考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析（精选6篇）

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析 第1篇

考研英语刚刚结束，用尽了洪荒之力的考研宝宝们，你的内心感受如何呢?背的作文有没有中?答题时间有没有够?

一切尘埃落定，分数的高低与否很大程度上还是取决于阅读理解的正确率。今年的阅读文章题材依然很时髦：第一篇讲到关于美国安检的事，第二篇讲到夏威夷，第三篇讲到英国脱欧GDP增长不能给人们带来幸福感，第四篇讲美国最高法院对于麦克唐纳德裁决的事。其中涉及本年度热点的就是英国脱欧，这个词汇的英语是Brexit，考场上有没有看到呢。(新闻链接：英国“脱欧”公投于6月23日举行，即全民投票表决英国是否脱离欧盟。结果，投票选择leave的脱欧派胜出，英国真的要离开欧盟了。结果宣布后不久，英国首相卡梅伦便宣布辞职。)所以，我们说考研英语阅读的时效性是非常强的，考生除了要学习英语知识点，还要开拓眼界，进行一些时文阅读，对当下发生的一些热点事件及专有词汇要熟悉了解。

21-25 CCADC

21. explain American’s tolerance of current security check

22. an increase in the number of travelers

23.faster

24.an unreasonable price for enroll

25.Getting stuck in the security line

26-30 ABBAD

26. the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaii society

27. its geographical features

28.it reminds them of humiliating history

29.may uncover the origin of Hawaii culture

30.passive acceptance

31-35 CBDCA

31. had a low opinion of GDP

32.GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK

33.Its results are enlightening

34.It is essential to consider factors beyond GDP

35.high GDP but inadequate well-being , a UK lesson

36-40 CCABD

36.was contemptuous of McDonell’s conduct

37.concrete returns for gift-givers

38. justifying in addressing the needs of the constituents.

39.guarantee fair play in official access

40. supportive

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析 第2篇

Certainly their deions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river―and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “ Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?

19. This passage is mainly____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art

[B]a review of Futurist poetry

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement

[D]about laws and requirements of literature

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

[A]determine its purposes

[B]ignore its flaws

[C]follow the new fashions

[D]accept the principles

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

[A]increase the production of literature

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress

[C]develop new modes of expression

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is____。

[A]based on reasonable principles

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

名师解析

19. This passage is mainly____. 本文中心思想是____。

[A]a survey of new approaches to art 对新的艺术理论的调查

[B]a review of Futurist poetry 对未来派诗歌的评论

[C]about merits of the Futurist movement 有关未来派运动的优点

[D]about laws and requirements of literature 有关文学的规则和要求

【答案】 B

【考点】 文章主旨题。

【分析】 本文第一段提到“至于未来派诗歌，情况却有点难，因为即使承认未来派诗歌理论根据可能正确，无论它是怎样的，也很难称之为文学”。第二段提到“未来主义者声称，这种加速的生活需要一种新的表达方式，考研英语《考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(三)》。如果我们想解释现代社会的压力，就必须加快文学的速度”。第三段例举了一个未来文学的例子，指出其难以接受。最后一段仍然是对未来文学的批评。因此我们看出本文是一篇文学评论，而且是对未来文学的评论。只有选择[B]。

20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。

当出现一个新的文学理念时，人们应该努力_____。

[A]determine its purposes 确定它的目标

[B]ignore its flaws 忽视它的缺陷

[C]follow the new fashions 跟随这个新的潮流

[D]accept the principles 接受原则

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 本题可以定位到第一段第一句“每当一个新艺术思潮达到一定流行程度时，(在评价它之前)最好先找出其倡导者的目的”。

21. Futurists claim that we must____。

未来主义者声称我们必须____。

[A]increase the production of literature 加大文学的产出

[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress 用诗歌来减轻现代的压力

[C]develop new modes of expression 开发出新的表达方式

[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs 避免使用形容词和动词

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 根据题干，我们无法定位到任何一段，只能通过具体的选项来做具体的判断。[A]选项错误，文中并没有提到要加大文学的产出，虽然文中提到“如果我们想解释现代社会的压力，就必须加快文学的速度。”但是这句话的意思不是要加大文学的产出，而是加快文学的节奏。[B]选项错误，因为文中在提到压力的时候，只是说“解释”(interpret)压力，而没有说用诗歌来减轻现代的压力。[D]选项错误，文中提到形容词和动词的地方是第二段“我们必须大量使用基本词汇，不受句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的限制”这一句。但是并没有说避免使用形容词和动词。[C]选项“开发出新的表达方式”这个说法合适，因为文中第二段提到“未来主义者声称，这种加速的生活需要一种新的表达方式”。

22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____. 作者相信未来派诗歌是_____。

[A]based on reasonable principles 根据合理的原则

[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people 对普通人而言是新的可接受的

[C]indicative of basic change in human nature 显示出人性中基本的变化

[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature

与其说是文学不如说是一种暂时的现象

【答案】 D

【考点】 中心主旨题。

【分析】 在本文最后一段，作者说“没有一个善于思考的人会拒绝接受他们的首要主张，即情感生活的巨大变化要求表达方式也随之变化。实际问题是：我们发生了根本的变化吗?”这个问题实际上就已经否定了未来主义者的首要主张，即他们对历史和现实的认识是不正确的，所以其理论根据是站不住脚的。所以说未来派诗歌并没有稳定的理论基础，只是一个暂时的现象。

难句解析：

1. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal。

【结构分析】 本句可以分为两个部分，“for”为分界词。在前半部分中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是“to”引导的不定式短语，这个短语中又出现了一个宾语从句。“when”引导一个状语从句，表示时间。后半句中“it”仍然是形式主语，“that”引导一个主语从句。“however”引导一个让步状语从句。

2. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature。

【结构分析】 本句是一个因果关系的并列句。前一个分句的主句是“the case is rather difficult”，其中“however”表示此句与上一句之间是转折关系;原因为“for”之后的部分，其中破折号之间的部分是插入语，表示一种让步，“on which it is based”是“the theory”的定语从句，“it”指代“Futurist poetry”。

3. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river―and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms。”

【结构分析】 本句“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to read”及后面的宾语从句和“to find”及其后面的宾语从句。“read”的宾语从句是“that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river”;“find”的宾语从句是“that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: Pluff! Pluff! A hundred an

1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及解析

2.考研英语二真题答案解析

3.考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析

4.考研英语阅读理解真题试题及解析

5.考研英语真题阅读理解真题及答案

6.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案

7.2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案

8.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析

9.考研英语阅读理解真题试题

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析 第3篇

2009年江苏各地中考英语阅读理解试题较之于往年, 在命题的水准上又有了程度不同的提高, 并具有以下几个特点:

1.命题更加符合《英语课程标准 (实验稿) 》所提出的“培养学生综合运用语言的能力”这一要求, 既考查了学生的综合语篇分析能力, 又考查了学生的英语阅读微技能 (如:根据语境, 考查学生推测生词词义的能力;通过在题干中对阅读语篇中的话语进行保持原意的表达调整, 考查学生用不同的表达方式表达同一意思的话语表达能力;等等) 。

2.语篇长度较之于往年明显加长, 这就对学生的读题与解题速度及语篇阅读策略提出了更高要求。

3.语篇涉及的内容多与英语文化、学生的英语学习与生活、自然与生命科学、科普读物、人文社会科学、异域民族风俗及其文化内涵、人物简介和故事等方面有关。

4.在解题要求上, 约50%的试题都可以直接从语篇中找到答案;约20%的试题需要考生经过正向、逆向推导, 或逐一排除与语篇表述事实不符的选项, 才能间接得出正确答案;约15%的试题 (南京市的试题在这方面的比重尤其大) 需要考生经过对语篇段落或整体语篇进行综合分析, 才能得出正确答案;约10%的试题需要考生对上下文进行逻辑推理, 才能推导出生词的词义。

5.图、表形式的语篇阅读的数量较之于往年有所下降, 且对图、表语篇的阅读也不再仅仅依赖于观察图、表, 而更多依赖于深读语篇, 甄别图、表。

6.“任务型阅读”在一些省辖市的试题中不仅有所体现, 而且难度有所加大, 这大概也是主动应对初中英语教育与高中英语教育的衔接之举。

二、学习建议

基于以上分析, 笔者建议初三学生在平时的英语学习中要注意以下几点:

1.要拓宽英语阅读的面, 即要阅读不同题材、不同体裁的英语语篇, 真正做到广泛阅读。

2.要加强英语阅读策略的学习和训练, 提高语篇阅读理解的速度。尤其在平时的阅读中, 不能因为遇到个别生词或生疏的句式结构就中途停下来, 去查阅辞书或语法书, 而要努力根据上下文, 结合具体语境对其加以猜测、推断和理解。

3.英语阅读理解能力既不能脱离英语阅读训练来培养, 也不能仅仅靠其来培养。须知, 阅读理解能力只是英语语言运用能力的一个方面, 而英语语言能力才是基础。如果不夯实英语语言能力这个基础, 那么像南京市试题的第35题、无锡市试题的第34题、苏州市试题的第31题 (详见后文例析) , 考生是很难答对的。

4.“任务型阅读”是中考英语阅读理解试题命题的一个创新。这个创新, 由于具有对学生综合语言运用能力考查的绝对信度优势, 具有强大的生命力。因此, 笔者以为, 这一题型今后将会在更大范围内普及。这一题型难度相对较大, 得分率较低, 因此, 加强和重点突出“任务型阅读”训练, 对初三学生而言, 乃是当务之急。

三、典型试题解析 (保留原题号)

(一) 南京市2009年中考卷阅读理解B

Last July, my 12-year-old car died on California’s Santa Freeway.It was an hour before sunset, and I was 25 miles from home.I couldn’t reach anyone to pick me up, so I decided to take a bus.Not knowing the routes, I thought I’d just go east.

A bus stopped.I got on and asked the driver how far she was going.“Ten more miles, ”she said.There was another bus I could take from there.This clearly was going to be a long night.

I got off at the end of the route and she told me which bus to look for.After waiting 30 minutes, I began to think about a very expensive taxi ride home.Then a bus came up.There was no lighted number above its windshield.It was out of service, but the door opened.It was the same driver.

“I just can’t leave you here, ”she said.“This isn’t the nicest place.I will give you a ride home.”

“You will drive me home on the bus?”I asked, astonished.

“No, I will take you in my car, ”she said.

“It’s a long way, ”I insisted.

“Come on, ”she said.“I have nothing else to do.”

As we drove from the station in the car, she began telling me a story.A few days earlier, her brother had run out of gas.A good man picked him up, took him to a service station and then back to his car.“I’m just passing the favor (善意的行为) along, ”she said.

When I offered her money as a thank-you, she wouldn’t accept.“Just do something nice for somebody.Pass it along, ”she said.

31.There was something wrong with the writer’s car.

A.late at night

B.early in the morning

C.an hour before sunset

D.thirty minutes after sunset

32.The writer changed his mind after waiting 30 minutes because.

A.he became impatient and a bit worried

B.a taxi ride would be more comfortable

C.he knew the driver would never return

D.the bus driver had given him wrong information

33.The bus driver drove the writer home later because.

A.her brother had told her to do so

B.she wanted to earn more money

C.she happened to go in the same direction

D.she wanted to do something good for others

34.The underlined word“astonished”in the passage probably means.

A.surprised

B.grateful

C.happy

D.angry

35.The bus driver hoped that the writer.

A.would drive someone home

B.would help someone in need

C.would keep her in memory

D.would give the money to others

参考答案与难题解析

答案:CADAB。

第32题的解题可通过对语篇中的“I began to think about a very expensive taxi ride home.”这句话的语义分析, 推断正确选项。

第33题的解题可通过对语篇中公交司机讲述的她兄弟受助于人的事情和“I’m just passing the favor along.”这句话的语义做综合分析, 推断正确选项。

第34题的词义推测的关键有两个。一是故事情节, 作者与公交司机素不相识, 对其善意的行为自然感到“吃惊”;二是“You will drive me home on the bus?”这句话的句式结构和语义也支持选项A。

(二) 无锡市2009年中考卷阅读理解B

About ten men in every hundred suffer from colour blindness in some way.Women are luckier.Only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter.So some people say it is safer to be driven by women.

There are different forms of colour blindness.In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red.He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades (色调) of green.Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green.In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of greena strange world indeed.

Colour blindness in humans is a strange thing to explain.In our eyes there are millions of very small things called“cones”.These help us to see in a bright light and to tell differences between colours.There are also millions of“rods”, but these are used for seeing when it is nearly dark.They show us shapes but no colour.

Some insects have favourite colours.Mosquitoes (蚊子) like blue but do not like yellow.A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will.In a similar way humans also have favourite colours.Yet we are lucky.With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colours by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night.One day we may even learn more about the invisible (看不见的) colours around us.

29.With the help of the cones, we can.

A.see in a weak light

B.tell different shapes

C.kill mosquitoes

D.tell orange from yellow

30.Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women?

A.Women are more careful.

B.There are fewer colour-blind women.

C.All of them see everything in shades of green.

D.None of them has trouble in recognizing (识别) colours.

31.This passage is mainly about.

A.colour and its surprising effects

B.danger caused by colour blindness

C.colour blindness

D.the invisible colours around us

参考答案与难题解析

答案:DBC。

第29题, 根据第三段中的“These help us to see in a bright light and to tell differences between colours.”这句话选择D, 因为“tell differences between...”即“tell...from...”的意思。

第31题考查的是学生的语篇概括能力。A、B、D三个选项不是片面, 就是文中未提及, 均不能涵盖全文。

(三) 常州市2009年中考卷阅读理解B

Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce a child’s chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows.It challenges (挑战) the belief that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.

The Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is good for people’s eyes.They compared the vision (视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia.In all, 30%of the Singaporean children were shortsightedthis rate (比率) was ten times higher than Australian children.

Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games.However, the Australian children spent an average (平均) of two hours a day outdoors90 minutes more than the Singaporean children.

Professor (教授) Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council’s Vision Centre, said, “Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger.We’re also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the worldand the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors.”

Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light.But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted?Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical (化学物质) which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people becoming short-sighted.

So be outdoors.It doesn’t matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports.

24.How much time did the Singaporean children spend outdoors on average every day in the research?

A.2 hours.

B.90 minutes.

C.1 hour.

D.30 minutes.

25.What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A.Why people become short-sighted.

B.Why natural light has a special chemical.

C.Why playing outside is good for one’s eyesight.

D.Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.

26.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.People will all become short-sighted after they begin to go to school.

B.Playing outdoors for 2 or 3 hours every day can help protect your eyesight.

C.Children in Australia are more likely to get short-sighted than those in Singapore.

D.If you spend two or three hours playing outside each day, you won’t get short-sighted.

参考答案与难题解析

答案:DCB。

第24题的解答需要通过简单计算得出结论。“However, the Australian children spent an average of two hours a day outdoors90 minutes more than the Singaporean children.”这句话表明, 澳大利亚孩子平均户外活动时间为两小时, 比新加坡孩子平均户外活动时间多90分钟, 那么新加坡孩子平均户外活动时间应为30分钟。

第25题考查的是学生的段落概括能力。在概括段落大意时要注意一点, 即一个段落开头的话语往往就是该段落的主题。“But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted?”这句话开启了整个段落。

第26题考查的是学生的整体语篇概括能力。根据语篇, 上学行为并不直接导致学生近视, “spend little or no time outdoors”才是真正原因, 因此选项A是错的;选项C与事实不符;选项D的这一说法不仅绝对, 而且文中未提及。

(四) 常州市2009年中考卷阅读理解D

I was in line waiting to pay.In line there were two people before me.A little boy was buying some rather strange clothes.He chatted with anyone who was interested in the clothes and soon we learnt that he was going to a kindergarten (幼儿园) party.He had done a great job of putting together interesting costumes.

I noticed that the little boy was paying mostly with change (零钱) .It seemed that he had robbed his pig bank (猪形储蓄罐) to do this shopping.However, the cashier told him he was short after counting all the money.The boy thought for a moment and said, “Please keep the shirt and I will come back with more money.”

It was clear that he had already used all the money he had and he was$8.00short.The lady in front of me said, “Well, I could pay half of that.”I told the boy that I could pay the other half.We dug into our handbags.However, both of us only had ten-dollar bills (纸币) and we needed the cashier to get the change for us.Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change.It was amazing and touching as all these strangers seemed to react (反应) with the same mind.All wanted to be of help.Within minutes the cashier said, “I have too much money.”The cashier didn’t need our ten-dollar bills.Then the lady in front of me, who had been the first to offer help, said, “Wait!I didn’t even get a chance to give anything!”

I smiled at her and said, “You did your share, because it was your idea and you started all this.”The little boy smiled and thanked us.We wished him the best and he left.I was left with a good feeling.I had seen the love and goodness of others all around me.The woman in front of me smiled and said, “It sure feels good to give, doesn’t it?”I smiled back and said, “Yes!”

30.What is this passage mainly about?

A.Love and goodness.

B.Culture and tradition.

C.Friendship and honesty.

D.Communication and understanding.

31.Why did the writer and the woman both feel glad?

A.Because the boy had saved some money.

B.Because they both didn’t need to give anything.

C.Because the cashier didn’t look down on the boy.

D.Because all the shoppers around were willing to help the boy.

32.What does the underlined word“touching”most probably mean?

A.令人感动的

B.令人难过的

C.令人失望的

D.令人害怕的

33.What’s the correct order of the following events?

a.The cashier got enough money for the boy’s shirt.

b.The cashier counted the boy’s money.

c.The shoppers looked for some change in their pockets.

d.The boy went to the line to pay.

A.b, a, c, d

B.b, c, a, d

C.d, b, c, a

D.d, c, a, b

参考答案与难题解析

答案:ADAC。

第30题考查的是学生的语篇综合分析能力。通过语篇分析可以看出, 这篇短文与“文化传统”“友谊诚实”“交际理解”无关, 讲的就是“爱心与善举”。

第32题的解题一是要结合“touching”所在的语境加以理解, 二是要注意这里的表达结构, 即“It was amazing and touching”, 而不是“It was amazing but...”。因此, 从语篇分析的角度来看, “touching”所在语境的语义与“amazing”所在语境的语义一定是相一致的, 而B、C、D的意思与“amazing”所在语境的语义都是相背的。

(五) 连云港市2009年中考卷阅读理解A

There are many idioms (习语) in English that are about animals.Today let’s chat a little about some of the idioms about dogs that make English language fun and colorful.

We love dogs;they are our best friends.When you first started to learn English, your teacher might teach you a number of phrases about dogs, such as:“you are a lucky dog, ”“I’m dog tired, ”“every dog has its day, ”or“our team was the underdog but won the first place at last.”

When I first got into high school, my English teacher used the idiom“dogear”, which interested me very much.This word can be used a noun, a verb, and an adjective as well.As a noun, it means a turned-down (折叠的) corner of a page as a bookmark (书签) .As a verb, it means someone makes a bookmark by turning down the corner of a page in the book.And, as an adjective, the word describes an old book with many broken pages.Examples:

John made a dog-ear (noun) of the page he was reading before closing the book.

Jane was reading a book;when the telephone rang, she dog-eared (verb) the page before answering the phone.

In the old room, the children found some dog-eared (adjective) books left there for more than 30 years.

The idiom“dog-ear”gives a lively image of a page being turned down like acurled (卷起来的) dog ear, but some dogs don’t have curled ears;rather, they have pointed (竖起来的) ears.

31.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A.Idioms about colors

B.Idioms about history

C.Idioms about animals

D.Idioms about dogs

32.How many idioms about dogs are mentioned (提及) in this passage?

A.3

B.4

C.5

D.6

33.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the meaning of the idiom“dog-ear”?

A.It means a turned-down corner of a page as a bookmark.

B.It means someone makes a bookmark by turning down the corner of a page in the book.

C.It means an old book with many broken pages

D.It means something is short and small like a dog’s ear.

参考答案与难题解析

答案:DCD.

第33题的解题需要考生根据语篇内容对各选项加以甄别。“As a noun, it means a turned-down corner of a page as a bookmark.”这句话不支持选项A, “As a verb, it means someone makes a bookmark by turning down the corner of a page in the book.”这句话不支持选项B, “And, as an adjective, the word describes an old book with many broken pages.”这句话不支持选项C。在这个语篇中根本就没有选项D这一表述, 所以应该剔除。

(六) 宿迁市2009年中考卷“任务型阅读”试题

阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填写表格 (每空限填一词) 。

One of the most well-known directors of our time is Stephen Spielberg.He was born in Cincinnati on 18 December 1946.His father was an electric engineer and his mother was a performing pianist.His sister, Anne Spielberg, became a screenwriter who wrote the stories for many famous films.

Stephen had always wanted to be a director ever since he was a young boy.When he was just 13 years old, he made a 40-minute film.It won a local competition.Three years later, he produced a film called Firelight, which made one hundred dollars’profit at the cinema in his hometown.Many of the ideas from thisfilm were later used for one of his most famous films called Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

When he was 18 years old, he wanted to go to film school so that he could improve his skills and become an even better director.Unluckily, he was unsuccessful in getting a place at this school so he went to a university in California to study English.Even though he had failed to get into the school he wanted to go to, he didn’t let this stop him following his dream to become a great director.

Stephen Spielberg has directed many films since his first major film in 1976.He now owns many different businesses, most of which are involved in the film industry.

参考答案与难题解析

答案:was born;40-minute, won;Firelight, ideas;1964, failed;directed/made/produced, first。

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析 第4篇

Part A：传统阅读

Part A部分主要包括四篇传统阅读文章，笔者将从文章来源、解题原则和题型分析三个方面对这一部分进行讲解和评析。

文章来源

纵观历年考研英语传统阅读部分的真题，考生可以发现，这些阅读篇章通常来源于英美报刊的网站，例如《经济学人》(The Economist)、《新闻周刊》(Newsweek)、《时代周刊》(Time)以及《美国新闻与世界报道》(US News and World Report)等。所选的这些文章一般是近几年发表的，选题多是考生熟悉的人文科学、社会科学等，并不回避社会热点。

在本次考试中，Text 1选自《时代周刊》2011年4月的一篇文章，原文题目为“Herd Mentality”，主要谈论的是从众心理，属于社会生活类文章。Text 2选自Boston.com网站2011年4月的一篇文章，原文题目为“Vermont Yankee Plant’s Owner Must Honor Its Own Promises”，主要谈论的是美国某能源公司违背承诺的事，属于商业经济类文章。Text 3选自《科学家》(The Scientist) 2011年2月的一篇文章，原文题目为“The Evolution of Credibility”，全文围绕科学发现的可信性的证实过程这一话题展开论述，属于科普类文章。Text 4选自《经济学人》2011年3月的一篇文章，原文题目为“Enemies of Progress”，主要讲述了工会阻碍公共部门改革的问题，属于社会生活类文章。

在备考过程中，考生可以从著名的英文报刊网站上选择一些与考试中出现的篇幅相仿(400～500词左右)、话题类似的文章进行阅读练习，提前熟悉文章的语言风格、行文难度、思维逻辑和论述方法，这样在考试时就不会感觉陌生了。

解题原则

在本次的传统阅读部分，考生可以按照以往的解题思路答题：运用关键词定位原则和同义替换原则。下面我们逐一解析。

解题前——关键词定位原则

在解答传统阅读题目时，很多考生喜欢先细读文章，再去看题目，认为只有这样答题时才觉得心里有底。但由于个别词句和段落较难理解，运用这种方法的考生往往会迷失在阅读篇章的过程中，最后的结果是没有抓住文章中的重点信息，答题正确率也不高。在答题前，笔者建议考生先看题目，根据题目中的关键词回原文定位答案区域，即运用关键词定位原则。出题者在设置题干时通常会使用一些关键词，这些词是考生回原文寻找正确答案的线索，可以帮助考生找到答案出处。关键词通常包括明显的段落提示词、专有名词、数字、核心动词、时间等。考生可以利用关键词迅速回原文定位答案区域。例如，此次考试中，Text 2讲述的是新英格兰一家公司购买了核电站后，不遵守核能源的一些相关规定而引发的争议。考生在解答与文章对应的第26题至第30题时，就可以利用reneging on (Line 3, Para.1)、the 2002 agreement、Paragraph 4、the Vermont case、the last paragraph等题干关键词依次而下地将答案信息定位至原文第一、三、四、五和最后一段中。明确了每道题的答案区域之后，考生在解题时就不会再受到其他无关信息的干扰，可以通过仔细阅读答案所在的段落或区域，把原文内容与选项逐一对比，进行解题。

解题时——同义替换原则

考生在解题过程中要注意，出题者在设置正确选项时都是以原文内容为基础的，有的是选项直接用原文词句，有的是对原文句式进行了改写，但更多的是运用改写的方法对原文进行了同义替换，以增加试题的难度。因此，考生解题时首先要把握住原文句子的基本含义，然后在四个选项中寻找与原文内容一致的信息。下面我们以本次考试Text 3中的第31题为例进行具体分析。

例：According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its _________.

[A] uncertainty and complexity

[B] misconception and deceptiveness

[C] logicality and objectivity

[D] systematicness and regularity

解析：根据题干关键词first paragraph和the process of discovery，考生很容易在文章第一段中找到该题的答案区域，即原文第一段第二句话：“But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.”通过把原文和四个选项对比，考生可以发现，原文中的ambiguous and complicated与选项A中的uncertainty and complexity属同义替换，所以选项A为正确答案。

但此处笔者要提醒考生注意一点，出题人在设置选项时也会设置一些看似但并非是同义替换的干扰选项，给考生的答题造成一定难度，比如加大或缩小原文所述概念的范围。这就需要考生仔细对照选项与原文，谨慎答题。

题型分析

按照考研英语大纲的要求，传统阅读部分主要考查以下六种题型：细节题、主旨题、猜词题、态度题、推断题、例证题。虽然考查的题型众多，但是笔者提醒考生在备考过程中要分清主次，练习时应以细节题为主，其他题型只要能掌握大致的答题方法即可，因为其他题型的出题量很少。此次考试也印证了传统阅读部分仍以考查细节题为主的出题思路。

细节题主要考查考生对文中事实信息的理解和掌握，是考试中出现次数最多的题型。细节题有难有易，对于较容易的题目，考生可以根据题干关键词回原文定位答案区域，然后根据原文相关句子直接得出正确答案；对于较难的题目，考生需在回原文定位答案区域后，再根据原文内容进行推断，得出正确答案。正确解答这类题的关键是考生要耐心和细心。笔者在此提醒各位考生，备考时一定要把单词和句法复习透彻，以防因不认识个别词或看不清句式结构而导致失分过多。在本次Text 1后所给的五道题目中，前四题均为细节题，只有最后一题为态度题。接下来，我们以Text 1的一道细节题为例来具体分析。

例：In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to ________.

[A] adequately probe social and biological factors

[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

[C] illustrate the functions of state funding

[D] produce a long-lasting social effect

解析：根据题干关键词Rosenberg’s book，考生可将该题的答案区域定位至文章第四段第二句：“Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.”通过将原文和四个选项对比，考生可以发现，题干中的fails to是对原文not enough的同义替换，选项A中的probe是对原文exploration的同义替换，原文中的social and biological factors在选项A中原词复现。所以，本题正确答案为选项A。

Part B：新题型

考研英语阅读理解Part B部分主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。该部分题型有如下三种，每年出题者会从中选取一种进行考查。

①选择搭配题(7选5)：出题者给出一篇总长度为500～600词的文章，其中有五处空白，要求考生根据文章内容，从文后所给出的6～7段文字中选择恰当的五段填入原文空白处。

②段落排序题：出题者给出一篇长约500～600词的文章，文章各段落的原有顺序被打乱，要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落(7～8段)重新排序。

③标题对应题：在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6～7个概括句或小标题，分别是对文章中某一部分的概括或阐述，要求考生根据文章内容从中选出最恰当的五个填入文章的空白处。

考研英语阅读理解继2005年开始考查新题型以来，选择搭配题(7选5)被考查的次数最多，段落排序题次之，标题对应题考查次数最少。2012年考研英语阅读理解新题型考的就是选择搭配题(7选5)。对于如何快速、正确地解答选择搭配题(7选5)，笔者建议考生可以遵循以下步骤。

第一步，快速浏览全文，把握文章大致内容。

考生在阅读新题型文章时，一定要注意文章首段和全文重点词句(一些专有名词、段首句或段尾句)，通过首段和重点词句判断文章的大意。如果考生在短时间内无法掌握文章所讲的要点，理不清文章的整体结构，不知道文章的主旨大意是什么，那最好不要再重新阅读，以免浪费时间，此时建议考生边做题边阅读原文。就2012年的新题型来说，出题者所选的文章内容通俗易懂，结构也比较清晰。文章选自《新科学家》(New Scientist) 2011年7月的一篇题为“How Computers Can Cure Cultural Diabetes”的文章，主要讲的是计算机改变人们被动消费的趋势，属于社会生活类文章。

第二步，利用句间关系解题。

在解题过程中，考生要重点阅读原文空白处附近的句子，并在原文圈定关键的线索词(包括名词、动词、连词、代词等)，最后从各选项中寻找在内容和语法结构上都与原文衔接合理的选项，确定答案。

第三步，回原文检查，验证所选答案。

得出答案后，考生需将答案放回到原文中，通读全文，检查所选答案是否与文章主题一致，从而验证所选答案是否正确。

下面我们以2012年新题型第41题为例来具体分析。

例：The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labor to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. 41

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析 第5篇

In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of difference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite。” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act。” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization。

Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage。

The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well’ or very well’ after ten years of residence。” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families。” Hence the deion of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By foreignCborn immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans。

Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.Cborn whites and blacks。” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of AsianCAmerican women are married to non-Asians。

Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power。”

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment。

21. The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

[A] identifying. [B] associating. [C] assimilating. [D] monopolizing。

22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century

[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture。

[B] became intimate shops for common consumers。

[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite。

[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption。

23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S。

[A] are resistant to homogenization。

[B] exert a great influence on American culture。

[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture。

[D] constitute the majority of the population。

24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

[A] To prove their popularity around the world。

[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants。

[C] To give examples of successful immigrants。

[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture。

25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

[A] rewarding. [B] successful. [C]. fruitless. [D]. harmful。

名师解析

21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

“homogenizing”(第一段第二行)一词的大致意思是

[A] identifying. 识别 确认 [B] associating. 联系，联合

[C] assimilating. 吸收，同化 [D] monopolizing. 独占，垄断

【答案】 C

【考点】 词义题。

【分析】 本题的答案直接可以定位到第一句话。文章说“尽管人们不停地谈论差异”，用到了表示转折的“in spite of”，后面显然就是与前面的意思相反了。差异的反面自然是相同。如果考生没有把握，只要继续读两句，就会发现作者描述的都是一个同化了的社会的特征。而“homogenize”这个单词，如果从词根来分析，也不难判断。“homo”表示相同的，比如同性恋就是“homosexual”，而“homogenize”的原意就是“使均匀，均质化”，所以只有[C]“assimilate”这个单词合适。“assimilate”的本意是“吸收，消化”，后引申为“使相同、使相象”，以及“把(移民或文化出色的群体)同化到盛行的文化中”。[A]“identify”一般表示对身份的“识别，确认”，不合题意。[B]“associate”表示“联系，联合”，不合题意。[D]“monopolize”(独占， 垄断)，这个单词由“mono(单一)+pole(极)”构成，用在本处意思不符合。

22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th-century

在作者看来，19世纪的商场

[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture. 在传播流行文化方面发挥了作用。

[B] became intimate shops for common consumers. 成为了和普通消费者关系亲密的商店。

[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. 满足了知识精英的需要。

[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 其出现归功于消费文化。

【答案】 A

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 题干关键词“department stores”出现在第一段第三句，该句子的意思是“人们沉迷于一种始于19世纪的商场的消费文化”。随后进一步解释说“商场和那些精品店不一样，是人人都可以去的，购物变成了一种民主和公众的活动”。也就是说，商场对于流行文化的传播起到了推动的作用，故[A]为本题的正确答案。[B]的错误在于它故意将那些迎合精英人士的精品店与其顾客的那种亲密的关系用在商场与普通消费者的关系上。[C]的错误在于商场满足的是普通大众的需要，而不是那些知识精英的需要。至于[D]，它故意颠倒了因果关系，商场的出现推动了流行文化的发展，而并不是流行文化导致了商场的出现。而且作者在这一段结束的时候，还提到，其它的一些推动流行文化发展的`因素还有大众传媒、广告以及运动业。

23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S。

本文暗示现在美国的移民

[A] are resistant to homogenization. 对于同化是抵制的。

[B] exert a great influence on American culture. 对美国文化施加了很大的影响。

[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对大众文化几乎没有威胁。

[D] constitute the majority of the population. 占人口大多数。

【答案】 C

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 题干中出现了“immigrant”这个关键单词，就是告诉考生，本题解题的关键是和移民相关的内容。只有阅读完相关的内容，才有可能正确答对本题。“immigrant”可以定位到第二段。文章说“移民正在快速适应这个大众文化”。第二句就引用记者的话说“如今的移民既未达到前所未有的水平，而且也不抵制同化”。这样一来，就可以排除[A]。后面提到美国移民的人口比率只有百分之几，显然不可能是人口的大多数，因此[D]“移民占人口大多数”可以被我们排除。不但人数不占优势，所占比率还在缩小，因此，可以说[C]“对大众文化几乎没有威胁”是合适的。至于[B]项，文中没有提及。但是考虑到人数这么少，对美国施加巨大的影响一说就不太现实了。

24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

第五段中为什么提到阿诺德・施瓦辛格和葛斯・布鲁克斯?

[A] To prove their popularity around the world. 为了证明他们在全球都很受欢迎。

[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. 为了表明公众对移民的恐惧。

[C] To give examples of successful immigrants. 为了举出成功移民的范例。

[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture. 为了展示美国文化的强大影响。

考研英语一阅读理解真题题材解析 第6篇

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves。

There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers。” But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions。

Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now。

Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research―a classic case of “paralysis by analysis。”

To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound。

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death。

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life。

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense。

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

[A] a protector。

[B] a judge。

[C] a critic。

[D] a guide。

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?

[A] Endless studies kill action。

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth。

[C] Prudent planning hinders progress。

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making。

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants。

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation。

[C] Press for further scientific research。

[D] Take some legislative measures。

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence。

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former。

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former。

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse。

名师解析

26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

吸烟的支持者提出的观点是

[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death。

没有科学证据证明吸烟和死亡之间存在相互联系。

[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant。

在过去的几十年中过早死亡的吸烟者人数不多。

[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life。

人们有选择自己生活方式的自由。

[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense。

反对吸烟的人通常一派胡言。

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 从第一段可以看出，其实支持吸烟的人的理由不止一个，比如证据不够充分，科学也不能确定，反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式等等。[A]选项是出题人故意扩大范围，夸大选项，故意绝对化，原文只是证据不足，而不是没有证据。[B]选项说死亡人数不多，而原文提到的“1,000万”可不是小数字。[D]选项不符合的原因是作者说支持吸烟的人的话是“nonsense”(一派胡言)，而不是反对吸烟的人的话。

27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as

根据布鲁斯・阿尔伯特的观点，科学能充当

[A] a protector. 保护人。 [B] a judge. 评判人、法官。

[C] a critic. 批评者。 [D] a guide. 向导。

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 文章第二段第四句中有这样的话“科学从来都不能够提供所有的答案，但是科学却能够为我们提供通向未来的最佳引导”。

28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?

作者通过“分析性瘫痪症”(第四段最后一行)表达什么意思?

[A] Endless studies kill action. 无穷尽的研究遏制了行动。

[B] Careful investigation reveals truth. 详细的研究揭示了真理。

[C] Prudent planning hinders. 谨慎的计划阻碍了进展。

[D] Extensive research helps decision-making. 广泛的研究帮助决策。

【答案】 A

【考点】 上下文暗示题。

【分析】 文章第四段说“白宫已经开始关注此事，但是总统顾问中的许多人仍然没有认真对待地球变暖问题，他们不但没有制定行动计划，反而继续要求进行更多的研究――这是典型的分析性麻痹症’”。也就是总统顾问中的许多人通过分析、研究来拖延行动。所以这里应该选择[A]。

29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?

根据本文作者的看法，政府对全球变暖应该做些什么?

[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants. 提供帮助，建造更加清洁的电厂。

[B] Raise public awareness of conservation. 提高公众的环保意识。

[C] Press for further scientific research. 敦促更进一步的科学研究。

[D] Take some legislative measures. 采取一些立法的措施。

【答案】 D

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 文章的最后一段里面提到“只有研究是不够的，如果政府不采取法律行动，国会应该开始制定保护措施。”[A]选项很具有干扰性，因为原文中出现了“电厂”的概念，这是出题人根据文章最后两句话“很多人看见国家正在做好准备来修建大量的电厂来满足我们的.能源需求。但是如果我们要保护我们的大气，这些电厂必须是环保的。”来编写的干扰项，采取环保措施是“国会”(congress)做的。[B]选项说政府应该提高公众的环保意识，这一点文章没有提到。[C]选项是显然不对的，因为上文刚说光有研究是不够的。只有[D]选项采取立法措施是“政府”(administration)应该做的。

30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because

作者把全球变暖和吸烟联系在一起是因为

[A] they both suffered from the government’s negligence。

它们二者都被政府忽视。

[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former。

从后者吸取的教训适用于前者。

[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former。

后者的结果恶化了前者。

[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse。

它们二者都已经日益恶化。

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。