电大学位英语考试词汇

电大学位英语考试词汇（精选6篇）

电大学位英语考试词汇 第1篇

一、语音题

电大会计学位英语之1语音题

一、语音题。(划线部分发音与其他三个不同的)

按字母顺序排列：

Aa：

1、Cc：

2、B.Ee：

3、A.B.D.4、5、B.6、Gg：

7、A.(g的发音)B.C.D.8、Ii：

9、A.B.10、A.Oo：

11、A.B.C.D.12、A.B.C.D.13、14、15、16、17、18、A.B.C.19、A.B.C.D.（food）

Ss：

20、Tt：

21、A.B.C.D.22、1.B2C3D4C5A6A7A8B9D10A

11A12D13D14B15A16A17D18B19D20C21A22A

一、语音题

电大学位英语考试词汇 第2篇

2011.11.05

PartⅠReading Comprehension（30%）

Directions： There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage：

The reflective towers of New York City，which is on the Atlantic migrating（迁徙的）route，can be deadly for birds.“We live in an age of glass，” said Ms.Laurel，an architect.（76）“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.” About 90，000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year.Often，they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks.Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds，after habitat（栖息地）loss，with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year.（77）As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade，so，too，have calls to make them less deadly to birds.San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July.The United States Green Building Council，a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings，will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process.There are no easy fixes，however.A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet（紫外线的）signals，but they are still in their infancy.Covers，dot patterns，shades and net are the main options available.Often，only one section of a building needs to be changed.“You don‘t necessarily have to treat every window，” Ms.Laurel said.“It would be too expensive to do the whole building.” The Jacob Convention Center，which has been undergoing alterations，is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes.The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns.1.What is the main idea of the passage？

A.New York is a city of glass towers.B.Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds.C.New York adopted new safety standards for buildings.D.Glass towers are a new trend in the United States.2.What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds？

A.Climate change

B.Habitat loss

C.Lack of food

D.Crashing into buildings.innovation can really be taught is “an age-old argument”

6.When Google and Facebook were established，the founders were still_____.A.in high school

B.in the army

C.in primary school

D.at college

7.According to the passage，what is the main purpose of entrepreneurship education？

A.To prepare students for future academic life

B.To prepare students to find opportunities and seize them.C.To prepare students for overseas career.D.To prepare student to develop interpersonal skills.8.The word “prototype” in the fourth paragraph is most likely to mean_____.A.model

B.strategy

C.method

D.stage

9.What does Daniel S.Grennberg think of entrepreneurship education？

A.Entrepreneurship，or at least certain elements of it，can be taught.B.An entrepreneurship program can help students find what they really like and entrepreneurship isn„t all about business.C.Entrepreneurship should be spread across different fields.D.Colleges shouldn„t put too much emphasis on entrepreneurship programs.10.What is the main idea of the passage？

A.Entrepreneurship courses in business schools.B.Qualities of an entrepreneur.C.Entrepreneurship education in colleges.D.Kids in the information age.Passage 3

Question 11 to 15 are based on the following passage：

Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear，and it can be nearly as powerful.So，in a new paper，two researchers set about trying to find out what the typical American regrets most.In telephone surveys，Neal Rose，a psychologist and professor of marketing at the School of Management at Northwestern Universtiy，and Mike Morrison，a doctoral candidate in psychology at University of Illinois，asked 370 Americans，aged 19 to 103，to talk about their most notable regret.Participants were asked what the regret was，when it happened，whether it was a result of something they did or didn‘t do，and whether it was something that could still be fixed.

B.Common regrets is more important than love and hate.C.Why regret is more important than love and hate.D.How regret has shaped Americans.PartⅡ

Vocabulary and Structure（30%）

Directions： In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16.Mr Smith is coming to visit us soon.We„d better get everything ready before he _______.A.arrives

B.arrive

C.will arrive

D.arrived

17._______yesterday，you would have met Professor Jones.But now he has left for London.A.Did you come

B.Had you come

C.Should you come

D.Were you to come

18.The man denied_____ into the neighbor„s garden and ______his cow.A.going……stealing

B.going…stole

C.went…stealing

D.went…stole

19.Ted worked like a horse in his youth，______contributed to his great success later as a businessman.A.that

B.who

C.what

D.which

20.A few hours ago，a small suitcase with some important papers _______ stolen from the general manager‘s office.A.is

B.are

C.were

D.was

21.______ on the New World，he felt like crying.A.land

B.Landed

C.To land

D.Having landed

36.The scientists are trying to find out the facts to _______ their theory.A.support

B.carry

C.design

D.raise

37.The performance of the English team was ________.They played much worse than expected.A.disappoint

B.disappointing

C.disappointed

D.to disappoint

38.You are welcome to order the goods now.But payment should be made________.A.for advance

B.from advance

C.in advance

D.to advance

39.Speak louder so that you can make yourself _______.A.heard

B.to hear

C.hearing

D.have been heard

40.Now it won‘t be long before we meet again，________？

A.will it

B.do we

C.won„t we

D.does it

41.Americans eat______ vegetables per person today as they did in the 1960s.A.more than twice

B.as twice many

C.twice as many

D.more than twice as many

42.I was so familiar with her that I recognized her voice ______ I picked up the phone.A.the moment

B.since

C.before

D.while

43.The education of ________ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.A./，/

B.the，a

C./，the

D.the，the

44.Dad wondered where I‘d been，and I ________ a story about being at Grandma’s

A.made out

B.made up

C.looked out

D.looked up

45.Your sister doesn„t study as _______ as you do.A.hard

B.hardly

C.harder

D.hardest

PartⅢ Identification（10%）

Directions： Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A，B，C and D.Identify the one that is not correct.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46.No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.A

B

C

D

47.As a graduate from high school，Tom is faced with three choices： attending college，finding a

A

B

C

Information on the Internet has made it easier for thieves to steal any information about you.Never 71 your full birth date.Never respond to e-mails 72 personal or financial information.Do not freely offer personal information to anyone 73 you are certain who you are dealing with.74 the necessary precautions（预防措施）is the best way to 75 you and your personal information stay protected.56.A.effect

B.effort

C.labor

D.matter

57.A.proud

B.true

C.honest

D.creative

58.A.accounts

B.records

C.directions

D.collections

59.A.complex

B.careful

C.diligent

D.elastic

60.A.away

B.on

C.out

D.in

61.A.respond

B.resign

C.restrict

D.resemble

62.A.number

B.amount

C.pile

D.piece

63.A.with

B.for

C.about

D.against

64A.turned out

B.turned in

C.picked out

D.picked up

65.A.which

B.while

C.because

D.although

66.A.knowing

B.reading

C.inspecting

D.realizing

67.A.impacted

B.collected

C.repaired

D.isolated

68.A.lead to

B.result from

C.see off

D.make up

69.A.out

B.aloud

C.once

D.twice

70.A.resistance

B.statement

C.invitaion

D.struggle

71.A.reveal

B.revise

C.resemble

D.require

72.A.threatening

B.requesting

C.worshipping

D.delivering

73.A.since

B.as

C.when

D.untiil

74.A.Replacing

B.Liberating

C.Taking

D.Depending

75.A.ensure

B.separate

C.spread

D.switch

Part Ⅴ Translation（20%）

Section A

Directions： In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese.These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension.You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.76.It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights，and the larger the glass，the more dangerous it is.79.比方说，人的文化程度越低，对教育方面的遗憾就越强烈。

80.报道说，许多参与者希望减少工作量，能获得更多的时间陪伴自己的孩子。

电大英语词汇教学方法探讨 第3篇

一、利用拼读规则教学单词

词汇是语言的建筑材料, 或者说词汇是语言的生命。离开词汇, 语言就失去了实际意义。如果词汇贫乏、词义含糊, 就会造成理解和表达的障碍。英国语言学家威尔金斯曾经说过:“没有语法人们表达的事物寥寥无几, 而没有词汇人们则无法表达任何事物。”而且词汇量的扩大是提高学生听、说、读、写四种技能的前提和基础。在掌握基本的英语语音、语法后, 学习进展在很大程度上取决于词汇量的扩展。由此可见, 词汇学习在语言学习中占有何等重要的地位。

英语属于拼音文字, 拼读和拼写是密不可分的, 它们之间的联系就是规则。拼读规则是学习英语的拐杖, 是学生认读词汇的金钥匙。教师应帮助学生通过大量的拼读练习, 发现和掌握元音字母和辅音字母在单词中的读音规律, 常见字母组合的拼读规则, 使学生按有关规律和规则推断单词的读音。反之, 从单词的读音可判断其拼写形式, 养成见到单词会读音、听到语音会写词的能力。在语境中教学单词, 词语要放在语境中才有生命, 才容易记住, 才知道用法。如果没有一定的语境, 任何词汇将变得没有意义。语境包括句子、语篇和上下文。如教work这个词, 呈现以下的句子。 (1) Li Ming has a g ood d a y’s work a t s c hool. (2) He wa nts to work ha rd.从语境中使学生知道第 (1) 句中的work是名词“工作”, 第 (2) 句中的是动词“工作”的意思, 从而掌握work不同的词性和用法。

二、用构词法教学单词

传统模式充分发挥了学生的主观能动性, 但在电大英语教学中不能忽视学生语音基础薄弱, 词汇量小, 阶段性学习中, 缺乏科学记忆方法的现实。教师认为应该帮助学生设法摸清英语构词规律。最基本的构词法知识, 即合成、转化与派生, 学生必须做到了如指掌, 触类旁通, 尤其派生法, 即在词根前后加前缀或后缀的构词方法, 更要烂熟于胸。一开始师生都要花费些气力, 可掌握了便可以极大丰富学生的词汇量。

远程开放教育的教学手段为电大学员提供了方便。例如, 多媒体教学设备, 就可以使枯燥乏味的词汇教学鲜活生动起来。为此电大学生可不受时间“空间”地点的影响, 随时随地上网学习, 基于网络教学的优势, 保证教学质量。比如每周的face to face, 教师尽量利用多媒体授课, 使学员有获无悔。在此期间, 多采用词的扩展, 在教“成功地”一词时, 教师先写出suc+cess=success (n.) -succ e s s ful (a d j.) -s uc c e s s fully (a d v.) 。这样的分析无疑方便了学生。

三、用联想法教学单词

词汇是语言的基石, 是最明显承载文化信息, 反映人类社会文化生活的工具。各种语言中除一部分核心词汇外, 许多词汇都常有特定的文化信息, 即所谓文化内涵词 (culturally-loaded words) 。

联想法是指从新单词与学过的单词之间的联系入手, 将词汇按一定的关系放在一起, 同时记忆。

读音相同的词汇。

同音词:

含有相同读音的词:

同义词:

裤子:trousers, pants, jeans害怕:be afraid, be scared, be frig hte ne d

好看的:beautiful, handsome, pretty

反义词:

在中国这样一个英语学习环境中, 学习者在生活中很少有频繁广泛接触英语的机会, 因而学习者就不可能像本族人那样自然习得英语词汇。这就要求英语教师充分利用课堂时间, 无论在学习生词时, 还是在讲解课文时, 或是做练习时, 都要有意识地培养学生学习新词汇和巩固旧词汇的策略, 同时, 尽可能多地为学生提供巩固英语词汇的机会。例如, 在课后的词汇练习时, 有这样一道题, 要求用c ritic a l的各种变形给下列句子填空, 在正式填空之前, 教师不妨先激活学生头脑中与critical有关的同根词, 如critic, critical, critic ize, c ritic is m, c ritic a lly等, 然后再要求学生填空, 这样不仅减轻了习题的难度, 也帮助学生巩固了以往的旧词汇。

四、用英语释义法教学单词

由于英语单词的意义与汉语解释的对应关系是相对的, 所以对于电大学生来说, 词义解释的最佳方法是用英语来解释英语, 这能使学生准确理解单词的真正含义, 又能让学生增加英语语言信息量。有些词还可用句子来解释。比如讲新词stupid时, 给出句子:His s is te r is a s tup id g irl, while he is a c le ve r b oy.通过对这个句子的理解, 学生便可知道stupid的意思。但是教师在用英语解释新词时, 必须遵守一个原则:用来解释新单词的词或词语应当是学生熟悉的, 并且尽可能使用常用词;选用的词语或句子要言简意赅, 避免拖沓冗长。

用英语来解释单词、词组、句子可以说是一种非常必要、非常有效的方法。英语释义法是用学生们已学过的简单的、熟悉的词汇来解释新的单词, 使学生利用自己原有的英语知识掌握新单词的方法。这样不但训练了学生的听力, 而且对于旧的单词能得到反复呈现, 也使学生找到了同义词。

词汇学习的策略与方法因人而异, 对不同程度不同性格的学生采取不同的教学方法。尤其是电大学生, 年龄的差异, 水平的差异, 能力的不同, 作为电大英语教师应按课程标准要求, 遵循英语教学原则, 认真分析学生在英语词汇学习中存在的问题, 研究英语词汇教与学的规律和策略, 引导学生改变单一、被动、死记硬背的词汇学习方式, 掌握词汇记忆的规律, 总结出适合自己特点的词汇记忆法, 以有效提高学生的英语水平。

综上所述, 只要教师课前积极认真准备各种各样生动有趣的例句, 课上熟练运用各种教学手段, 并仔细考虑布置形式多样的课下作业来进行复习, 就会使学生在轻松自然的教学氛围中牢固掌握住单词用法, 达到词汇教学的目的。

参考文献

[1]顾曰国.英语教学法[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2005.

电大成人英语词汇教学模式探究 第4篇

关键词： 成人英语    词汇    教学策略

英语教学的主要目的是发展学习者的英语交际能力。在交际能力的各种元素中，语言能力是一个非常重要的组成部分，词汇是语言能力的核心，起到支持交际过程的核心作用。在一定程度上，学习者的词汇能力可以直接影响他们的听力、口语、阅读、写作和翻译能力。只有学习者掌握足够的词汇，他们才可以理解别人的发言、文章;只有学习者掌握足够的词汇，他们才可以自由表达自己的想法。因此，词汇学习是英语学习的重要部分之一。如何让成人学习者更好地学习英语单词，实施有效的英语词汇教学，在英语教学中非常重要。

一、成人英语词汇教学现状分析

著名的英国语言学家David Wilkins曾说：“While without grammar very little can be conveyed，without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.”词汇在语言习得过程中的重要性是不言而喻的，从中我们可以看出学者们对词汇教学和学习已日益关心。

（一）重语法轻词汇

在我国目前的中小学英语教学中，重语法轻词汇的现象非常普遍，成人英语教学领域亦是如此。很多从事电大英语教学工作的教师，上课最主要任务就是分析课文中的语法问题，而忽视了词汇教学。虽然语法讲解到位，例子丰富，但是学习者仍觉得课堂枯燥，提不起学习兴趣。这种照搬照抄、以教授英语知识为主要目的教学模式，完全不能适应成人英语教学。

（二）词汇教学方法单一

很多教师认为词汇只要在课堂上读几遍，让学习者回家看看就可以了，如此机械的词汇学习方式造成了英语教学上的诸多困难。目前成人学习者词汇学习方式单一，英语词汇的主要来源是教材上的单词表，学习者学习词汇主要的方式是：上课跟着老师朗读，听教师讲解词汇的用法，课后捧着词汇表集中记忆。这种方法虽然短时记忆快，但是没有掌握英语单词的拼读规则和构词规则，机械地记忆单词，导致单词记忆不深刻，记得快，忘得也快。

（三）缺乏复习和巩固

由于学习者机械地突击性地记忆词汇，电大老师上课内容多课时少，又缺少必要的复习和巩固，因此很多学习者不会灵活应用所学词汇。有些教师在词汇教学中只注重讲解新词汇的用法，而忽略了将新的词汇与所学的已知词汇联系起来。这些传统的英语词汇教学方法不仅脱离科学规律，而且没有做到因人而异，没有考虑到成人学习者的特点，不能帮助学习者掌握长远的语言能力，使他们失去对英语的兴趣。

二、成人英语词汇教学方法探索

目前英语词汇教学研究中涉及的方法主要有：实物教学法，图片教学法，动作教学法，翻译教学法，构词法，猜词法，背诵法等。每种方法各有利弊，而且不一定适用于成人学习者。例如：实物教学法和图片教学法虽然形象生动，但适用对象主要为小学生及基础学习者，且课前需要教师准备大量实物和图片。

鉴于成人英语学习者独特的生理和心理特征，在英语学习过程中自身的优势及存在的实际困难，英语词汇教学应先调动学习者的学习积极性和参与意识，营造良好的课堂氛围，然后选择适合成人英语词汇教学的几种有效方法，帮助成人学习者认识英语词汇学习的重要性，增加词汇量，提高英语课堂教学质量和学习者的语言运用能力。

（一）激励教学法

从多年的电大英语教学中可以发现，电大英语课堂最缺的是课堂教学质量，课堂缺乏师生间的交流和互动，课堂变成教师一个人的讲堂。鉴于目前电大课堂教学质量不高的实际情况，课堂激励对于电大课堂来说显得更为重要。从教育心理学来说，激励是指激发人的动机，诱发人的行为，使其产生一种内在动力，朝着所期望的目标努力的过程，也就是通常所说的调动和发挥人的积极性的过程。表扬和鼓励是推动学习者进步的动力，是学习者不断提高学习兴趣的重要因素。表扬和鼓励可以使得课堂气氛更和谐，提高课堂的教学质量。

（二）游戏教学法

游戏永远是学习者最钟爱的活动。把枯燥的单词学习融入到游戏中，会收到事半功倍的效果。英语词汇游戏教学法看似初级，小学阶段使用得比较多，但是也适合于成人英语教学词汇教学。游戏的选择应遵循由易到难、全员参与的原则。通过游戏教学法，让每个学习者亲自参加活动，帮助他们克服畏难情绪，激发主动的学习精神，培养热情、开朗的性格，课堂气氛会一下子活跃起来，学习者也就能更有效地掌握更多的词汇。

1.单词接龙

教师可先在黑板上书写一个单词，要求学习者以该词的词尾字母为下一个单词的词首字母，再以该词尾字母为下一个单词的词首字母，这样依此类推，单词不可重复，如：end—desk—kid—double—egg。教师组织学习者按照一定顺序参与，并在活动进行的过程中加以鼓励和表扬。

2.拆解单词链

教师在黑板上出示单词链，如：theredoorunder。要求学习者在一定时间内将单词链拆成最多的单词，如：the＼there＼her＼red＼door＼do＼run＼under等，拆解单词最多的学习者可获得相应的奖励。

3.英语找茬

教师借助于多媒体（如PPT）进行英语找茬游戏。在游戏正式开始前，教师可组织开展一次普通的找茬游戏，要求学习者找出两张图片中的异同，然后由此引入游戏的主题——英语找茬。教师通过PPT放映相关图片，让学习者找出图片中的英文使用不当或者单词拼写有误的地方。

（三）头脑风暴法

所谓头脑风暴（Brain-storming），最早是精神病理学上的用语。头脑风暴法是一种集体研讨行为，由美国创造学家A·F·奥斯本于1939年首次提出。头脑风暴提供了一种有效的就特定主题集中注意力与思想进行创造性沟通的方式，其目的在于产生新观念或激发创新设想。在不受任何限制的情况下，集体讨论问题能激发人的热情，人人自由发言，突破固有观念的束缚。主持人应积极鼓励，不得批评、仓促的发言，甚至不许有任何怀疑的表情，使每个人畅所欲言，提出大量的新观念，最大限度地发挥创造性思维能力。

（四）单词趣解法

英语中很多单词可以通过趣味性的解读帮助学习者加深对这些单词的理解和记忆。教师可以专门开设一个单词趣解的课堂专题进行此部分的教学，也可以在实际教学活动中见缝插针，灵活运用。为了能使单词趣解法能发挥最大的效能，教师必须在课前做好充分准备，尽可能多地搜集关于单词趣解的信息，做到信手拈来，游刃有余。

下面举几个单词趣解的例子。

1.together

你知道together的由来吗？“together”就是to+get+her。由此可知，人们是想告诉我们：想要在一起，就要“去”“追”“她”。

2.family

你知道family的由来吗？“family”就是f-a-m-i-l-y：father and mother，I love you！为什么呢？皆因他们都是你“家庭”的由来。

3.manager

你知道manager的由来吗？“manager”就是man+ager。由此可知，人们是想告诉我们：想要当“经理”，就要“人”成为“一把年纪的人”，所以没当经理别着急，证明你还年轻。

三、结语

成人学习由于受时空限制、家庭或工作的影响，不可能靠死记硬背的方法记忆繁多的英语词汇。教师要搞好成人英语教学工作，特别是最棘手的词汇教学工作，就必须了解成人学习者在英语词汇学习中的优势及存在的实际困难。

首先，英语教师应培养成人学习者的学习热情，调动其参与课堂活动的积极性，提高英语课堂教学质量。其次，英语教师应采用灵活多样的词汇教学方法，培养学习者掌握一定的词汇学习策略和记忆技巧，有效地组织复习和练习，并鼓励学习者拓展词汇学习渠道，在生活中积累词汇，把过去积累的感性知识上升为理性知识，把枯燥无味的词汇记忆转变为一种乐趣。学习者参与学习，体会到英语学习的乐趣，这样学习者英语词汇的理解能力就能真正得到提高，从而更好地服务工作和生活。

参考文献：

[1]Harmer，J.How to Teach English[M].Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，2000.

[2]姜炳生，王金玉.成人英语学习心理障碍探析[J].陕西师范大学继续教育学报，2003（1）.

[3]周亚萍.非英语专业学习者在英语词汇学习中存在的问题及对策[J].浙江海洋学院学报（人文科学版），2002，19（1）.

电大学位英语写作15类 第5篇

Directions:

You live in a room in college which you share with another student.You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting.He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you.Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and:

1）ask for a new room next term，2）you would prefer a single room，3）explain your reasons.Don’t sign your own name at the end of your letter, using“Li Ming”instead.Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding accommodation.I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior.For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him;for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.To solve this difficulty/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned.I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own.Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（136 words）

二、求职信参考范文

Directions:

You want to apply for the following post/position: Waiter/waitress required for evening work.Write a letter:

1）show your interest，2）describe your previous experience，3）explain why you would be suitable for the job.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress.Enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications.Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as a waitress.I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages.I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant.Thank you for your consideration of my application.I look forward to meeting you in the near future.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（119 words）

三、建议信参考范文

Directions:

You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in-history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects.1）Give your suggestions.2）Explain the reasons.3）Other recommendation.Dear Wangcai，You have asked me for my advice concerning/regarding whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful/practical/conducive suggestions/proposals/recommendations.You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career.There is no doubt that the field of computer science offers far wider job opportunities than history.Besides, for the foreseeable future, not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate, it will also be necessary to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living.Of course, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（111 words）

四、请求信参考范文

Directions:

You find your study load is too heavy.Write a letter to your college teacher:

1）you need to withdraw from two courses，2）explain the reasons，3）ask if it is possible to obtain a refund.Dear Professor Shakespeare，I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education and Teaching Methods.The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses.Because I really have to work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load.I would also like to request a tuition refund.I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans.This decision was not taken lightly, and I do appreciate the kind consideration you have shown to me.Thank you for your attention to these requests.If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 82036600.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（134 words）

五、邀请信参考范文

Directions:

You want to invite some friends to a party.Write an invitation letter to them individually:

1）Invite them to the party.2）Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held.3）What activities will be arranged for them.Dear Xiaobao，I will hold a dinner party at my house on April 1, 2006 to celebrate Mr.Old Fish’s marriage with Miss Fujiwora.As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to participate in the celebration and share our joy.The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony.This will be followed by a dinner party.At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（118 words）

六、道歉信参考范文

Directions:

You have already had a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you can’t go.Express your reason clearly in about 100 words.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Don’t write the address.Dear Jane，I am excessively sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.I really have kept our date in my mind all these days.However, I received my boss’s-mail this morning, and he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad.It’s sudden and urgent and I must go.I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time? We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely，Li Ming（115 words）

七、感谢信参考范文

Directions:

While your family was on vacation, your friend, Mary looked after your dog, Smart.Now you came back, write a letter to her to show your gratitude.Your letter should be no less than 100 words.You don’t need to write the address.Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead.Dear Mary，I am writing to express our heartfelt thanks for your taking good care of Smart while we were on holiday.He was such a happy dog when we got home.We knew he must have had lots of loving attention.When we picked up him from the kennel in your home he would whimper and carry on for hours.You not only saved us some money, but also spared us the worry about him while we were away.Your kind help is very appreciated, not only by Smart, but also by our whole family as well.Please accept our thanks again.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（107 words）

八、询问信参考范文

Directions:

As part of a student social survey project, you are leading a group to visit an exhibition in a small town.Write a letter:

1）ask for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition，2）the dates of its opening and closing，3）any discounts.Dear Sir or Madam，I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town.I am writing the letter in purpose of inquiring/seeking/obtaining/requesting information concerning/regarding the following aspects.First of all, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display? Secondly, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours?

I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition.So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students.I look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（116 words）

九、推荐信参考范文

Directions:

One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers.Write a letter:

1）Recommend him/her.

2）Describe his/her past experience.3）Explain the reasons.Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to you to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post.With his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of Fudan University several times.Busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record.Upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Fudan Middle School.What’s more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children.This has won him great popularity among his students.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（122 words）

十、祝贺信参考范文

Directions：

Suppose that your friend’s birthday is coming.Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate her.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Helen，I remember all the time that your birthday is around the corner.I am sure all the friends and relatives are planning a grand birthday party and happy surprises for you.May I join them in wishing you a happy birthday?

How I wish I could stretch out my hand to shake with you, but you are so far away on the other side of the globe.Do you know how much I cherish our friendship during the past ten years, and how much I anticipate maintaining it for the years to come?

I write this letter to send my heartiest congratulations.I am sure that your birthday party will be a great success and I wish you many happy returns.Yours sincerely，Li Ming（126 words）

十一、介绍信参考范文

Directions:

You are writing your first letter to a pen pal.1）Describe your previous studies and work experience.2）Your current activities, hobbies and interests.3）Suggest meeting him/her.Dear Audrey，Hi!My name is Li Ming.I am very glad to have this chance to write to you and become pen pals.Let me first introduce myself.I’m currently working as a computer programmer in a large multi-national company.I graduated from Beijing Normal University with a Bachelor’s Degree in computer science in 2005.My hobbies include listening to pop music and traveling.This summer, I will be traveling with Mr.Yang Guo to Norway.If you are free, I would be very happy to meet you in person.Well, let me finish here.I am already eagerly awaiting your reply.I hope that we can become good friends.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

（115 words）

十三、申请信参考范文

Directions:

You are a student of Fudan University.Write an application to get a scholarship for your graduate study in another university in America.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming”instead.You do not need to write the address.Dear Sir，I am writing to apply for a scholarship in your university in order that I could pursue my graduate study for the Master’s Degree in your university.Here is my personal information for you.I was born in 1981 in Shanghai.I was admitted to the Physics Department of Fudan University in 2000 and will graduate this June.During my four academic years, besides my major, physics, I also take such selective courses as chemistry, computer and mathematics.I have made straight grades on all required subjects.Moreover, I have passed CET6 and kept on learning English all these years.So I don’t think I will have any problems in language during my study in your country.If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful.And I am looking forward to your early reply.Enclosed are my score reports on all subjects and two recommendations.Sincerely yours，Li Ming

（157 words）

十四、便笺参考范文

Directions:

Suppose that you cannot return the book to Ma Bin in person for some emergency and will ask someone else to return it.Write a note in about 100 words to inform him of it.Do not sign your own name at the end of your note, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Ma Bin，I would like to apologize for my not being able to return in person the book you lent me last Wednesday.You know, I have done a parttime job as a private teacher.Originally the lessons were scheduled on Saturday.But it happens that my student is going to take part in a football match this Saturday, the day after tomorrow and so the lesson is shifted to tomorrow evening, which renders me to meet you then.But don’t worry.I have asked a classmate to return that book for me.She is a pretty girl with short curly hair, and will go to your dormitory at 7:00 tomorrow evening.Thank you again for your book.It is really helpful to my English assignment.Yours，Li Ming

（130 words）

十五、通知参考范文

Directions:

Write a notice in about 100 words for the Office of Fudan University to inform the teachers, workers and some students of a meeting to commend the advanced teachers and workers.NOTICE

To commend the advanced teachers and workers, whose performance is outstanding in the year of 2004, a meeting will be held at 3:00 p.m.in the first Meeting Room on Friday.Our president will preside over the meeting in person and make a year-end summing up of the work of our university.What makes us feel even more honored is that the director of the Bureau of Education will attend the meeting, make an encouragement speech, and give out rewards to the advanced teachers and workers personally.All teachers, staff and junior and senior students are requested to be present on time.The Office of Fudan University

电大学位英语复习资料1 第6篇

1、一般现在时

(1)表示经常如发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，every week等时间状语连用。例：He goes to work every day。他每天去上班。

(2)表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。

例：The earth is round.地球是圆的。

(3)有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例：I don′t think you are right.我认为你错了。

(4)在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作，遵循“主将从现”的原则。常用的连词有as soon as，when，until，if，unless。我们在此引用三道真题。

例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?

-As soon as ____ _ our work for tomorrow.A.we′re complete B.we′d complete C.we′ll complete D.we complete

答案【D】(2003年11月34题)

例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ____ their exams.A.have finished B.finsh C.finished D.was finishing

答案【B】(1996年22题)

例3 When the mixture ____，it will give off a powerful force.A.will heat B.will be heated C.is heated D.has heated

答案【C】(1992年5题)

2、现在进行时

(1)表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作。

例：The teacher is talking with his students.老师正在与学生们谈话。

(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

例：I am attending a conference in New York.我正在纽约参加一个会议。

3、现在完成时

(1)表示动作刚刚结束(常和just，now，already，yet等词连用);或表示动作的结果(一般不用时间状语)

例1 Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯已经关上了)

例2 I has lost my pen.我把笔丢了。(说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔)

(2)表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下午(常与由since 引导的短语或从句，或由for引导的短语连用)。

例1 He has ____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.他入伍10年，现为军官。(现在还在军中)

A.gone into B.joined in C.been in D.come into

【答案】C(1995年49题)

例2 They′ve known each other since childhood.他们从小认识。(现在还继续来往)

(3)非延续性动词和it is + 时间 + since...(过去的)

英语中有些动词不能延续，因为不能和表示延续的时间状语连用(如for ten years)

例：It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.他离乡入伍已10年。

对非延续性动词，表达完成时态时常用it is+时间+since...的句型代替，从句用过去时态。

(4)have(has)been to和have(has)gone to的区别：

have(has)been to：去过某地(表示某人的一种经历)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever连用。

have(has)gone to：去某地了(表示某人已经离开本地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句只用于第三人称)，此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。

例1 He has gone to America.他已经去了美国。(现在不在本地)

例2 He has been to America twice.他(曾经)去过美国两次。

4、现在完成进行时

表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调说话时为止一直在做的动作。

例1 I ____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A.was knocking B.am knocking C.knocking D.have been knocking

【答案】D(1998年49题)now 一次表示敲门动作持续进行一直到现在 例2 Since he left the university，he ____ in an accounting company.A.has been working B.had worked C.had been working D.have been knocking

【答案】A(2006年4月16题)表示自大学毕业起一直在会计公司工作。

5、一般过去时

(1)表示过去的动作或状态，常和具体的过去时间状语连用，如just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。

例：You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ____ two classes just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed

【答案】A(1995年59题)

(2)used to do sth.过去常常做……

例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)

注意：

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：

一般过去时主要表示过去某个时间发生或完成的动作或存在过的状态。这种动作或状态与现在没有任何联系。它只是表示过去发生过(或已完成)，过去存在过。句中往往有明确的表示过去的时间状语。如：just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。

现在完成时则是由现在回顾过去的一种状态，强调的是“是否曾经有过怎么一回事，该事完成后一流下来的影响或结果”。绝对不能使用指定过去某一时间点的时间状语。常与下列副词连用：aleady，recently，yet，before，just，ever，never，since，so far，in(over，during)the past few years 等。上面举的例子就能很好地体现这一区别。

6、过去进行时

(1)表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文莱判断时间。

例子：He was doing his homework form seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7点到9点他正在做作业。

(2)when和while的用法区别：

when 表示一定特定时间点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。

例1 I fell and hurt muself while I ____ tennis.A.was playing B.am playing C.play D.played

【答案】A(1983年43题)

例2 When you ____ this over with her，you should not see her any more.A.talk B.talked C.will talk D.talking

【答案】B(1999年35题)

例2 One of the guards ____ when the general came in，which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping

【答案】D(1996年23题)

(3)过去进行时表示过去将来的作用。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作。同样过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

例：He went to see Xiao Li.He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

7、过去完成时

(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。这个过去的某一时间可用 by，before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

例1 When I went to visit Mrs.Smith last week，I was told she ____ two days before.A.has left B.was leaving C.would leave D.had left

【答案】D(2003年11月40题)

例2 About the sixth century A.D.when few Europeans could read，the Chinese ____ paper.A.inented B.had inwented C.have inented D.had been invented

【答案】B(1997年35题)

(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

例：The chemistry class ____ for live minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on

【答案】A(1995年24题)

(3)在含有before，after，as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。

例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。

(4)过去完成时常用在 no sooner … than …，hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，“一…就…”句型之中，句子倒装。

例1 No sooner had we sat down ____ we found it was time to go.A.than B.when C.as D.while

例2 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风催灭了。

注意：

一般过去时和过去完成时的区别：

两者都表示的动作，但一般过去时表示相当于现在的过去时间，而过去完成时则表示相当于过去某一时刻的过去，即过去的过去。过去曾经做过的事，应该用过去时。过去完成时一般表示两个过去的动作的一先一后。过去完成时单独使用时要用by引导的时间状语表示“到……时候为止”，如：

I finished the work yesterday.They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.8、一般将来时

(1)will(shall)+ 原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态

例：He will come and help you.他回来帮助你的。

(2)be going to + 动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个讲座吗?

(3)be to + 动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。

例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.五环路将在国庆节前通车。

(4)be about to + 动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

(5)某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用现在进行时可表示将来。

例1 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京

例2 The foreign guests are arriving in Shnghai tonight.9、将来完成时

表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。这是近年来考试的重点。其句型的基本结构就是will have hone.我们下面通过几道真题来讲解这一语法点。

例1 By next year he ____ in New York for live years.A.has worked B.has been working C.works D.will have worked

【答案】D(2004年11月30题)

本句的意思是：到明年为止，他在纽约已经工作了5年了。

补充：如果句子中由by引导的时间状语，句子需要用完成时;by后跟的是将来的时间，句子需要用将来完成时，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作，如

By next Friday，he will have studied here for three years.到下周五，他在这里学习就要满3年了。

例2 By the end of next year they ____ together for twenty years.A.will have worked B.had worked C.would work D.have worked

【答案】A(2001年48题)本句的意思是：到明年年底为止，他们已经一起工作了20年。

例3 I ____ writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finsihed

【答案】D(2000年24题)本句的意思是：到你回来的时候，我会完成这篇论文。

10、将来完成进行时

这一语言点在最近的考试中也有所考查。句型结构为will have been doing。

例：By the time you arrive this evening，____ for two hours.A.I will study B.I will have been studied C.I had studied D.I will have been studying

【答案】D(2004年11月41题)本句的意思是：到今晚你来的时候，我就已经学习了两个小时了。

动词时态配套练习

1.Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain.A.was walking B.walked C.walking D.had waked

2.English ____in a new way at my college in the past few years.A.has been teaching B.was being taught C.has been taught D.has been taught

3.Smith is to study medicine as soon as be ____ military service.A.will finish B has finished C finish D would finish

4.Please be sure to telephone me the next time you ____.A.will come B.would come C.shall come D.come

5.When I got to the top of the mountain，the sun ____.A.shone B.shines C.has shone D.was shining

6.Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you ____ with it.A.finish B.are finished C.have finished D.are finishing

7.-How are you feeling?

-I have been feeling better since ____.A.the orctor has come B.the doctor will come C.the doctor had come D.the doctor came

8.The chemistry class ____ for five minutes when we hurried there.A.had been on B.was on C.has been on D.would be on

9.By the time Juan gets home，her aunt ____.A.will have B.leaves C.will have left D.is leaving

10.You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ___ two classes just last week.A.missed B.would miss C.had missed D.have missed

11.One of the guards ____ _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.A.has slept B.were sleeping C.slept D.was sleeping

12.Dr.Robert went to New York，bought some books and ____.A.visiting his daughter B.to visit his daughter C.visit his daughter D.visited his daughter

13.I ____writing the article by the time you get back.A.shall finish B.must have finished C.have finished D.shall have finished

14.There is a knock on the door.It is the second time someone ____ me this evening.A.interrupted B.has interrupted C.would interrupt D.interrupt

15.-Is there anything wrong?

-No，so far I ____ no trouble.A.have had B.had C.have D.had had 16.No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _____ them.A.tries B.will try C.are trying D.has tried 参考答案： ACBDD;CDACA;DDDBAA

1、谓语动词的被动：基本形式见上面表格，多结合时态来考查。

例1 The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.A.were just unloading B.wrer just been unloading C.had just unloaded D.were just being unloaded

【答案】D(2006年4月22题)

例2 He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A.was almost hurt B.was almost to hurt himself C.was almost hurt himself D.was almost hurting himself

【答案】A(2005年4月33题)

2、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词

例：I can′t find the recorder in the room.It _____ by somebody.A.must have taken B.may have taken C.may have been taken D.should have been taken

【答案】C(2003年11月22题)

此题考察的是综合知识点。首先是被动语态，录音机被人拿走了。另外还考察了情态动词加完成式表示对过去时间的推测。

3、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在主动语态中用无to不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to

例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _____ these letters again.A.tape B.to typing C.typed D.to type

【答案】D(2006年11月22题)本句的意思是：因为错误太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。

4、用主动表示被动的含义

(1)need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物)。

例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _____.A.being watered B.be watered C.to water D.to be watered

【答案】D(2006年11月23题)本句的意思是：天气又热又干燥，花需要浇水。

例2 My room is a mess.It needs _____.A.to be tidying up B.tidying up C.to tidy up D.tidied up

【答案】B(2000年47题)本句的意思是：我的房间很乱，需要收拾。

(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等动词带状语修饰时。

例：This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得很好。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。

(3)主语 + sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容词。

例：The dish ____ _ terrible!I don′t like it at all.A.tastes B.tasted C.will taste D.is tasted

【答案】A(2005年11月19题)本句的意思是：这盘菜太难吃了，我一点也不喜欢。

被动语态配套练习

1.The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A.came B.come C.to come D.have come

2.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.A.in worn B.wearing C.wears D.are worn

3.This out-of-date teaching method ___ _.A.must do away with B.must have done away with C.must being done away with D.must be done away wish

4.A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses ____ _ to ashes.A.broke out，were burnt B.was broke out，were burnt C.broke out，burnt D.set out，were burned

5.English _____ in Australia.A.speaks B.are spoken C.is soeaking D.is spoken

6.A new house ____ at the corner of the road.A.is building B.is being built C.been bulit D.be building

7.His new book _____ next month.A.will be published B.is publishing C.si beding published D.has been published

8._____ the watch been repaired yet? I bably need it.A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are

9.The flowers ___ _ often.A.must be water B.must be watered C.must watered D.must water

10.The pot ___ _ for ____ _ hot water.A.used;keeping B.was used;keeping C.is used;to keep D.are used;keep

11.How dirty the tables are!They need _____.A.to clean B.clean C.cleaning D.cleaned

12.Newly-born babies _____ in hospital.A.are taken good care B.are taken good care of C.take good care of D.take good care

13.The apple _____ very sweet.A.is tasted B.taste C.tastes D.are tasting

14.-What do you think of the TV play?

-Wonderful.It is worth _____ a second time.A.watching B.watched C.seen D.seeing

15.A photo _____ each time that button ______.A.has taken;has pushed B.has been taken;has pushed C.is taken;will be pushed D.is taken;is pushed

参考答案：CCDAD;BABBB;CBCAD

虚拟语气

虚拟语气是英语三级考试的必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别的一个语法现象。在汉语里表示假设虚拟的情况常用一些虚词来表示，例如“假设”、“如果”等，而英文中表示虚拟的情况不但有虚词的提示，谓语动词也要相应的变化。

虚拟语气的基本作用是：

(1)表达假设的情况与事实相反;(2)表达异想天开很难实现的愿望;(3)表达建议命令劝告等语气。本部分重点讲if引导的虚拟条件句，含蓄条件句、特殊结构中虚拟语气，及should+动词原形的用法。

1、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法

虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：

假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式

与现在事实相反If+动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形

与过去事实相反If+had+过去分词would(第一人称可用should)+have+过去分词

与将来事实相反If+were to+动词原形或 If+should+动词原形would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形

下面我们列举今年的真题来强化记忆。

例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I ____ _ it to you.” A.will return B.must return C.could return D.would have returned 【答案】D(2004年4月45题)例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ _ him.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came 【答案】C(1995年38题)例3 If Bob ____ _ with us，he would have had a good time.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.came 【答案】C(1995年59题)

1、省略if的虚拟形式

在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包含were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

例1 ____ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should take C.Were he to take D.Had he taken

【答案】D(2004年4月32题)

例2 ___，I should ask them some questions.A.Should they come to us B.If they come to us C.Were they come to us D.Had they come to us

【答案】A(1997年30题)

例3 ____，you were busy，I would′t have bothered you with my questions.A.If I realized B.Had I realized C.Did I have realized that D.As I realized

【答案】B(1996年39题)

2、含蓄条件句

有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其他方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for引导。

例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _____ well.A.would not grow B.will not grow C.had not grown D.would not be grown

【答案】A(2004年11月32题)

例2 But for my classmates′help，I ____ the work in time.A.did not finish B.could not finish C.will not finish D.would not have finished

【答案】A(2004年11月32题)

例3 But for the rain，we _____ a nice holiday.A.should have B.would have had C.would have D.will have had