单片机自动控制交通灯及时间显示资料

第 1 页 共 46 页摘 要根据8051单片机的特点及交通灯在实际控制中的特点，本文提出一种用单片机自动控制交通灯及时间显示的方法。同时给出了软硬件设计方法,设计过程包括硬件电路设计和程序设计两大步骤，对在单片机应用中可能遇到的重要技术问题都有涉足。本文对十字路口状态预设为两种，一种是正常状态，另一种是故障或紧急状态，并分别用黄、红绿色灯的不同组合来表示。本文介绍了控制基本原理以及控制的表现，同时也介绍了城市交通信息系统的设计目标, 开发途径及其系统结构与功能和数据地理编码、建库, 同时 论述了系统中交通现状、交通管理、交通规划及背景信息查询模块的建造及应用。介绍了用于城市交叉路口的三色程控交通信号时间显示器的研制方案，对其电源供电、发光二极管构成的负载结构、灯色时间检测都给出了精巧合理的优化结构，大幅度地提高了产品可靠性并降低了制造成本。关键词：8051单片机；交通灯；自动控制；时间显示器；软件；硬件；定时器；延时；外部中断AbstractAccording to the feature of SCM8051 and the characteristics of traffic lights in real control,the article puts forward the method of using sigle-chip microcomputer to control automatically the traffic signal lights and time-show.The method of realization of hardware has also been given,the whole process included hardware circuit designing and program designing,in which some important technique problem that may meet during the use of Singlechip involved.In this paper，the state of crossing was designed as two states.One is normal,another breackdown or urgent,which are expressed with different colour lamp named yellow、red and green.The basic principle and method of controlling are introduced.In this paper, the design goals, development ways, system structure, system functions, geographic codes and data base of the Urban Traffic Information System (U T IS) were presented. 1 第 2 页 共 46 页Furthermore, the development and the application tests of the traffic situation model, thetraffic management model, the traffic plan model and the background information inquirement model of U T IS were discussed.This paper introduces the development scheme of three-colour programmable traffic signal time indicator used in the level-crossing of our city,and gives its power supply,load construction made by LED and time detection of traffic lamp colour a reasonable optimize structure.The reliability of Product is substantiallyimproved while the cost is reduced.Key Words:SCM8051；traffic lights；automatic control；time indicator；hardwore；softwore timer；delay；external interrupt引言 交通的发达，标志着城市的发达，相对交通的管理则显得越来越重要。对于复杂的城市交通系统，为了确保安全，保证正常的交通秩序，十字路口的信号控制必需按照一定的规律变化，以便于车辆行人能顺利地通过十字路口。考虑到单片机具有物美价廉、功能强、使用方便灵活、可靠性高等特点，拟采用MCS - 51系列的单片机来实现十字路口交通信号灯的控制。 正常情况下，十字路口的红绿灯应交替变换，考虑紧急情况下，如有救护车或警车到来时，应优先让其通过。 在本文中，用发光二极管来模拟信号灯，救护车的优先通过请求信号由外部中断技术来模拟。要求使用 8051定时器/ 计数器0作为定时器，假设南北和东西的通车时间都为30 s ，外部中断的延时为10 s ，要求对通行时间进行倒计时，从P1 口输出，在LED上显示并进行递减。以此来实现十字路...