happening

15.   She stayed at home for a few days so that she _____ her mother.

a. takes care of   b. took care of   c. might took care of   d. might take care of

16.   She took up the meter with care for fear that it _____ .

a. is damaged   b. to be damaged  c. should be damaged  d. was damaged

17.   In many cases the heating effect is neglected as if there ______ no flow of current along the wire.

a. are   b. were    c. is    d. being

18.   I’ll put the money on the table just in case you ______ it.

a. might need   b. would need   c. needed  d. may have needed

19.   Providing you ______ the opportunity to go abroad, which country would you want to visit first?

a. have   b. will have   c. had    d. have had

20.   The business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

a. it being  b. was it   c. it was   d. be it

★ 虚拟语气语法

★ 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)

★ 诗句中的雨

★ 真实承诺书

★ 有关日记真实

★ 真实 作文

★ 感叹句中what后面加什么how后面加什么

★ SELECT语句中*号的作用

★ 在语文诗句中的物理现象

英语虚拟语气的用法 第7篇

虚拟语气主要用来表示假设，而非客观存在的事实，所陈述的是一个条件，不一定是事实，甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。

二.虚拟语气的用法有哪些

一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形

1.表示祝愿

a. Long live our country.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.

b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

再议英语虚拟语气形式的分类 第8篇

1 各家对虚拟语气形式的分类的不同观点

有些语法家按陈述语气的“时态”把虚拟语气形式分为“现在虚拟语气”;“过去虚拟语气”;“过去完成虚拟语气”等, 但虚拟语气根本与时态无关。而《英语虚拟语气》一书中的观点是:按形式分为综合形式和分析形式;按时态分为不定式和完成式;按性质与用途分为表示推测和表示虚拟以及虚拟结果;按历史发展分为:现在时虚拟语气:be;过去时虚拟语气:were;过去完成时虚拟语气:had been. (姚善友:1959:51-2) 此种分类方法不能体现陈述语气与虚拟语气的关系。

周龙如把虚拟语气形式分为四种类型:原型, 动词原形;现在先时型, 过去形式;过去先时型, 过去之过去形式;将来先时型, 过去将来形式。而何桂金等人认为:虚拟语气动词没用时态范畴, 没有过去、现在和未来的区别。 (何桂金1994/4期)

孙鸿仁教授在“英语虚拟语式探讨:从时态意义看虚拟语气类型”一文中, 将虚拟语气分为三类:“同时虚拟式”、“先时虚拟式”和“后时虚拟式”。但这种分类也遭到了有些语法家的质疑。

2 结合实际教学, 从实际表达意义上对虚拟语气形式进行分类。

在英语语法界, 各家对虚拟语气形式的分类的争论, 对学生理解此语法有了一定的帮助, 但也带来了很多不便, 特别是从时态上更加模糊不清, 也分不清各种语气形式之间的关系。给学生的学习和教师的教学带来了很多困难。所以, 本人认为, 不管怎样分类, 都应该给学习者带来方便, 便于理解, 这样的分类才是更好的分类。在实际教学中本人尝试用各种分类教学, 慢慢摸索出从语法功能, 也就是利用此语法表达的句子的实际意义来分类更容易使学生接受, 即是说不管它们的形式和时态如何, 把在用途上有某种共性的虚拟语气形式归为一类。具体分类如下:

a.表示“某人应该或必须做某事”的虚拟语气

b.表示不可能实现的假设和愿望的虚拟语气

c.表示客气委婉的虚拟语气

d.表示祝愿的虚拟语气

下面依次举例说明:

2.1 表示“某人应该或必须做某事”的虚拟语气

此句型大多数都可以用should/ought to (应该, 必须) 改写, 而不改变原意。

2.1.1 表示愿望、建议、命令和请求的动词带宾语从句。

A) .subject+suggest (order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, advise, ask, beg, require) +that clause.例如:

He suggested that we (should) set off at once.此句可改写成:According to his suggestion, we should/ought to set off at once.

You proposed that we (should) stop this war.此句可改写成:According to your proposal, we should/ought to stop this war.

B) .此句型衍生出来的主语从句。

It is desired that, It is suggested that, It is requested thatand so on

例如:

It is requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.

C) .suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea后面的表语从句和同位语从句。例如:

My idea is that we (should) challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.

He made the suggestion that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.

2.1.2 It is necessary (important, vital, essential, imperative) +that clause例如:

It is necessary that he (should) be sent there right away.

此句型不改变原意的情况下, 用should改写是:He should be sent there right away, this is necessary.

2.1.3 It is (high) time+clause (张道真温志达1998:528)

A) .It is time he go.

本句子的本意仍然是:The time has come when he should go.

B) .It is time we returned home.

本句子可改写为:The time has come when we should return home.

C) .It is time you should make up your mind to marry.

本句子的意思是:The time has come when you should make up your mind to marry.

2.1.4 subject+would rather (would sooner/would as soon/would prefer) +clause

此句型的基本含义仍然是“某事应该去做” (Swam, 1991:518) 同样可以用should/ought to改写, 如:I would rather you went there now.=I prefer you to go there now.即:In my opinion, you should/ought to go there now.

在使用此句型时, 要注意两点:a.主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同, 如相同, 则应用would rather+动词原形;b.句型。2.1.4一般仅用来表示现在或将来的情况。

2.2 表示不可能实现的假设和愿望的虚拟语气

2.2.1 subjunctive in conditional sentences

A) .表示与现在或将来事实相反的的“假设”:

If he knew it, he would tell me. (But Iknow he DOES NOT know it)

If you came on time tomorrow, she would invite you to dinner. (But I know you are not likely to come on time tomorrow)

B) .表示与过去事实相反的的“假设”:

If you had come earlier yesterday, you would have seen him. (But I know you didn't come earlier yesterday, you didn't see him)

C) .表示与未来事实相反的的“假设”:

If it were to/should rain tomorrow, we should not go out. (But I know it is not likely to rain tomorrow, we will go out)

2.2.2 wish+subject+unreal past

此句型表示不太可能实现的愿望, 分为四种情况。

A) .I wish I could fly. (But the fact is that I can't fly)

B) .I wish he were going shopping with us.? (But the fact is that he is not going shopping with us)

C) .He wishes he hadn't failed the exam. (But the fact is that he failed the exam.)

D) .I wish he would take the job. (But Iknow he will not take the job.)

2.2.3 If only+subject+unreal past

此句型也只是一个美好的愿望。

If only I knew the secret. (I wish I knew the secret)

If only I hadn't lost it! (I wish I hadn't lost it)

2.2.4 As if (=as though) +subject+un real past

He looks as if/though he were a professor. (The fact is that he is not a professor)

He talks as if/though he had read the book. (The fact is that he hasn't read the book.)

此句型也可以用陈述语气, 只是没有了假设的含义。He looks as if/though he is a professor. (The fact is that he is a professor.)

2.3 表示客气委婉的虚拟语气

虚拟语气还可以用于口语中, 使语气显得客气委婉。这时谓语多由should, would, could, might加动词原形构成。

2.3.1 陈述自己的看法:

It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.

2.3.2 提出请求或邀请

Would you mind turning the light on.

2.3.3 提出建议或劝告:

You had better leave the matter to me.

2.3.4 提出问题:

What would you advise me to do?

2.4 表示祝愿的虚拟语气

2.4.1 用原形:

Long live world peace!

God bless you!

2.4.2 由may加动词原形构成:

May you be happy all your life.

以上是按英语句子表达的实际意义分类的虚拟语气, 这是虚拟语气的核心内容。当然还有其它形式的虚拟语气, 有些也能归到这几种分类中, 其余的句式和陈述语气的区别只是正式与非正式的区别。

二十年来的教学实践证明了, 把英语虚拟语气的形式从句子实际意义的表达上分类, 学生容易理解, 易于接受。

摘要：多年来, 英语界各家对英语虚拟语气形式的分类, 一直都是争论不休, 本文借鉴各种不同的观点, 并结合二十年的实际教学经验, 从学生学习、教师教学的角度出发, 根据虚拟语气句子的实际表达意义不同, 把虚拟语气进行了新的分类。

关键词：虚拟语气,形式分类,实际表达意义

参考文献

[1]Michal Swan.Practical English Usage.Oxford University Press.1980.

[2]姚善友.英语虚拟语气[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1959.

[3]周龙如, 也谈英语动词的虚拟语气范畴[J].外国语, 1993 (4) .

[4]张道真, 温志达, 英语语法大全[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1998.

虚拟语气的用法 第9篇

表示说话人认为所说的话是和事实相反的内容，只是一种愿望、假设、猜测、建议或空想，用于条件句或某些动词之后。在这样的句子中要用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气的结构

虚拟语气常用在由if引导的非真实条件从句中，是用谓语动词的特殊形式来表示与现在、过去事实相反的情况或对将来发生的情况表示怀疑。

(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况

If I were you, I would help her. 如果我是你，我会帮助她。

If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会存在生物。

If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.

如果他学习用功的话，他可能会通过考试。

(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况

If I had visited the place before, I would have known the way.

如果我去过那个地方，我就认识路了。

If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.

假若我们早点儿动身的话，我们是不会错过火车的。

If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

如果他听了我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。

(3)表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)

If you should be late tomorrow, we would not wait for you.

万一你明天迟到了，我们就不等你了。

If he should see me, he would know me.

假如他看见我，就会认识我。

If it were to snow in the summer, I would believe you.

倘若夏天下雪，我就会相信你。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。

虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中

(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。

I wish I had your brains. 我希望我能有你那样的脑筋。

(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。

I wish I had known the truth of the matter.

我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。

(3)表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用“should(would)+动词原形”。

I wish I should have a chance again. 我真希望再有一次机会。

一、请用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. If I come, I ____(see) you.

2. If it is fine, we ____(go) for a walk.

3. If it rained, they ____(stay) at home.

4. You will spoil it if you ____(not be) careful.

5. We would be very much pleased if you ____(come).

6. Will you help me if I ____(need) you?

7. They will get wet if it ____(rain).

8. What a pity!I haven’t got my car. If I had, I ____(take) you to

the airport.

9. We would answer if we ____(can).

10. If you eat too much, you ____(get) ill.

二、请根据上下文用所给动词的适当形式完成对话。

1. A: What are you doing this evening?

B: I’m not sure. If there ____(not be) anything good on TV, I think

I ____(read) a detective story. Or maybe I ____(go) to bed early.

2. A: What time will Kate be home?

B: If I ____(know) I ____(tell) you. But unfortunately, she didn’t say a word with me because we argued yesterday.

A: Well, if she ____(get) home before 10:00, please ask her to call me.

3. A: I’m so stressed out.

B: It’s none of my business, but if I ____(be) you, I ____(take) some time off.

4. A: I’m afraid your flight has been delayed due to bad weather.

B: Oh no!When will it take off?

A: We don’t have any idea yet. If it ____(stop) snowing this evening, then your flight ____(depart) some time tonight.

5. A: What are the chances that will happen?

B: It’s too early to tell. I ____(let) you know if I ____(hear) any news.