Tips:托福写作真题共 251 篇，其中综合写作 72 篇，2020 年和 2021 年的共 71篇。托福真题都是近年考过的题目，都在考试题库中，多刷大概率遇到原题。1.Scientists have long believed that bees existed up to some 200 million years ago. This notion hasrecently come under some speculation because of a lack of any significant evidence to support thistheory. Key missing evidence includes fossil records, the lack of flowering plants to support beelife, and recently revealed discrepancies in the fossil record.To date, the oldest known bee discovered is a 100 million-year-old specimen preserved in amber.This ancient specimen, trapped in tree resin, is at least 35-45 million years older than any otherknown bee fossil. What is concerning scientists is the lack of any fossil evidence older than 100million years. Fossil records for other plant, animal and insect species are quite complete, however,the bee is missing a similarly lengthy record.The ancient world lacked flowering plants. This is important because bees are pollen-dependentand rely on flower pollen and nectar for energy, protein and other nutrients. Flora in the ancientworld 200 million years ago were mostly dominated by conifers which did not flower or producethe pollen and nectar necessary for bee survival. Lacking this food source, it is highly skepticalthat bees could have existed 200 million years ago.Several of the fossil records being studied by scientists have also brought to light majordiscrepancies that exist between modern beehives and beehives of the ancient world. Specifically,ancient beehives seem to have a different organization and structure compared to that of modernbeehives. This variance in evidence in the fossil record has led experts to speculate that thesefossils are not fossils of beehives, but rather nests of another insect species.Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on thespecific theories discussed in the reading passage.听力原文：Using the limited fossil record and apparent lack of evidence to deny the existence of bees 200 million years ago is faulty. The reasons put forth in your textbook do not adequately explain what we currently know about the history of the bee. For instance, 200 million years ago the earth did not have resin-producing trees to trap insects and make fossils. Other methods for fossil creation involve a dead organism being covered by layers and layers of sediment.The conditions for this type of fossil creation are particularly fickle and many organisms escape leaving a fossil record. This can completely explain why we don’ t have records of bees 200 million years ago. While it is true that bees are pollen-dependent, it is also true that bees can find other sources of food besides flowering plants. It has been widely observed that bees are attracted to trees that excrete honeydew, a sugary excretion from...
