上海市高一牛津英语

上海市高一牛津英语（精选6篇）

上海市高一牛津英语 第1篇

巴黎歌剧院是一座宏伟的建筑。剧院下面有一个怪异、幽暗的湖泊。湖上有一个小岛，一百年前，岛上住着一个幽灵。

因为他出生时长得太丑，他的亲生母亲只得给他戴上面具。她在他小的时候就把他赶

出了家门。他浪迹天涯多年之后，终于在这个小岛上找到了安身之所。但是，这个怪物般的 男人却酷爱唱歌，而且歌喉动人。

他爱上了歌剧院里一个年轻美丽的歌手克里斯汀。他经常在深夜唱歌给她听。因为怕

她看到自己的脸，他就躲在她房间里一堵隐秘的墙后。幽灵教她演唱的技巧，帮她获得歌剧

院里更好的角色。克里斯汀也喜欢听他的声音。

但是，幽灵希望克里斯汀只属于他自己。最后，他当着所有观众的面从舞台上劫持了

她，并把她带到自己在湖上的密室中。只有一个男人勇敢地跟在他们后面。他就是拉乌尔，一个深爱着克里斯汀的年轻男子。拉乌尔拼命想救克里斯汀，但是幽灵擒住子他并把他囚 禁了起来。－

在幽灵的家里，克里斯汀扯下了他的面具，见到了幽灵的真面目、克里斯汀先是感到震 惊，那张可怕的脸上没有鼻子，眼睛焦黄，但随后她却为幽灵所受的苦难感到非常难过。她

理解了他的生活曾是多么孤独。她温柔地亲吻了他的脸

从来没有女人碰过幽灵。克里斯汀的吻使他喜极而泣，他释放了拉乌尔；并且让他把

克里斯汀带到安全的地方。那时，一群人已经赶到了幽灵的住处。他们闯了进去，准备杀死

他。就在那一刻，幽灵神秘地消失了，再也没有出现。

上海市高一牛津英语 第2篇

2. hold up 堵塞，支撑

3. as a mater of fact 事实上，其实

4. worse and worse 越来越坏的

5. be worried about 为～担忧

6. try to do 尽力，去做

7. try doing 尝试做

8. miss many common things 过错许多平常物

9. as well as 和

10. be made of 用～制造

11. be made from 用～制造

12. be made into 被制成

13. be made up of| 由～组成

14. many different types of 许多不同的类型

15. finished products 成品

16. resistant to fire 耐火

17. at a low price 以低的价格

18. find out 弄清楚，弄明白

19. throw sth across the room 把~扔到房子的另一边

20. land on the red-hot stove 落在炽热的火炉上

21. a puff of smoke 一阵烟

22. work with great care 很小心地工作

23. make sure 确定

24. another three years passed 又三年过去了

25. over and over again 一再地

Unit 2

26. as far as 据~，按照

27. on Channel 8 在8频道

28. look up the programme 查看节目单

29. intelligence test 智力测验

30. be worth doing 值得一做

31. be worthy of being done 值得一做

32. be worthy to be done 值得一做

33. TV Guide 电视导报

34. turn to Channel 20 转到20频道

35. be grouped together 被聚集到一起

36. under one roof 在一个屋顶下

37. over the past forty years 在过去四十年期间

38. continue to appear 层出不穷

39. offer a wide choice of 提供广泛的选择

40. with the rise of 随着~的上升

41. experience a number of changes 经历许多的变化

42. be driven out of business 被驱出商业圈

43. it is clear that 显而易见

44. the number of ~ 的数量

45. a number of 许多的，大量的

46. continue into the future 持续到未来

47. grocery store 食品杂货商店

48. household items 家庭用品

49. be divided into 被区分为

50. canned foods 罐装食物

51. bottled drinks 瓶装饮料

52. that is 也就是，即

53. pick out 挑选

54. pay in cash 付现金

55. by credit card 用信用卡

Unit 3

56. language lab 语音室

57. at that time 在那时

58. audio-visual aids 视听设备

59. look up-to-date 看起来新潮

60. the Empire State Building 帝国大厦

61. at first 首先

62. in the center of 在中心

63. a certain poet 某位诗人

64. some poet 某位诗人

65. make arrangements 做出安排

66. be asked to do 应邀做某事

67. be invited to do 应邀做某事

68. give advice on 就提出建议

69. help (to) do 帮助做，有助于做

70. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做谋事

71. make the play successful 使演出成功

72. prove to be a difficult man 证明是个难缠的人

73. definite ideas 固定的念头

74. produce a sunset effect 产生一种日落的效果

75. try out 试用，挑选

76. combination of lights 灯光组合

77. had been dreaming of 一直梦想的

78. ever since 自从以来

79. shout excitedly to the electrician 激动地对着电工喊

80. behind the stage 在舞台后面

81. keep it like that 保持那样的效果

82. why ever not 到底为什么不

83. on fire 着火

84. catch fire 着火

85. play with fire 玩火

86. set fire to 纵火，放火

87. make a fire 生火

88. put out the fire 灭火

89. without saying a word 一言不发

Unit 4

90. without your help 如果没有你的帮助

91. Don’t mention it. 别客气

92. think nothing of it 别想这件事了

93. of great help 很有帮助，能帮上忙

94. play marbles 玩弹子

95. for keeps 占为己有

96. take advantage of 利用

97. make use of 利用

98. youth and ignorance 年幼无知

99. as a result 结果，因此

100. grow fewer and fewer 变得越来越少

101. pretty soon 不久，很快

102. make off 匆匆离开

103. leave sb. alone 丢下某人不管

104. be sorry for 对感到抱歉

105. learn a good lesson 得了一个好教训

106. teach sb. a good lesson 狠狠地教训了某人

107. dry his tears 擦干他的眼泪

108. go buy some more marbles 去再买几个弹子

109. keep them to play with 留着玩

110. deserve to lose 注定要输

111. reply to 回答

112. in one’s turn 轮到某人

113. find out 弄清楚，弄明白

114. at first sight 第一眼，乍一看

115. law and order 治安

116. hold out 提供，伸出

117. play games of chance 玩投机游戏

118. run a risk 冒险

119. in civilized countries 在文明国家里

120. break down 坍塌，坏掉

121. for the same reason 由于相同的原因

122. throw into misery 使突陷悲惨之境

123. end up in theft, robbery 以盗窃、抢劫

124. and crimes of violence 和暴力犯罪而告终

Unit Five

125. relatively new game 相对较新的游戏

126. relatively speaking 相对来说

127. a certain college 某所大学

128. have trouble with 同闹纠纷，在方面有麻烦

129. male student 男学生

130. usual outdoor sports 一般的户外运动

131. on a rather small court 在相当小的场地上

132. violent movement 剧烈运动

133. keep sb from doing 防止某人做某事

134. stop sb from doing 防止某人做某事

135. prevent sb from doing 防止某人做某事

136. get into fights 打架

137. fill the requirements 满足要求

138. in order to make a score 为了得分

139. be thrown into a basket 被投入篮中

140. get its name 得名

141. be added to 被加到上

142. an immediate success 即刻的成功

143. the World Cup 世界杯

144. every four years 每四年

145. from all over the world 来自全世界

146. one quarter 四分之一，一刻钟

147. in the middle of the night 在半夜

148. seem like a true competition 好像一场真实的比赛

149. elimination match 淘汰赛

150. other than 除外

151. compete for the cup 争夺杯

152. cheer enthusiastically for 为助威、加油

153. represent the country’s honor 代表国家荣誉

154. host country 主办国

Unit Six

155. help out 帮助某人摆脱困难

156. take sb to the doctor’s 带某人去看医生

157. miss the meeting 误了开会

158. be obliged to do 被迫做某事

159. be bored with 对感到厌烦

160. desire to do 想要做

161. be claimed to be 据称是

162. within a stone’s throw 一箭之遥

163. house agency 房屋中介

164. arrange to do 安排做某事

165. arrange for sb to do 安排某人做某事

166. have a look at 看一眼

167. at least a kilometer from 离至少一公里

168. object to doing 反对做某事

169. wouldshould be interested to do 想要做某事

170. walk a long way 走很长的路

171. organize entertainment 组织娱乐活动

172. in a public park 在公园里

173. wear a waterproof hat 带防水帽

174. special request 特殊要求

175. as soon as sb can 尽可能快一点

176. as soon as possible

Unit Seven

177. opposite the new railway station 在新客站对面

178. once upon a time 从前，很久以前

179. look down upon 轻视，看不起

180. do not know what to do 不知道该怎么办

181. slip from the horse 从马上滑下

182. fall onto the road 掉到路上

183. fall on the road 摔倒在路上

184. come riding by 骑马过来

185. lend sb a hand 帮某人一个忙

186. give sb a hand 帮某人一个忙

187. do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙

188. It was not will not be long before 不久

189. It was will be long before 很久才

190. one’s heart sank 某人很失望

191. dare not do sth 不敢做某事

192. not dare to do 不敢做某事

193. ask sb for help 求某人帮忙

194. turn to sb for help 求某人帮忙

195. askeg a favor of sb 求某人帮忙

196. so great a man 一位如此重要的人

197. such a great man 一位如此重要的人

198. get off the horse 下马

199. have bad luck 不走运

200. at the right time 正好，恰好

201. in trouble 遇到麻烦

202. fairy tale 神话

203. in memory of 纪念，怀念

204. tell sb of sth 跟某人说起某事

205. fly over the city 飞过城市

206. the rich 富人

207. make merry 作乐

208. starving children 挨饿的孩子们

209. in one another’s arms 互相抱着

210. keep warm 保暖

211. be covered with 被覆盖

212. leaf byafter leaf 一片一片地

213. the living 活着的人

Unit Eight

214. not so well 不太好

215. in a hurry 匆忙地

216. check one’s answers 检查答案

217. If only I had been more careful! 我要是更小心点就好了!

218. How could that be? 那怎么可能呢?

219. I wish I had worked harder. 我要是再努力一点就好了。

220. come to anything difficult 碰到任何难事

221. do sb good 对某人有好处

222. do good to sb 对某人有好处

223. learn sth thoroughly 学得透彻一点

224. be ready to give up 准备放弃

225. do sth worthwhile 做有价值之事

226. accomplish wonders 创造奇迹

227. meet with difficulties 遇到困难

228. all through life 整个人生

229. keep on doing 继续做某事

230. strive to do sth 努力做某事

231. be prepared for 为作好准备

232. grow up 长大

233. have practical use 有实用价值

234. teach students the way to learn 教给学生学习方法

235. in addition 另外

236. not onlybut also 不但而且

237. get along with 与相处，取得进展

238. be different in characters 性格不同

239. A school is a small society. 学校是个小社会。

240. in later life 在以后的生活中

Unit Nine

241. avoiding doing sth 避免做某事

242. consider doing sth 考虑做某事

243. mean to do sth 想要做某事

244. mean doing sth 意味着做某事

245. be filled with 充满了

246. be full of 充满了

247. from all over the world 来自全世界

248. have a great effect on 对有重大影响

249. become very common in 在方面变得很普遍

250. by the end of this century 到本世纪末为止

251. touch on everyone’s life 触及每个人的生活

252. in distant villages 在遥远的村庄里

253. revolutionary invention 革命性的发明

254. stored-program computers 程序存储计算机

255. that is 即，也就是

256. become small in size 体积变小

257. advancements in science 科学的进步

258. make war 打仗

259. improve our lives 改善我们的生活

260. whether or not 不管还是

261. carry out 实施

262. take into consideration 加以考虑

263. there is a limit to 被使用

264. do simple computations 做简单的运算

265. with lightning speed 以闪电般的速度

266. 500,000 times faster than a man 比人快五十万倍

267. no wonder 难怪

268. 10-digit number 十位数

Unit 10

269. It should have been 9 o’clock. 应该是九点

270. How careless of me. 我真粗心

271. apologize for 因而道歉

272. from now on 从现在起

273. for centuries 有好几个世纪

274. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

275. prevent sb from doing sth 防止某人做某事

276. only half as big as the Pacific 只有太平洋一半大

277. at its narrowest 在它的最窄处

278. about 3200 km wide 大约三千二百公里宽

279. for so large an ocean 对于这么大的洋来说

280. the world’s saltiest ocean 世界上最咸的洋

281. be brought to 被带到

282. dry up 干涸

283. seem to have grown smaller 好像已变小

284. make the trip 成行，旅行

285. less than 少于

286. a narrow piece of land 狭窄地带

287. carry diseases 携带疾病

288. be finally opened 最终开通

289. pass through the canal 通过运河

290. pay a fine 付罚款

291. such fast ways of travelling 如此快速的旅行方法

292. suppose no more rain fell into it 假设不再有雨水落入

293. millions of 数百万

Unit Eleven

294. on the bench 在长凳上

295. mean to do 想要做

296. mean dong 意味着做

297. hear sb reciting a poem 听到某人朗诵诗

298. at the English evening 在英语晚会上

299. do a good job 做得好

300. musical instrument 乐器

301. answer to the question 问题的答案

302. play a part in 在中起作用

303. folk song 民歌

304. resounding patriotic song 嘹亮的爱国歌曲

305. at this age 在这个年龄

306. take music lessons 上音乐课

307. listen to popular music 听流行音乐

308. portable radio 便携式收音机

309. latest news 最新消息

310. the old he young 老人、年轻人

311. be available to everyone 人人可得

312. provide sth for sb 提供某物给某人

313. supply sb with sth 给某人提供某物

314. relax our nerves 放松我们的神经

315. belong to 属于

316. classical Western music 西方古典音乐

317. be worth making the effort 值得做出努力

Unit Twelve

318. for quite some time 很长时间

319. what kept you? 什么事耽搁了你?

320. make sure 确认、确定

321. keep sb doing sth 让某人不停地做某事

322. assure sb 向某人保证

323. the other day 几天前

324. a white-haired man 一位白发老人

325. the wrinkles in his face and neck 脸上脖子上手上的皱纹

and on his hands

326. articles on long life 关于长寿的文章

327. be popular with sb 深受某人的欢迎

328. ask for an interview 要求采访

329. get bored doing sth 烦做某事

330. until a little while ago 直到刚才

331. live a full and active life 过着充实积极的生活

332. without a moment’s rest 一刻也不休息

333. smoke a cigarette 吸一支烟

334. on the contrary 相反

335. smoke one’s head off 不停地吸烟

336. as for alcoholic drinks 至于含酒精饮料

337. be bad for health 对健康有害

338. Don’t be silly. 别傻了。

339. Would you mind if 如果你介意吗

340. at work 在工作

341. be aware of 意识到

342. whether or not 不管还是

343. till the last moment of life 直到生命的最后一刻

344. for instance 例如

345. start as a single cell 始于一个单细胞

346. be composed of 由组成

347. suffer from 遭受(的痛苦)

Unit 13

348. 1.a boy named Chen Ming 一个叫陈明的男孩

349. 2.help sb with sth 帮助某人作某事

350. 3.give some advice on 就某事提出建议

351. 4.written English 书面英语

352. That was good of you. 你真好

353. flutter in the wind 在风中飘荡

354. bring the first kites to the West 把风筝带到西方

355. coloured kites 彩色风筝

356. as gifts 作为礼物

357. the Festival of Ascending on High 登高节

358. of different shapes and sizes 形状和大小各不相同

359. fill the sky 布满天空

360. look like dragons and lions 看起来象龙和狮子

361. all day long 一整天

362. fish-shaped kites 鱼状风筝

363. in honour of 向表示致敬

364. by killing a man-eating fish 靠杀死一条食人鱼

365. grass-eating animal 食草动物

366. peace-loving people 爱好和平的人民

367. not only for fun 不仅仅是为了玩

368. throughout history 整个历史中

369. distinctly Chinese activity 明显中国式的活动

370. require skill and patience 需要技巧和耐心

371. be provided free to children 免费提供给孩子们

372. marching bands 游行的乐队

Unit 14

373. ache all over 全身疼痛

374. be jammed in a crowded bus 被堵在一辆拥挤的汽车里

375. quite a few 很多

376. feel squashed 感到被挤扁了

377. in the near future 在不久的将来

378. I can hardly breathe. 我几乎不能呼吸。

379. informal invitation 非正式邀请

380. International Labour Day 国际劳动节

381. have a lot of fun 过得很愉快

382. Remember me to your parents. 代我向你的父母问好。

383. Give my love to your parents. 代我向你的父母问好。

384. accept the invitation 接受邀请

385. straight away 立刻

386. look forward to 盼望

387. hear from 收到某人的来信

388. warmest regards to sb 向某人表示最热烈的问候

389. decline an invitation 谢绝邀请

390. long to do sth 渴望做某事

391. spend vacation with sb 和某人一起度假

392. it’s high time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了

393. be delighted to do sth 很高兴做某事

394. this coming Saturday 本周六

395. aid the elderly and the disabled 帮助老年人和残疾人

396. have a get-together with sb 和某人聚会

上海市高一牛津英语 第3篇

笔者以《英语(牛津上海版)》8B Unit 7 Poems中Reading板块的第二首诗歌“My school”(诗歌详见教学月刊网站www.jxyk.com“资料下载”栏目中的“原文选登”)为例,探索在初中英语阅读课中,如何通过实施有效的跨文化教学策略来优化阅读教学过程,提高教学效益。

一、创设真实的文化情境

跨文化英语教学对个人综合素质培养所起的作用是通过教学内容情景化和个人化来实现的,只有置于具体的情景之中,文化内容才会焕发出活力,才能显现文化对社会和个人的调节和指导功能,才能使学习者身临其境地感受文化的作用。[2]240为此,教师要充分运用现代化的多媒体教学技术与手段,积极创设贴近学生实际生活的文化学习情境,营造浓郁的英语文化学习氛围。同时,教学设计要结合学生已有的学习经历,努力创造跨文化学习的机会,激发学生学习英语文化的兴趣。

阅读教学导入环节,笔者在屏幕上打出了我国著名诗人李白的《静夜思》。学生见后非常好奇:“这到底是要上英语课还是上语文课?”于是笔者与学生开展了以下这段对话。

T: Who wrote the poem?

Ss: Li Bai.

T: Can you talk about him?

S1: Li Bai is one of the most famous Chinese poets.

S2: He was born in Tang Dynasty and his nickname is诗仙.

T: Great! Is there any rhyme in it?

Ss: Yes. It’s -ang.

T: Why did Li Bai write this poem?

S3: Because he wanted to express the feeling ofmissing his hometown.

T: I agree with you. Today we’ll learn an English poem. English poems have the same characters as Chinese ones. They have rhymes and deep meanings,too.

通过这首人尽皆知的中国古诗,学生了解到英语诗歌同样具有丰富的韵律与深刻的思想内涵。整堂课从一开始就沉浸在浓厚的跨文化学习的氛围中,牢牢吸引住学生的注意力。

二、探寻词汇的文化渊源

世界各民族的语言都具有鲜明的文化特征,词汇能够最直接地体现该民族的文化价值取向。在语言的诸要素中,词汇与文化的关系最为紧密。胡文仲认为,词汇“是语言中最活跃、最有弹性的成分,也是文化载荷量最大的成分”。[3]73英语中很多词汇具有深厚的历史渊源。

“My school”第三节的第一句是:Mr. Black wassome times cross. 句中的cross学生以前学过,名词解释为“十字(架)”,动词是“穿越、横过”的意思。但在这里,这两个意思显然都不对。为了处理这个单词,笔者呈现了准备好的图片(见图1)。

学生几乎都知道耶稣是在十字架上殉难的,这是原有的背景知识。于是笔者发问:Do you know what happened after he died? 学生望着图片,个个睁大了眼睛。相传耶稣逝世后,人们把钉他的十字架做成小十字架,称为“圣遗物”。中世纪时,欧洲人宗教迷信极深,视拥有“圣物”为升上天堂的阶梯。骗子乘机把普通木头说成是基督教殉道者的十字架,削成木片,当作“圣遗物”出售图利。[4]当人们发现受骗时,当然很生气。于是,cross便有了“十分愤怒的、脾气不好的”意思。

直接告诉学生答案,可以省下不少时间,但现在这样的教学过程不仅让学生明白了cross解释为“生气”的来龙去脉,而且也使课堂充满了情趣。

三、搭准语音的文化韵律

语音是语言的物质外壳。音素的选择与组合反映了人们对客观世界的适应与感受,一个民族的语音特点与它的文化气质存在一种深层的同构关系。语音的重叠、辅音与元音的变换、韵律等都体现着文化意义。[3]英语诗歌具有丰富的韵律。在教学中,笔者首先介绍了头韵和尾韵的知识。接着,让学生填写表1,找出诗中的韵律。

然后,指出第一、二、四、五节用的是隔行押韵(ABCB型),而第三节 用的是隔 行交互押 韵(ABAB型),让学生了解英语韵律的丰富多彩。之后,进行全班诵读与个别朗读,平面的文字随着声音跃然纸上,完成视觉到听觉的转换。这样不仅完全发挥了语言的听说功能,而且让学生在体验的过程中充分感受英语的韵律之美,领略了别样的异国文化。

四、挖掘语法的文化特质

一个民族的思维方式、思维特征和思维风格通常具有深厚的民族文化渊源。与语言的其他部分相比,语法更隐蔽地存在于说话者的思维方式中。[3]68一个语言群体的思维方式和文化特点必然会影响这种语言的语法规则和系统。因此,语法也带有相应的文化成分。

本诗共五节,作者以第一人称叙述了发生在学校的故事。语言简洁明了,结构清晰,没有出现新的语法项目,似乎很容易理解。可细心观察后,我们就会发现,作者采用现在时和过去时相互交替的手法,尤其在第三、四节描述两位教师时全部使用了过去时。尽管在第二节,作者已明确表示:

I want to talk about the school,

I loved when I was small.

学生还是提出了疑问:Why does the author use so many past tenses in the poem?

笔者在备课时已考虑到了这个现象。根据隐喻认知模式,不论过去时间与现在时间之间,还是事实与虚拟之间,都是一种距离。英语动词过去时是一个表示过去时间的语法范畴,由于过去时间与现在时间或将来时间之间存在着距离,这种时间距离又映射到现实距离,并进一步映射到心理距离,因此经常用来表示虚拟和礼貌。[5]所以,过去时除了表示过去时间,在某些情况下也可表示现在时间或将来时间。这种在语法形式与语法意义间矛盾的语法现象,经上述隐喻和认知语法理论的阐释,显得合情合理。

于是,笔者解释道:

The author uses so many past tenses in order to express his or her politeness. It is a special form of English grammar. And it is also special in English culture.

五、赏析修辞的文化魅力

语言是表达思想的工具,修辞是语言表达的艺术。[6]修辞就是依据题旨情境,恰当地选择语言手段,选择表达方式,以有效地表达思想感情。因此,语言本体中不能没有修辞。[7]同理,英语教师在教授英语时,如果不教修辞,那是多么大的遗憾!英语中处处可见修辞的影子,教师要善于发现并积极呈现给学生,让学生通过学习修辞来赏析英语的文化魅力。

英语诗歌包含着丰富的修辞现象,所以是开展修辞教学的极佳素材。教学中,可以先介绍文中出现的几种修辞,如:

(1)明喻(Simile)———用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,通常用like或as连接。如:a face likean owl,as white as snow。

(2)隐喻(Metaphor)———又称暗喻,用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,句子中不出现like或as。如:She has a river of tears。

(3)层进(Climax)———不是“高潮”或“顶点”之意,而是一层层地推进与加强的意思。

(4)突降(Anticlimax)——采用突然下降的手法,从严肃、深刻、重要等概念急转到滑稽、平庸、琐碎等概念上,造成语义上大的反差,从而获得鲜明、幽默的艺术效果。

然后,让学生选择诗节中涉及的修辞种类(括号中为答案)。

( C)Verses 1—3A. Simile

(A C)Verse 4 B. Metaphor

(B D)Verse 5 C. Climax

D. Anticlimax

最后,再向学生详细讲解文中的修辞及作用。第一至第四节采用层进手法,从过去的学校、教师谈到对现任教师Miss Li很满意。第四节最后一句“Her lessons seemed like play”采用明喻 手法,赞扬了Miss Li的课有趣、轻松。到第五节,说“staff和students都不是真的,而是dolls”。这里的dolls就是教师和学生,同时出现隐喻和突降手法。作者把教师和学生比作娃娃,可见是喜欢学校和老师的。那么,有学生问,作者为什么不直接说,而要用这种拐弯抹角的方式来表达情感呢?这就涉及语篇中的文化含义。

六、揭示语篇的文化内涵

语言的使用与民族和文化之间的联系也可在篇章分析中得到体现。人们在交际过程中要遵循一定的原则。其中,礼貌就是最重要的原则之一。Lakoff认为,“避免冒犯对方比清楚表达自己的思想更为重要。交流思想与保持和增强两者之间的关系相比处于次要地位”。[2]108在高权力距离(High-power Distance)文化(如中国、韩国等)中,礼貌语言的使用非常重要,人们会使用多种语言手段来维持和谐友好的关系。

在“My school”的第一节中,作者说这首诗是Miss Li布置的作业,即交代清楚作者是学生,文本阅读的对象是教师。第三句“I wrote these verses on my own”与第四句“I hope you’re pleased with me”明白无误地告诉我们,作者意图取悦老师,体现了社会等级差别是礼貌的语用因素之一。接着,在第二、三、四节,作者用过去时描述了以前的学校与两位教师,进一步用语法体现了礼貌原则。通过对比Mr. Black来突出Miss White的好,逐步过渡到对现任教师Miss Li的喜欢。到第五节,作者似乎意识到前面的表述有些直白,于是笔锋一转,说老师、学生都是dolls。其真正的意图是想通过这种较大反差来间接地表达对现在学校与老师的喜爱,似乎“爱你在心口难开”。

整首诗给人的感觉用作者自己的话说就是个puzzle。中国属于高语境文化(High-context Cultures)国家,高语境文化的特点是含糊其辞,总认为对方应该知道自己想说什么,而不具体言明。[2]因此,篇章话语不仅由语言构成,而且更是语言与国家文化、民族传统、社会思想等相互作用的产物。经过这样的深入分析,文章的真实意境与作者的真正意图也就不难理解了。

为帮助学生更好地理解本文语篇中蕴藏的文化内涵,笔者设计了下列问题:

1. Does the author finish the homework? How doyou know?

2. Why does the author think Miss Li will be puzzled by her words?

3. Why does the author pretend to have dollteachers and doll students?

4. What does the author want to express in thepoem?

采用小组活动的方式讨论上述问题,然后小组成员一起汇报,每人回答一个问题,组员间可以相互帮助。其他小组判断谁的回答更符合文章的真实语境。最后,猜测本文的作者是中国人还是外国人。这样的练习人人参与、协调分工,没有标准答案的禁锢能训练学生的拓展性思维,培养合作学习的精神。此环节中,学生不仅学习了英语的深度文化,而且在潜移默化中培养了跨文化交际的意识。

语言是文化的载体,文化是语言的重要组成部分。随着新课改的不断深入,在英语阅读教学中融合文化元素的重要性正日益凸显出来。教师要深入研读教材,根据学生的水平、生活经验与实际教学需要,对教材进行合理开发和利用,创造性地开展跨文化的英语阅读教学。通过创设真实的文化情境,从词汇、语音、语法、修辞、语篇等不同角度为学生展现一幅色彩斑斓的英语文化学习的立体画卷。这样不仅激发了学生的阅读兴趣,培育了思维,发展了学习策略,促进了语言能力的提高,而且让学生在了解外国文化的基础上,更清晰地认识并加深了对祖国文化的理解,帮助他们开阔视野,开放跨文化交流的胸怀,让学生在体验跨文化学习的过程中增强跨文化意识,初步形成跨文化交际的能力,全面提升综合人文素养。

参考文献

[1]中华人民共和国教育部.义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)[S].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2012:2.

[2]张红玲.跨文化外语教学[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2007.

[3]肖仕琼.跨文化视域下的外语教学[M].广州:暨南大学出版社,2010.

[4]何永利.英文趣典[M].北京:中国华侨出版社,2000:54-55.

[5]侯奕松.隐喻研究与英语教学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2011:162.

[6]李鑫华.英语修辞格详论[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000:1.

上海市高一牛津英语 第4篇

摘 要:英语教学最重要的是培养学生的英语应用能力,而牛津版教材遵循现代语言教学理念及学生的认知规律设计,为提高学生的英语素养提供了坚实的基础,但是更重要的是教学过程。本文对牛津高中英语教材的特点进行了分析,并对如何利用教材实施教学进行了探讨。

关键词:英语教学 牛津版 实践 综合素质

一、高中英语课程教学的意义

高中英语课程是义务教育后普通高级中学的一门主要课程。普通高中英语课程是义务教育阶段课程的自然延伸,也是基础教育阶段课程的重要组成部分。学习英语不仅符合新世纪对人才素质的需要,符合信息时代的要求,符合多元化社会的需要,而且有利于开发学生的智力、使学生形成良好的性格、高尚的品格和坚强的意志。

语言技能是语言运用能力的重要组成部分;包括听、说、读、写四个方面的技能以及这四种技能的综合运用能力;既是学习的内容,又是学习的手段。

二、牛津高中英语教材特点分析

牛津高中英语新教材的编写结构和特点分析如下:牛津高中英语教材采用模块划分的方式,一个模块三至四个单元,一个单元七个版块,即:welcome to the unit;reading;wordpower;grammar and usage;project;self-assessment。其中Welcome to the unit部分通过照片、图片等引出一个或几个相关话题,由下面三个问题引发讨论,这三个问题大多是开放性的。该部分教学,既是一种读前热身,也是对本单元话题的一种导入,有利于激活学生已有的相关知识,为接下来阅读和后面一系列活动做好铺垫。Reading部分包括:读前问题A,阅读材料本身B,读后练习C-F,和紧跟在阅读文章后面的Reading strategy。A中有三到四个问题,练习快速阅读。B则是阅读文章,对话或短文,跨两页。C是关于文章的更多问题,从更多的细节到文章的深层理解。D要求根据上下文猜测和理解词义。E要求根据课文意义完成短文,综合理解。F是拓展延伸练习,依据与课文相关的话题或细节开展讨论。该部分既是教学的重点,也是教学上的难点;Word power则从两个方面帮助学生学习新的单词,力求快速、高效地扩大词汇量。

三、课程教学的思考

1.应用情景教学法

是指运用目的语的环境。学习语言只有在一定的情景中才能正确理解和运用。教师应利用真实的环境或设置模拟的情景进行语法教学。其中包括利用实物、真实的语境、体态语言、非语言手段以及多媒体等手段,使语法教学更形象化、直观化、真实化和趣味化。

可以利用图片呈现目标,设置举例型任务。例如在总结“Its+adj.+for sb.+to do”的句型时,可以借助图片进行教学,教学效果较好。先呈现第一幅交通灯为红色的图,然后问学生:When the traffic lights are red, whats dangerous for you to do?“学生很快回答:Its dangerous for us to cross the road.我把这句话写在黑板上,让学生对这个句型产生印象。

2.通过分析归纳法

即教师先向学生逐步渗透具体的语言现象,然后让学生观察、分析并找出规律,归纳和总结出语法规则。这样就能使语法知识更容易被学生接受、理解和掌握。例如:在复习不定式做宾语的句型结构时,我先启发学生:Do you think it very important for you to learn English?学生会立刻回答:Yes.我就把“I think it very important to learn English well.”的句子呈现到黑板上。此时,不急于点明“to do”的用法,而是请学生用完成句子的形式来呈现更多的句子,以检验学生对语法要点的理解。如:

We feel it possible (赢得比赛的胜利)。

例如在呈现每个句子时留出一定时间让学生两人一组讨论,待学生完成句子后,让他们思考这些句子结构是否相同,学生通过观察分析发现它们结构相同,进一步问他们能否总结一下它们相同的句型结构。学生通过比较分析,很容易找到规律,归纳出结构如下:主语+动词(feel/find/think…)+it+adj.+to do,让学生们注意句型中“it”和“to do”的关系,学生很快发现他们在句子中的成分相同,“it”称为形式宾语,“to do”称为真正的宾语。

3.通过教材内容进行素质教育

例如,在Book 9 Unit 2中,作者从希腊古城的介绍引出了古希腊人对西方文明的影响;在随后的文章中又介绍了中国的明清皇家陵墓这些文化遗产,这些宏伟的建筑表明了古代劳动人民智慧的结晶。学生阅读了这些课文会更加清楚地认识到古代文明对人类的发展做出了巨大的贡献,努力保护先人们留下的文化遗产,潜移默化地影响学生的文化价值观。

4.牛津高中英语教学和体验教学的结合点

体验学习(Experiential Learning)的思想最初来自美国著名教育家杜威的“经验学习”。体验学习是一种以学习者为中心的学习方式,是指学习者在通过对实践活动的结果进行反思、抽象概括并再次付诸实践验证后获得新的知识、技能和情感态度的学习过程。通过对牛津高中英语的教材结构体系和教学方法的分析可以发现它与体验教学法的结合点,具体体现在:

就学习的内容来看,牛津高中英语的单元构成模式是以某一话题为中心,围绕该话题安排一系列听、说、读、写的学习任务。这与体验教学所提倡的学生通过体验进行学习的思路不谋而合,学生在完成一系列与单元话题有关的练习的同时,既学习了语言知识,提高了语言技能,又能就该话题进行讨论,分享一些与自身生活经验密切相关的意见和看法。这一学习方式更有利于促进其内在的知识和情感建构。

四、结束语

课堂教学应努力引导学生从被动接受知识,转为主动探索知识,变“学会”为“会学”。要做到这点必须对学生进行学法指导。作为一个实施素质教育的执行者,我们教师一定要根据每个单元的不同课时的需要,引导学生掌握学习方法,让他们主动参与教学活动,调动他们的学习积极性和主观能动性,形成以学生思维为核心,以育人为目的的素质教育教学模式。

参考文献:

1.姜定虹.如何在牛津英语教学中实施素质教育.雅安职业技术学院学报.2006年第3期

2.程新建.浅议牛津高中英语课程资源的有效利用.科技风.2009年第7期

3.戴世浩.牛津高中英语教材词汇教学浅议.外语教学与研究.2009年第1期

4.黄海生.析《牛津高中英语》课本中人文思想的教育.英语教师.2009年第3期

5.李冲锋.杜威论经验与教育.宁波大学学报(教育科学版).2006年第2期

高一牛津英语课文 第5篇

Mom: Yes, I can’t wait to surprise the boys!

Suddenly a door opens and a soccer ball flies through the room.Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog, walking very slowly.Eric: Mom!Dad!You’re back early!(looking around room, sounding frightened)But, but---you weren’t supposed to come home until tomorrow!The dog slowly walks to Mom and Dad.Mom:(Bending to touch dog)Eric, he’s so tired and hungry!(looking at table)The money for dog food is gone, but Spot looks like he is starving!What did you do with the cash we left? Dad: And look at this room— garbage all over the place!Where is your brother?(shouting angrily)Daniel!Daniel:(running into room)Mom, Dad, I can explain---Dad opens the curtains and light comes into the room.The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.Mom and Dad both turn towards Daniel.Dad:(sounding very angry)listen to me, young man----we left you in charge? We thought you could act like an adult!I don’t know the reason why the house is so dirty---Mom: Daniel, we thought you were an adult, a person from whom we could expect good decisions.Dad: How can we trust you any more? We won’t tolerate such behavior in our house!

Daniel:(shouting)Stop shouting at me.I’m still a teenager!Why is everything always my fault? Daniel runs into his bedroom and slams the door.Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out.Act two, scene one Daniel and Eric’s bedroom.Eric sits on his bed.Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.Daniel: They never even gave me a chance to explain.I hate them!Eric: You don’t hate them.I can tell them we had an emergency.Then they won’t be mad anymore.Daniel: No, don’t tell them anything.Anyhow they didn’t trust me.They don’t deserve an explanation.Let them think what they want.Eric: But Daniel, if they knew that Spot was sick and we used the money to take him to the clinic---Daniel: And that we spent all of yesterday waiting there for him and that is why we had no time to clean the house---but no, Eric, why didn’t they ask me what happened instead of shouting at me? Act two, scene two Mom: Do you think we were too hard on Daniel? Perhaps there is a reason why the house is a mess…

上海市高一牛津英语 第6篇

A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense

2. National day is _______by seven days of holiday in our country.

A. congratulated B. observed C. held D. cheered

3. ________him and then try to copy what he does.

A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch

4. The storm stopped but the waves were still______ the shore.

A. striking B. hitting C. beating D. knocking

5. We all ______you good luck in the coming examination.

A. hope B. expect C. wish D. want

6. Attention, please. And keep _______when I am taking a photograph of you.

A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent

7. --------What do you think of the TV play” The Meteor Garden”?

--------I take no interest in it. One of the reason is that such a life is out of our ______.

A. mind B. reach C. sight D. point

8. To work honestly________ in the long run.

A. pays up B. pays off C. pays back D. pays for

9. His work was most unsatisfactory, so we paid him______ at the end of the week.

A. off B. away C. down D. up

10. Can you _____what happened in you childhood to your present state of mind?

A. connect B. keep in touch with C. relate D. join to

11. Having seized the historical developing opportunity, we Chinese people are_____ all the advantages we have, heading for the goal.

A. trying our best of B. going all out of

C. sparing no effort of D. making the best of

12. The doctor keeps________ touch________ telephone_________ his patients.

A. in; with; with B. in: by; with

C. on; by; with C. on; with; by

13. All of________ sudden, I caught_______ sight of my English teacher in the crowd, smiling to me. I calmed down.

A. a; 不填; B. a; a; C. 不填;a; D. 不填;不填;

14. Ronaldo was_____ to win the 100-meter hurdles race, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance.

A. possible B. probable C. likely D. maybe

15. People there soon came to regard the white settlers as their ________enemy.

A. deadly B. dying C. dead D. death

16. Though he was not rich enough, his wife often asks him for_____.

A. jewels B. jewelries C. a jewellery D. jewel

17. Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all the people_____ those who had already taken them.

A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that

18. ______Wang Mei, two more girls in our class took part in 1500-metre race and she won the first.

A. Except B. Except for C. Besides D. But

19. I know nothing about the meeting_____ it was held.

A. besides B. except C. except for D. except where

20. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially_______ Father was away in France.

A. as B. that. C. during D. if

21. ----How are you getting on with your work?

----All goes well as _____.

A. planned B. to be planed C. being planned D. planning

22.Please go and _________a good meal. We shall have the honor of Mr White’s staying for supper.

A. prepare for B. prepare c. get ready for D. have

23. In our childhood, we are often________ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.

A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped

24.If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would_______.

A. act B. help C. serve D. last

25. What surprised me was not what he said but ______he said it.

A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which

26. He got to the station early, _______missing his train.

A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of

27. ----Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?

-----Yes. He had never praised him_______ he become one of the top student in his grade.

A. after B. unless C. until D. when

28. ---How did you sleep last night?

---Like a dog. Never slept_______.

A. well B. deeply C. better D. best

29. The matter_______ your fate can’t be taken for granted.

A. in relation to B. has relation to C. has relations with D. to relate to

30. I am sure that David will be able to find the library----he has a pretty good_____ of direction.

A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense

31. When he come to, he found himself____ in hospital.

A. lay B. was lying C. lain D. lying

32. With fewer people_______ hens, the price of eggs________.

A. rising; rises B. raising; raises C. rising; raises D. raising; rises

33. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style_______ in a personal style.

A. rather than B. other than C. better than D. more than

33. ----let me have a look at your new stamp.

----here it is.

----_____with mine, yours is ______.

A. to compare; with great value B. comparing; having great value

C. compared; of great value D compare; great valuable

34. Keep_____ to us or you’ll lose your way.

A. closed B. next C. close D. nearly

35. All she needed to ____to her happiness was a baby.

A. finish B. complete C. add D. receive

36. In a word, I don’t think what you said________ at all.

A. makes sense B. makes no sense C. is of little importance D. has a sense

37. The theory which has been against for many centuries______ true.

A. proved B. proved to be C. turned out to be D. all of above

38. ----I’m leaving now.

----Make sure_____ the door.

A. for you to lock B. to have locked C. of locking D. you lock

39. She is beautiful and kind. She is really fit______ you to get married______.

A. of; to B. for; to C. of: with D. for; with

40. It takes almost a whole night for a train to_____ the large province, for it____a bout three time zones.

A. cover; covers B. travel; has C. cover; has D. travel; covers

41. I come into _______with all kinds of people in my work.

A. contract B. attack C. attract D. contact

42._______came that he was punished by the King for he didn’t________.

A. A word, keep his words B. The word, keep his word

C. Word, keep a word D. Word, keep his word

43. I’m sorry, I’m not______ position to _______ you financially.

A. in a, help B. on the , help C. at a, helping D. in the, help

44.I couldn’t help_____ the computer because I was not free at that time.

A. repairing B. repair C. to repairing D. repaired

45. She would not______ the fact that she______ the lowest grades in the recent maths exam in her class.

A. receive; accepted B. accept; received

C. admit; accepted D. realized; got

46. The River Nile______ flood large areas, but now its water______ produce electricity.

A. was used to; is used to B. used to; is used to

C. was used to: is using to D. used to uses to

47. Before the final examination, many students have shown______ of tension. Some have trouble in sleeping while others have lost their appetite.

A. anxiety B. marks C. signs D. remarks

48. Tasting _____, this kind of fried chicken sells _______.

A. well; good B. to be good; well C. good; well D. to be well; good

49. My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______ , he could neither sleep nor eat.

A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise

50. We can’t ______ other countries in trade if we don’t develop our national economy.

A. compete for B. compete against C. catch up D. catch with

51. Tom and Mary______ in , that is to say, They_____ for 5 years.

A. married; have married B. have been married; got married

C. got married; have been married D. were married; have married

52. Washington, a state in the United states, was named_______ one of the greatest American presidents.

A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of

53. Our country has a _____ history of 5000 years.

A. recording B. recorded C. record D. records

54. Eating to much can ______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.

A. result from B. contribute to C. attend to D. devote to

55. He_____ to escape from the prison, but he couldn’t find anybody to help him.

A. succeeded B. attempted C. advised D. offered

56. We must have a limit____ the expense of the trip.

A. about B. to C. in D. for

57. The young man______ in studying paid no attention to the outside world.

A. involved B. involving C. to be involved D. being involved

58. Please_____ all these figures to see how much they_____.

A. add; add up to B. add up: add up to C. add up; add up D. add; add to

59. If you fight_____ a better future, first of all, you should fight_____ the difficulties.

A. /; for B. against; with C. for; against D. with; /

60. None of us expected the chairman to _____ at the party, we thought he was still in hospital.

A. turn in B. turn over C. turn up D. turn down

61. The plane crashed and they______ on a _____ island in the Pacific Ocean.

A. landed; deserting B. were landed; deserting

C. landed; deserted D. were landed; deserted

62. Thank you, but I’ll have to____ your offer.

A. turn away B. turn down C. turn back D. turn off

63. My English teacher often______ far into night going over the books.

A. stayed up B. stayed C. remained D. kept

64. As is known to us, theory is based on practice and______ serves practice.

A. by chance B. in turn C. in return D. in reply

65. The_____ to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.

A. ruin B. destruction C. damage D. harm

66. When we found a cook_____ , he will be dismissed.

A. smoke B. smoking C. smoked D. to smoke

67. What he has in mind is beyond____ . No one can tell what she will do next.

A. imagination B. control C. description D. belief

68. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ______, she is a great musician.

A. After all B. As a result C. In other words D. As usual

69. I’d like to buy a house-------modern, comfortable, and_____ in a quiet neighborhood.

A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all

70. We are all fond of _____.

A. journey B. trip c. voyage D. travel

71. The soldier was_____ of running away when the enemy attacked.

A. scolded B. charged C. accused D. punished

72. The Chinese people fought_____ the Japanese invaders_______ freedom over 8 years.