Urban Development in the United States in the Nineteenth Century

Urban Development in the United States in theNineteenth CenturyIn discussing the growth of cities in the United States in the nineteenthcentury, one cannot really use the term “urban planning,” as it suggestsmodern concerns for spatial and service organization which, in mostinstances, did not exist before the planning revolution called the CityBeautiful Movement that began in the 1890s. While there certainly wereurban areas that were “planned” in the comprehensive contemporary sense ofthe word before that date, most notably Washington, D.C., these were theexception. Most “planned” in the nineteenth century was limited to areas muchsmaller than a city and was closely associated with developers trying to makea profit from a piece of land. Even when these small-scale plans were welldesigned, the developers made only those improvements that were absolutelynecessary to attract the wealthy segment of the market. Indeed, it was theabsence of true urban planning that allowed other factors to play such animportant role in shaping the nineteenth-century American city.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.A.Understanding the growth of cities in nineteenth-century Americarequires recognizing how the City Beautiful Movement of the 1890schanged “urban planning.”B.For the most part, there was no “urban planning,” as that term isunderstood today, before the beginning of the City Beautiful Movementin the 1890s.C.Concerns for spatial and service organization had little impact on thegrowth of cities before the 1890s when the City Beautiful Movementbegan.D.The growth of cities in nineteenth-century America resulted in thecreation of the City Beautiful Movement in the 1890s and the rise of theterm “urban planning.”According to paragraph 1, Washington, D.C. wasA.a typical nineteenth-century American cityB.a city that was planned in separate sections by land developersC.the very first city in America to be described as “planned”D.one of the few cases of true urban planning in America before the1890sSelect the TWO answer choices that, according to the paragraph 1, bestdescribe most urban plans in the nineteenth century. To receive credit, youmust select TWO answers.A.They were created to profit land developers.B.They typically affected only part of a city rather than the whole city.C.Theirsuccesssometimesdirectlyledtoothernecessaryimprovements in cities.D.They were carefully reviewed by city governments.Three forces particularly affected the configuration of urban and suburbanareas in the nineteenth century: economics, transportation technology, anddemographics. Added to these was the characteristic American preferenceboth for independent living, usually associated with having an individual,free-standing h...