图表式和提纲式英语作文

图表式和提纲式英语作文（精选8篇）

图表式和提纲式英语作文 第1篇

毫无疑问，假冒伪劣产品极其有害.首先,它们危害人民的健康,引发了许多伤害事故.例如,伪劣药品不仅使病人恶化,而且往往会威胁病人的生命,更糟的是，导致病人的死亡。其次，假冒伪劣产品通常廉价出售。在许多情况下，它们有干扰了我国正常的经济秩序，影响了许多高质量产品的销路。这在很大程度上阻碍了我国社会主义市场经济的健康发展，并损害了我们国家的利益。因此，我们可以说，假冒伪劣产品是我们健康经济中的一颗“毒瘤&rdqu

图表式和提纲式英语作文 第2篇

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).

What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are … (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

英语语法提纲式教学 第3篇

笔者在教学过程当中发现,很多学生在学习英语过程当中,对句子结构糊涂。当遇到长句子,或者句子结构稍微复杂一点时,他们就不能准确的翻译出来,影响学生对句子含义的理解。在写作当中,老师们也会发现,很多学生写出的句子结构不完整,影响了写作的得分。甚至,有些同学认为where等于in which。所以,对于学生来说,让他们说出句子有哪些类型那是更难的事。学生们不能很好的辨识出,相同的连词在不同类型句子中,充当的成分和含义是不一样的。通过提纲式教学,它在帮助学生理清思路的同时也帮学生很好地抓住了语法内容的主干,便于学生当堂记忆和日后复习。笔者也希望,学生通过提纲式教学的学习,对语法内容有一个整体的概念,使抽象的语法更具体,便于在记忆中形象化。

下面笔者将从句子结构入手,重点体现提纲式教学在定语从句中的运用。(横线内容需由学生完成)

句子归纳为:简单句,并列句,复合句。

1.简单句:1主语+谓语;2主语+谓语+宾语;3主语+系动词+表语;4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;5主语+谓语+宾语+补语;6祈使句。

2.并列句:简单句+并列连词+简单句

并列连词:and, but, or, for, so, both…and…,either…or,either…nor…,not only…but also…

3.复合句:1状语从句:(时间状语从句 ,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句)2定语从句;3名词性从句:(主语从句,名词性从句,宾语从句,表语从句)

定语从句提纲

一、基本概念

1.修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,所修饰的词叫先行词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词的后面。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

2.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。

可分为:

1关系代词:who whom which as that whose

(在从句中做主语或宾语,whose做定语既可指人又可指物)

2关系副词:where when why (在从句中做地点、时间、原因状语)

关系词的三个作用:1引导定语从句;2代替先行词;3在从句中充当一个成分( 关系词如果在从句中作宾语时常常省略)。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.The boy who/that are playing football are from Class One.

2.Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lose his way.

3.Mr. Liu is the person who/whom/that you talked about on the bus.

4.Where is the man who/whom/that I saw this morning.

5.Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.

6.This is the pen which/that he bought yesterday.

7.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.

8.I don’t like the high building whose windows are too small.

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.I still remember the days when we studied together in the school

2.This is the house where Shakespeare was born.

3.The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.

四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词:whom which whose

介词的选择:1与先行词有关;2与从句的谓语动词有关。

1.The school at which he once studied is very famous.

at which换为where

2.I still remember the day on which I first came to the school.

on which换为when

3.The reason for which I was late was the heavy traffic.

for which换为why

4.The plane on which we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.

5.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

6.We will go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

7.The boss in whose department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

8.This is the watch that / which / I am looking for.

(从句中含有介词的动词短语时一般不拆开使用,如:look for,look after,take care of等)

五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句

1.She is a teacher,who is clear from her manner.

2.Who Move My Cheese? which is a best-selling book,is written by Spencer Johnson.

3.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.

4.Carol said the work would be done by October,which personally I doubt very much.

5.He is from the south,as we can see from his accent.

( which和as的先行词还可以是整个句子或者句子所陈述的内容。)

6.He is a man of rich experience,whose much knowledge can be learned.

7.He lived his parents deeply,both of whom (父母俩人都)are very kind to him.

8.In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which(它们中的一些)have gone bad.

9.There are 40 students in our class in all,most of whom(他们的大多数)are from big cities.

10.In Sydney,the Chinese team got 28 gold medal,18 of which (其中18块金牌) were won by women.

(“介词+关系代词”前可有some,all,none,both,any,neither,most,each,few等代词或数词)。

1.I like to live in the house,whose windows face south.

whose换为:the windows of which/of which the windows

2.I like the book,whose color is yellow?

whose换为:the color of which/of which the color

六、注意关系词that

在限制性定语从句中,如果关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时,只能用that的几种情况(先行词指人时,亦可以用who):

1.当先行词是something,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,all,none,few,some等代词时,或者是由all,any,every,no,little,much ,very等修饰时。

e.g.Everything that he can do is done.

That is all that she knows.

2.当先行词被 序数词 修饰时。

e.g.The third place that they visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.

3.当先行词被形容词 最高级 修饰时。

e.g.This is the best film that I have seen.

4.当先行词被the only ,the very ,the next,the first,the last 修饰时。

e.g.This is the very bike that I want to buy.

After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.

5.当先行词既有人,又有物时。

e.g.He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

6.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。

e.g.Who is the man that is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

7.当先行词是to be 表语,或关系代词本身是从句的表语时。

e.g.My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be

She is not the girl that she was three years ago.

8.当主句以there be 开头时。

e.g.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.

There is a boy who is handsome.

9.一个句中含有两个定语从句,如果前一个从句中已用who/which时。

e.g.The man who is at the table is his brother that has been serving in the army.

I will borrow a book which tells about the heroic deeds that the PLA did in the battles against the invaders.

10.当两个定语从句的结构如果平行,一个定语从句已用关系代词that时。

e.g.He told me to read a book that is very short,and that is very interesting.

七、区别关系词as和which

八、以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由in which,that引导,而且通常可以省略

e.g.The way that / in which / he answered the question was surprising.

九、区别定语从句和同位语从句

图表式和提纲式英语作文 第4篇

例如，2002年高考全国卷英语作文中有一个要点：“如收门票，需建大门，围墙，会影响城市形象”。我们就可以运用多种句式造出符合要求的句子：

1If entrance fees are charged, it will be necessary to build gates and walls, which will affect the appearance of the city.

2A wall and a gate have to be built if there is an entrance fee, which doesn’t help the image of the city. 

3If the park charges entrance fees, gates and walls are needed. This, of course, will influence the look of the city.

4With entrance fees charged, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city.

5If there are entrance fees, it will do no good to the image of the city because walls and gates will have to be built.

在多种句式造句过程中，学生可以运用以前所积累的词汇、句型、语法知识，强迫自己去正向迁移，将所学知识融入自己的写作之中，从而达到学以致用的目的，同时，也有利于考生复习和巩固所学知识。

为了说明多种句式造句训练在英语写作中的应用，我们以2010年全国卷（II）英语作文为例，对多种句式造句训练的方法加以说明，希望通过这种练习形式，让考生能够更直接地体会提纲式作文的多种句式造句法，并在以后的训练中加以运用。

真题再现：假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter 曾表示希望来中国教书，你校现需招聘外教，请给他写封信，告知招聘信息。内容主要包括：

1教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等。

2授课对象：高中生(至少三年英语基础)。

3工作量：每周12学时，任选三门课；担任学生英语俱乐部或英语校报顾问(advisor)。

本试题要点包括：1招聘之事（开首句）；2教授课程；3授课对象；4工作量；5恰当的结尾。如果把要点3分为两个具体要点，本作文实际有六个要点。请根据下面括号中的提示词汇，完成下列各个句子，并注意体会多种句式造句在本写作试题中的应用（请参考每个作文提纲要点后的答案）。

要点1：招聘信息

(1) A native English teacher （需要）in our school. 

(2) Our school is looking for a native speaker to （教授英语课） to senior high school students.

(3) Our school is （急需）a native English speaker （能够在我教授英语课）.

 名胜联 风声、雨声、读书声，声声入耳；家事、国画、天下事，事事关心。

——［明］顾宪成题东林书院

 谐趣联 风起大寒霜降屋前成小雪 日照端午清明水底见重阳

（含六个节气）

(4) I have some good news for you that （我校将聘请一名外教）.（用同位语从句）

参考答案：

(1) is wanted或is needed; (2) teach some English courses; (3) in great need/demand of; who can teach some courses to the students in our school; (4) our school will employ a foreign teacher；

要点2：教授课程：英语口语、英语写作、今日美国、今日英国等。

(1) The courses you will teach （包括）Oral English, English Writing, America Today and Britain Today.

(2) You can （选择任何一门课程）: Oral English, English Writing, America Today and Britain Today.

(3) There are several English courses you can choose to teach, （即/如）, Oral English, English Writing, America Today and Britain Today. 

(4) Several English courses （提供） here, including Spoken English, English Writing, America Today and Britain Today. 

参考答案：

(1) include; (2) choose/teach any three of the following courses; (3) namely/including/such as; (4) are offered.

要点3：授课对象：高中生(至少三年英语基础)

(1) You will give lessons to some senior school students who （至少三年英语基础）.

(2) （已经学了三年英语）, the students have built some foundation in English.（分词作状语）

(3) The students （已经具备一定的基础） in English after 3 or more years of study in senior school.

(4) As for the senior students you teach, you don’t have to be worried, for （他们已经打下了良好的基础） in English learning in the past three or more years.（for引导的原因状语从句）

参考答案：

(1) have learned English for at least 3 years或have more than 3-year experience in learning English 或have more than 3 years of experiences in English learning; (2) Having learned English for over 3 years; (3) have developed some basic skills或have some basic English knowledge /skills; (4) they have laid a good foundation

要点4：工作量：每周12学时，任选三门课

(1) （作为英语老师）, you will have 12 classes per week, and you can choose three courses from the four mentioned above. （分词作状语）

(2) If you work here, you （需要上12节课）each week...

(3) For each week, you will have to （每周上12节课）

(4) （你的工作量不大）as you work only 12 hours a week to give lessons to the students here...

参考答案：

(1) Being /As an English teacher; (2) will be required to give 12 periods of class; (3) teach 12 hours a week或give students 12 weekly classes; (4) Your workload is not so heavy

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大学英语四六级写作：图表式作文 第5篇

大学英语四六级写作模板：图表式作文

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一个原因).More importantly, …(第二个原因).Most important of all, …(第三个原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).（范文参见《四级考试作文题型及范文》）

数据式图表作文写作六要素 第6篇

请先看下面一则书面表达习作：

假设下面是你们学校对学生课外阅读情况所作的调查，请根据下面的图表为某报社写一篇有关这次调查的报道，并适当发表你自己的看法。

要求：1. 字数120~150。

2. 短文中已写好了的部分，不计入词数。

Recently our school has had a survey on reading. It shows that 45 percent of the students spend their time reading textbooks afterschool.

参考答案

Recently our school has had a survey on reading. It shows that 45 percent of the students spend their time reading textbooks after school. 30 percent choose to read cartoons in their leisure time. However, only 10 percent enjoy reading literature. Besides, 15 percent choose other books.

Why are so many students unwilling to spend some time in reading literature works? According to the survey, 48 percent of the students say they don’t have enough time because they have too much homework to do. 20 percent of the students complain that literature works are too thick to finish reading with patience. Another 20 percent admit that reading literature won’t help them at all with their exams. The rest of the students say they dislike literature.

In fact, as far as I’m concerned, books play an important role in our life. Literature works help us learn the customs and cultures in the past and at present, at home and aboard. It provides us with good examples of writing.

一、 正确把握写作程序，合理安排文章结构

数据式图表作文通常要求考生利用数据反映社会现象、揭示产生原因并发表自己的观点，因此考生首先应清楚所要交待的社会现象。对社会现象的反映通常是建立在调查的基础之上的，因此考生可用Recently...have done/made a survey on...作开始句，这样既交待了社会现象，又有很好的过渡下文的作用，接着可用It shows that .../We have learned that .../We have found that .../The findings are as follows.等句型来详细介绍社会现象。对社会现象进行介绍时不一定要按照数据排列顺序一一进行，应根据表达需要采用求同求异的方法，将相同数据的社会现象一起介绍，让人们了解社会现象中存在的共性内容；将数据大小十分悬殊的内容一起介绍，起一个让读者触目惊心的作用，吸引其对社会现象给予关注。接着交待社会现象产生的原因，考生可用why引导的特殊疑问句进行承上启下的过渡，也可用What are the reasons for .../Why ...特殊疑问句或The reasons why/for ...are as follows陈述句引起下文。这些句子实际上也是层次主题句，可让读者对下一层次所要介绍的观点有一个简要的认识。接着可用陈述句对社会现象产生的各种原因一一进行介绍，介绍时各种数据的处理方法仍然本着求同求异的原则，介绍共性原因和特别原因。最后作者应发表自己的观点，交待自己对社会现象的明确态度与立场。

本篇书面表达习作使用Recently our school has had a survey on reading.来引起对社会现象内容的介绍，使全文显得自然顺畅。接着使用It shows that ...句型对社会现象进行逐一介绍。然后用why引导的特殊疑问句对社会现象产生的原因进行一一介绍。最后用In fact, as far as I’m concerned...句型来发表自己的观点。文章层次清晰，脉络分明，整体感较强。

二、 正确把握写作时态，提高语言准确性

众所周知，数据式图表作文以介绍目前存在的社会现象，交待其产生的原因为写作目的，因此应以一般现在时为主来表达文意。此时特别需要注意首句时态的运用技巧，为了保证全文一般现在时的时态基调，同学们可用一般现在时或现在完成时表达首句（如Recently we have made a survey on ...），这样与下文一般现在时的时态容易接轨。如果用一般过去时（如Some time ago we made a survey on...），就容易造成被牵制使用一般过去时表达下文的不良局面。当然也有一些数据式图表作文以时间为顺序反映不同时期的数据特点，此时应根据不同时间的需要合理调整时态，反映现在数据用一般现在时，反映过去数据用一般过去时。

本篇书面表达习作反映现阶段学生课外阅读情况及其产生的原因和作者的观点，参考答案用一般现在时表达文意十分准确，符合数据式图表作文的时态特点。

三、 用好特色语句，提高文章得体性

数据式图表作文的语言有很强的自我特色，具有明显的规律性。

作调查可表达为do/make/conduct/carry out a survey；

作采访可表达为We interviewed...或 ...were interviewed ...；

表示数量增加的动词有rise, increase, grow, go up；

表示数量减少的动词有drop, fall, decrease, go down, reduce to；

对数量进行比较的词汇有more than, less than；

对数量进行描述的词汇有at least, at most, no more than, not more than, not less than, as ...as ..., up to；

对背景进行比较的动词短语有compare ...to..., compare ...with ...，contrast to；

介绍现象相互间关系的短语有the same ...as ..., as ...as ..., be similar to, be different from；

表示数量比例的词汇有fourfifths, eighty percent, half of, the rest of, a quarter of, three quarters of,...times as ...as/比较级+than ..., the number of ...is ...；

反映社会新貌的句型有Great changes have taken place ...., Now ...has taken on a different look；

介绍社会现象产生的原因的短语有be made by, be caused by, lead to, contribute to；

表达事物作用的短语有play a part in, play a role in, have effect on。

本篇书面表达习作参考答案中的45 percent of, 30 percent of, 10 percent, 15 percent, 48 percent of, 20 percent of, 20 percent, the rest of, play an important role in等短语具有很强的自我特色。

四、 贴切使用过渡性词汇，增强行文连贯性

对不同社会现象进行对比性介绍时可用but, however, while, on the contrary等过渡性词汇；

转换社会现象介绍角度时可用besides, also等过渡性词汇；

介绍社会现象产生不同原因时可用at the same time, in the meanwhile, what’s more, what’s worse等过渡性词汇；

表达因果关系时可用as a result, as a result of, thanks to, therefore, thus等过渡性词汇；

表示转折关系时可用but, however, yet等过渡性词汇；

发表自己观点时可用in my opinion, in the eyes of me, personally, on a personal note, as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned等过渡性词汇；

表达普遍性观点时可用as we all know, as is known to all, generally speaking, in general等过渡性词汇。

相信这些过渡性词汇的使用会有效增强行文的连贯性和观点的说服力。

本篇书面表达习作使用however, besides, as far as I’m concerned等过渡性词汇，增强了语句间的连贯性和观点的说服力。

五、 尽可能使用情感性副词，增强文章的感染性

俗话说，有情有义撼人心，亦真亦诚博高分。为增强文章的感染性，博取阅卷老师的好感，同学们应尽可能使用一些情感性词汇。even, still, only, hardly, certainly, of course, also, too, so, already, at all等副词使用频率高,表达效果好，使用难度小，是十分走俏的情感性词汇,同学们可在自己的书面表达中有选择地用上一两个。另外to our joy, to our surprise, to our disappointment等插入语也有较浓的情感色彩，同学们也可选择使用。

本篇书面表达习作使用only, so, too, simply, at all等情感性副词，增强了文章的感染性。

六、 增强错误回避意识，减少文章失分

写数据式图表作文时不少同学因首句用一般用过去时来交待调查时间，误用一般过去时交待调查所反应的现阶段存在的社会现象，造成大面积时态错误。显然同学们应增强用一般现在时反应现阶段社会现象的意识。

图表式和提纲式英语作文 第7篇

考研英语图表作文的写作指令有两点：① Interpret the chart；② Give your comments。考研英语图表作文与一般作文的最大区别在于第一段，因为考生需要完成写作指令中的第一项任务——interpret the chart。既然是interpret，那就不能简单地把图表中的数据描述一番了事。要知道，描述图表是为了揭示出图表所蕴含的意义，因而描述图表只是手段，而非目的。本文中，笔者就来阐述考研英语图表作文第一段（图表描述段）的写作技巧。要写好这一段，考生需要做到三点：①提炼出图表的主旨；②简要引用数据作为支撑；③掌握描述图表的常用表达。下面笔者就以2010年和2012年的考研英语图表写作真题为例来具体说明。

图表作文题以图表的形式反映某种发展趋势或某个社会现象。因此，考生在描述图表时最重要的就是找出图表所反映的趋势或现象。图表一般都带有标题，它是图表内容的高度概括。所以，考生在下笔描述图表之前一定要细读图表的标题，了解图表的大致内容，然后分析图表中的数据。考生要通过对数据的横向和纵向分析，找出其背后所隐藏的意义，即图表的主旨。

分析：上图是2010年考研英语（二）大作文的图表，体现的是2000～2008年发达国家和发展中国家手机入网用户增长的差异。通过观察图表可以看出：发达国家起点高，但在这九年间手机入网用户数量的增幅却不大，到2008年增加到10亿；发展中国家起点低，但手机入网用户数量增长迅猛，从2003年开始已经超过发达国家，到2008年飙升至40亿。由此考生可以得出这幅图表所要传达的主旨：发达国家和发展中国家手机入网用户数量的增长速度差异很大。

某公司员工工作满意度调查

分析：上图是2012年考研英语（二）大作文的图表，比较了某公司不同年龄段的员工对工作满意度的差异。通过这些数据，考生可以发现这家公司的老年员工对工作最满意，青年员工对工作比较不满意，而中年员工对工作最不满意。由此考生可以提炼出这幅图表的主旨：在这家公司里，不同年龄的员工对工作的满意度差别很大。

既然考研英语图表作文的第一段要interpret the chart，那考生就不仅要描述图表，还要揭示出图表的主旨。确切地说，揭示出图表的主旨更为重要，因为那是作文论述的主题。为此，笔者推荐考生在描述图表时采用“揭示主旨+简要述图”的模式来写，即第一句开门见山地把图表的主旨表达出来，然后第二、三句引用图表中的数据作为支撑来进一步说明。由于描述图表只是手段而非目的，所以描述宜简洁，在引用图表中的数据时一般只需引用最小值、最大值这些特殊值即可，切不可把图表中的数据一股脑儿地都抄上去。

下面是2010年考研英语图表作文第一段的范文，请考生参考。

Developed and developing countries witnessed different rates of growth in mobile-phone subscriptions from 2000 to 2008. As the bar graph shows， the number of mobile-phone subscribers in developed countries rose steadily from 0.7 billion in 2000 to one billion in 2008. By stark contrast， mobile-phone subscribers in developing countries soared from 0.4 billion to four billion in the same period of time.

范文的第一句表明了图表的主旨：发达国家和发展中国家在2000～2008年间的手机入网用户增长率不同。然后用两句话描述图表，通过引用图表中的数据来说明增长率是如何不同的。虽然图表中的数据很多，但是这里只引用了四个极值，从而实现了描述的简化。

再来看2012年考研英语图表作文第一段的范文。

Job satisfaction varies greatly in different age groups within the company. As is shown in the table， workers aged 41 to 50 are least satisfied with their job， with 64% registering dissatisfaction. However， those aged over 50 are most satisfied， with only 10% feeling dissatisfied. As for workers aged 40 and younger， 33.3% are dissatisfied.

范文的第一句表达了这幅图表的主旨：在这家公司中，不同年龄组的员工对工作的满意度差别很大。然后用三句话引用图表中的三个关键数据来具体说明这种差别，简洁而有力。

总之，考生在写考研英语图表作文的第一段时，可以先用一句话概括出图表所反映的现象或趋势，然后引用图表中的关键数据来进一步说明。如果说图表的主旨是“红花”，那么引用的图表中的数据就是“绿叶”，“绿叶”是为了衬托“红花”，不可喧宾夺主。

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为了把图表描述得规范、得体，考生还要掌握描述图表的一些独特的表达方式，主要有以下几类。

1. 图表的说法

考研英语图表作文中不管考的是什么图表，都可以将之统称为chart （图表）。当然，图表又可以细分为以下几种主要类型：2010年所考的可以称为bar graph （条形图，柱状图），2012年所考的可以称为table （表格），1999年考到了line graph （折线图，曲线图），还有一种尚未考过的pie graph （饼状图，扇形图）。掌握了这些词汇，考生就可以根据具体情况贴切地使用了。

2. 从图表中引用数据的说法

考生要引用图表中的数据时，需要使用一些特定的表达法来引出数据，如：

According to the chart/table/graph， …

As the chart/table/graph shows， …

As is shown in the chart/table/graph， …

As can be seen from the chart/table/graph， …

It can be seen from the chart/table/graph that …

3. 描述数量变化时的常用表达

图表中的数据可能有上升、下降的变化，变化也有平稳、急剧之分，考生需要掌握描述数据的常用表达方式。

①表示上升的动词：increase （增加）、rise （上升）、go up （上升）、soar （猛增）、rocket （急剧上升）、jump （跃增）、hit （达到）、top （超过）等。

②表示下降的动词：decrease （减少）、decline （下降）、drop （下跌）、fall （下降）、slip （下跌）、plunge （突降）等。

③表示增、减或波动的句型：

The number of … increased/fell steadily/gradually from … in 2001 to … in 2008.

There was a steady/gradual increase/fall in the number of … from … in 2001 to … in 2008.

There was a slight/sharp increase/fall in the number of … from … in 2001 to … in 2008.

There was a slight/dramatic fluctuation in the number of … between 2001 and 2003.

④表示变化不大或没有变化的句型：

The number of … stayed/remained steady/stable/constant/the same between 2001 and 2003.

There was little/hardly any change in the number of … between 2001 and 2003.

⑤表示达到最高、最低点的句型：

The figure peaked at … in 2008.

The figure reached a peak/a high/a low at … in 2008.

小试牛刀：请考生观察下面这幅1999年考研英语作文的图表，然后按照本文所介绍的描述图表的方法写这篇作文的第一段。

图表式和提纲式英语作文 第8篇

从历年的真题来看，考研英语作文中出现的图表内容可分为两大类：一类是反映某种社会现象，一类是比较不同的趋势或情况。针对这两类图表，考生在分析原因时需要使用两种不同的策略，下面笔者以近几年的考研英语图表作文真题为例来具体分析。

社会现象类： 深入分析，详尽透彻

如果图表反映的是一种社会现象，考生就可以从几个方面来分析这种现象出现的原因，力争深入、透彻。

某高校学生兼职情况

分析：上图是2013年考研英语（二）大作文的图表，反映的是现在有很多大学生在做兼职工作这一现象。对于这个社会现象产生的原因，考生可以分以下几种情况展开论述：有些大学生做兼职是为了挣零花钱，有些大学生做兼职是为了更多地了解社会，而大四的学生主要是为了积累工作经验，等等。为了使分析更加透彻，每个方面最好略作展开。此外，还要注意几个方面之间的连贯性和层次感，这一点可以通过适当地使用同义词和过渡词语来实现。请参考下面的范文。

What’s behind this phenomenon？ Some students work part-time to make pocket money. With living costs soaring， students from disadvantaged backgrounds are eager to help ease their family’s financial burden. Others take a part-time job to know the society better. Take John， a junior at Shanghai University， who is now working at KFC as a waiter. The only son of a well-to-do family， he never lacks money， but he is very happy waiting tables which he says has helped him realize the hardship of making money. The most important factor， however， is perhaps the forbidding job market. With the competition at job fairs getting increasingly fierce， many college students， especially seniors， want to accumulate sorely needed work experience by working as a part-timer.

差异比较类：全面分析，不留疑点

如果图表比较的是两种不同的发展趋势或者几种不同情况，考生在分析原因时就要顾及各个方面。每个方面的原因都要解释到位，不要留下任何疑点。

2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌市场份额示意图

分析：上图是2011年考研英语（二）大作文的图表，比较了国产汽车和进口汽车在国内市场上市场份额的变化。考生在分析这种变化的原因时，首先要分析为什么国产汽车在国内市场上销量迅速增长：随着技术的进步，国产汽车质量提升，而且国产汽车价格便宜。接着，考生还要分析为什么日本汽车在中国市场上销量下降：日本汽车近年来质量丑闻不断，吓跑了潜在的中国购买者；日本一些右翼政客经常大放厥词，令中国的部分年轻人抵制日货。需要指出的是，考生在分析原因时还要抓住重点，如图表中的美系车在中国市场上的销量几乎没有变化，对此考生就无须解释了。请看右栏的参考范文。

There are a number of factors behind this change. The most important one is the rapid development of the Chinese auto industry， which now turns out cars reaching or approaching international standards in reliability and fuel efficiency. Low pricing also contributes to the popularity of domestic brands of cars， which usually cost only one third or even one fifth the price of imported autos. On the other hand， the recent spate of recall scandals of Japanese cars has scared away potential buyers in China. Besides， the right-wing views of some Japanese politicians have led many young Chinese to boycott Japanese cars.