2018 年 11 月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题英译汉passage 1I’m frequently asked to define the Sharing Economy and decided it was high time to pen the definitive answer. The Sharing Economy is a socio-economic ecosystem built around the sharing of human, physical and intellectual resources. It includes the shared creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services by different people and organizations.People are at the heart of a Sharing Economy; it is a People’s Economy. The participants of a Sharing Economy are individuals, communities, companies, organizations and associations, all of whom are deeply embedded in a highly efficient sharing system, to which all contribute and benefit from. These are the most important features of a Sharing Economy.In a Sharing Economy, production is open and accessible to those who wish to produce. Internet technologies and networks enable the development of products and services in a collective manner, transcending geographical boundaries. 3D printing offers a more local production of goods, shortening supply chains and increasing efficiency and access.In a Sharing Economy, value is seen not purely as financial value, but wider economic, environmental and social value. The Sharing Economy is based on both material and non-material or social rewards and encourages the most efficient use of resources.Instead of being viewed as resource in the wrong place, waste has value. A Sharing Economy enables ‘waste’ to be reallocated where it is needed and valued. The system uses technology to re-distribute or trade unused or ‘sleeping’ assets, generating value for people, communities and companies. Being a member of a car club, for example, and paying for what you use, is seen as preferable and smarter than bearing the cost, burden, resource wastage and idling capacity of ownership.A Sharing Economy puts both people and planet at the heart of the economic system. Value creation, production and distribution operate in harmony with the available natural resources, not at the expense of the planet, promoting the flourishing of human life within environmental limits. Environmental responsibility, including the burdens of environmental damage, are shared; among people, organizations, and national governments.In a Sharing Economy, information and knowledge is shared, open and accessible. Communications are distributed; knowledge and intelligence are widely accessible, easily obtained and can be used by different individuals, communities or organizations in different ways for different purposes. Technology and social networks enable the flow of communications and support the sharing of information. This system promotes easily accessible education of a high level, enabling everyone to access the information, skills and tools they need to succeed.Whilst the Sharing Economy is currently in its infancy, this is...
