Unit14 重点、难点

Unit14 重点、难点（精选6篇）

Unit14 重点、难点 第1篇

14夜莺的歌声

1.这是一篇讲读课文，记叙了在前苏联卫国战争时期，一个小男孩协助游击队歼灭一伙德国法西斯强盗的故事。表现了苏联少年儿童的机智、勇敢和爱国主义精神。

课文一开始就交待了故事发生的时间――战斗刚结束。课文先写德国兵发现了学夜莺叫的孩子，并叫他带路，在孩子与德国兵的最初的对话中，德国军官想从孩子的嘴里探听消息，对孩子软硬兼施，威胁引诱，而小男孩总是沉着、自然地应对，话语中流露出对敌人的憎恨，却又让德国军官觉得他不过是一个天真不懂事的孩子。进而相信了他的话，并要他带路。表现了小男孩的机智勇敢和爱憎分明的思想感情。

再写孩子把德国兵带进茂密的树林里。队伍出发了，敌军军官与小男孩“俩人并排着走”，可见德国军官非常狡猾;孩子“有时候学夜莺唱、有时候学杜鹃叫”，这样边走边玩。表面看来这孩子实在是太天真，太幼稚，实际上是小男孩为麻痹敌人，以便后来他用鸟声同游击队联系时不致引起敌人的怀疑。德国军官问树林里有没有游击队，孩子用“蘑菇”岔开(在德文中“游击队”一词的发音与“蘑菇”的发音相近。)，这些都表现了他的机智。

然后写了游击队从“夜莺”的歌声中了解到敌情，做好了战斗准备。“树林深处，有几个游击队员埋伏在那里”，暗示孩子已把德国兵带进了游击队的伏击圈。游击队员从“夜莺”和“杜鹃”的叫声中了解了敌情，可见孩子和游击队保持着经常的联系，并多次用这种方式进行联系，多次协助游击队消灭敌人。“如果我们出了什么事，你们可不要忘了小夜莺”。游击队员的这句话，说明他们和小夜莺之间的关系十分亲密。

最后讲游击队员歼灭了“德国兵”，“小夜莺”又执行新的任务了。本文以“夜莺的歌声打破了夏日的沉寂”，“有个孩子坐在河岸边上”开头，以“坐在原来那河岸边削什么东西”，“从孩子的嘴里飞出宛转的夜莺的歌声”结束，暗示小男孩又在迎接新的.战斗。这是首尾呼应使文章线索清晰，又紧紧地扣住了主题。

2.课文首尾呼应，紧扣中心。课文开头三个自然段和最后两个自然段之间相互照应。以“夜莺的歌声”为题，从始至终充满了“夜莺的歌声”：歌声把敌人引到河边，歌声把敌人带进森林，歌声把敌情传给游击队，歌声又在河边响起。

3.学习本课生字新词。生字中“灶”读z4o，不读zh4o，注意读准。生字“旷”、“灶”、“岔”可分别用“扩”、“吐”、“盆”比较辨认，以便记忆。

4.本课需要重点理解的句子。

【例1】“人哪?战争一开始这里就没有人了。”小孩不慌不忙地回答：“刚刚一开火，村子就着火了，大家都喊：野兽来了，野兽来了’――就都跑了。”

析“人哪?”意思是，你问的是这里有没有人是吗?先不回答对方，故意装出才弄明白的样子，然后再回答“战争一开始，这里就没有人了”，使敌人以为自己是一个没有心计的孩子，而疏于防范。于是就借着说明“没有人”的原因，学着大人的口气，既把敌人痛骂了一通，又让敌人进一步认为：这是一个有什么就说什么的蠢孩子。

【例2】“弯弯曲曲的小路穿过密密的白桦树林，穿过杂草丛生的空地，又爬上了长满古松的小山上。”

析采用拟人的修辞手法，既生动形象地反映了森林越来越密、越来越深，又暗示小男孩把敌人一步步引入了游击队的包围圈，已到了小孩易退、敌人难逃之地。

【例3】“坐在原来那河岸边削什么东西，并且不时回过头去，望望那通向村子的几条道路，好像在等谁似的。”

析这是说“夜莺”又在坚守岗位，察看敌情，以便通知游击队再次歼灭敌人。

【例4】“胳膊一甩一甩地盯着路旁的树林，有时候弯下腰去拾球果，还用脚把球果踢起来。”

析这是故意麻痹敌人，使他们觉得这只不过是个顽皮的、贪玩的小孩。

Unit14 重点、难点 第2篇

1.mystery.[C]神秘的事；不可思议的事。

Her sudden disappearance was a complete mystery.他的突然失踪是一件不可思议的事。It’s a mystery to me how she passed the exam.她是如何通过考试的对我来说是一个谜。[U]神秘性，谜 stories full of mystery

mysterious.Adj.神秘的，难以理解的

The mysterious disappearance of Jim upset everyone.吉姆的神秘失踪使大家心烦意乱。2.sorry, I didn’t recognize you.对不起，我刚才没认出你来。

本句话中所用的时态是一般过去时。因为说话时让娜已经知道对方是谁，所以应该用与现在无关的时态，即过去时。

I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.我没想到你会给我带礼物。The problem is so simple.I wonder why I didn’t think of that.我刚才怎么没想到呢。Oh, it’s you, I’m sorry I didn’t know you were here.抱歉我不知道你在这。*recognize(recognize): Vt.没有进行式 ①辨认出 recognize sb/sth(by sth)

Dogs recognize people by their smell.狗凭嗅觉认人

The town has changed so much you wouldn’t recognize it.这个城镇变化太大你会认不出它的

②承认recognise sb/sth(as sth)

recognize sb/sth(to do)

Everyone recognize him to be a good man./as a good man.大家都承认他是个好人 ③认清；认识到recognise+(that)

He didn’t recognize that he was wrong.他不承认他错了

*recognise与know比较，前者指“认出，辨认”，为短暂性动词。而know指“知道，认识”，为延续性动词。

I recognize my son’s voice on the phone.从电话中我认出是我儿子的声音。Tom pretended that he didn’t know the old man.汤姆假装不认识那位老人。3.“ Years of hard work, very little food ……a moment’s rest.” 多年的辛勤劳作，食不果腹，居住的房间很小，从来没有片刻的休息。

这段话由四个名词构成，表明了四个完整意思，这种结构叫单成分句。它本身就是一个相对

完整的语言单位，无须补充其他句子成分。使用单成分句显得言简意赅，深刻感人。“…only a small cold room to live in”是不定式作定语。不定式作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词后面，与该名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。Could you find me a job to do?帮我找个工作做？ Do you have anything to say on this question? 如该动词是不及物动词，应该加上适当名词。There is nothing to worry about.没什么好担心的。Please give me a knife to cut with.I need some paper to write on.我需要一些写字的纸。4．surely.adv.①surely作“无疑，当然”讲，表示说话人对句子主语将发生的事相当有把握。He will surely succeed in passing the exam.他一定会成功通过考试的 Careless driving will surely cause accidents.粗心驾车一定会导致事故 ②surely还可以用来表示“对所说的内容确信无疑，或者表示对某事的惊讶” I surely met him somewhere in Beijing.我一定在北京的某个地方见过他 Surely you are not going to eat that!你不至于吃那种东西吧？ ③surely也可以作“当然，没问题”-Can I use your car for a while?-Surely.5.explain.vt&vi.解释，说明

explain sth(to sb).explain +(to sb)+ that/wh-The lawyer explained the new law(to us).Can you explain what this word means? 你能解释一下这个词的意思吗？

He explained to the policeman that his driving licence was lost.他向警察解释他的驾驶执照丢了。

6．jewelly.[U] 珠宝，首饰

a jewelly box珠宝盒

This necklace is my most valuable piece of jewelly.这个项链是我最贵重的珠宝 jewel(一般用复数)，宝石饰物，首饰

She locked her jewels in the safe.她把她的首饰锁在保险箱里了。7.Can’t you just wear a flower instead? 你不能只戴朵花吗？

本句话是表示否定的疑问句。否定疑问句一般用在表示请求，发表个人看法或是表示惊讶的情况下。

Can’t you help me now?（表示请求）

Can’t you finish such an easy job in so long a time?（表示惊讶）

否定疑问句一般都是期待对方的肯定回答，或者不打算对方回答。回答的时候，肯定回答用yes，但要翻译成“不”，相反，则用no。-Don’t you like your present?-Yes, I do.不，我喜欢。-Isn’t he a writer?

-No, he isn’t.对，他不是。

8.continue.vi(+with)& vt（使）继续；（使）延续 the fighting continued for a week.战斗持续了一个星期。

How long can they continue(with)this damaging strike?他们这种破坏性罢工能持续多久？ [+to do]

she continued to make progress in her lesson.她继续在学习中取得进步。[+v-ing]

he continued writing his diaries until he died.他坚持写日记直到去世。* to be continued未完待续

* continuous.adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的

The brain needs a continuous supply of blood.大脑需要不断的供血 9.call on, call at, visit, drop in

call on sb 拜访某人

call at some place访问某地

I decide to call on mr smith and hope to ask him for some good advice.I called at my friend’s office during my stay in shanghai.visit既可做动词，宾语可以是人，又可以是物。也可做名词，和pay构成短语, pay a visit(to)sb/some place

He was happy to have a chance to visit Canada.He often pays a visit to the poor areas of his own country.drop in “顺便拜访”，指未事先通知的非正式访问。是不及物动词短语，通常需要接介词o

n和at.drop in on sb

drop in at some place Please drop in when you’re free.Tom often drops in on me.On my way home, I dropped in at Li Hua’s house.call back 召回

call for要求 call forth 使产生„；唤起„

call in请„；招请 call off 取消„；停止

call out大声叫喊 call up打电话给„

10．Pierre and I did have a good time at the ball.„„确实在舞会上玩的很开心。在本句话中，did是助动词，用在肯定句中起强调作用。译为“确实。的确”。I did see him on my way to school yesterday.我在上学途中确实看到他了。My father does enjoy traveling.我父亲的确喜欢旅游

Unit14 重点、难点 第3篇

苏14区块位于苏里格气田中部, 大部分为沙草地、沙丘、黄土和碱滩, 海拔1250~1350m, 钻井施工过程中存在的技术难点有: (1) 表层井深一般为700 m, 泥浆循环量小, 含砂量高, 施工风险大; (2) 该区块延长组垂深950 m, 降斜率高, 纠偏段稳斜困难; (3) 刘家沟组垂深段长300 m, 可钻性差, 且储层深较深; (4) 老井多, 施工过程中防碰风险大。

2 井身结构及剖面设计

该区块水平井为三开结构, 表层ø346mm井眼下ø273mm表套, 二开为直井段 (纠偏段) ø228mm井眼, 斜井段ø215.9mm井眼, 入窗后下ø177.8mm套管, 三开水平段为ø152.4mm井眼, 水平段完钻后下ø114.3mm尾管。靶前距较短, 三维井方位调整到位后增斜率普遍在16°/100米以上, 施工难度大。

3 主要施工措施

3.1 表层施工

表层施工难点在打导管流沙层防塌, 该区块第四系流沙层厚度30m左右, 打导管过程中, 要降低柴油机转速, 开泵平稳缓慢, 上提下放单根控制好速度, 导管打完后固定、找正、坐实、水泥回填, 侯凝4-6小时。

表层施工主要技术措施: (1) 表层施工采用塔式钻具组合, 做好防斜打直; (2) 导管底端1m左右缠塞子, 主要采用防渗布、杂毛毡, 塞子尺寸略小于井眼尺寸, 使用游车、钻铤下压导管至井底, 导管严禁悬空; (3) 表层完钻后, 配粘度60 s左右白土浆, 大排量清扫井底后, 起钻过程连续灌浆, 至导管脚时放慢速度, 防止钻具挂导管。

3.2 二开直井段施工

二开直井段采用两趟钻思路, 第一只钻头进入纸坊组中下部, 尽量打到2650米, 为第二只钻头减轻压力;第二只钻头完成纠偏任务后尽可能多的调整方位, 以便斜井段一趟钻完钻。

二开直井段钻进时需要优化钻井参数, 在延长组上部软地层尽可能放大参数, 释放机械钻速, 进入延长组底部后弱化参数, 以保护钻头, 争取单只钻头进入纸坊组中下部。纸坊组上部争取让多打进尺, 加大钻压维持机械钻速, 根据进尺和水眼倒反情况适时用稠浆清扫井底, 保证井下安全和避免钻头重复切削。

纠偏段第二趟建议使用6刀翼钻头, 6刀翼钻头滑动工具面相对稳定, 以便在后续滑动调整方位, 减轻斜井段调整方位压力, 保证斜井段一趟钻入窗。

3.3 斜井段施工

斜井段的“四合一”钻具组合:Φ215.9mm PDC+7LZ165LG*1.5°+回压阀+Φ165MWD+Φ165mm NMDC+461*410+Φ127mm HWDP*15根+Φ127mm DP*30根+Φ127mm HWDP*30根+Φ127mm DP。

苏14-15-47H2井混装复合钻头进尺666米, 纯钻106小时, 斜井段钻井周期5.46天, 其中85度井斜探气层167米, 探气层周期1.79天, 斜井段使用混装钻头, 机械钻速提高明显, 有效缩短钻井周期, 建议斜井段推广使用混装复合钻头。

混装钻头使用注意事项: (1) 钻头到底后小钻压磨合钻头, 记录好泵冲、泵压、泥浆性能、钻压和扭矩等, 为判断钻头状况提供依据; (2) 采用1.5°螺杆配合复合PDC钻头定向, 工具面稳定, 滑动增斜率高, 实现起来较容易, 避免前期混装钻头复合钻进增斜率不够而增加下部井段的设计增斜率, 施工过程中尽量保证上偏, 防止上提垂深; (3) 刹把操作平稳, 防顿防溜, 保护好钻头。

3.4 水平段施工

为了保证水平段钻进时能给钻头施加有效的钻压, 钻具组合采用倒装钻具。加重钻杆位置分为两部分, 确保钻具中和点位置在下部加重钻杆上, 上部加重钻杆位于井斜较小井段。同时严格按照地质导向人员要求控制轨迹, 通过岩屑、气测值、伽玛、钻时及邻井资料综合分析, 确保井眼轨迹在有效气层中穿越。

水平段施工技术要点: (1) 仔细丈量扶正器和螺杆外径, 避免扶正器外径过小, 复合钻进时井斜不稳定; (2) 入井钻具接头、无磁钻铤和扶正器做好探伤工作, 检查好入井钻具; (3) 水平段泵压高, 落实好泵房座岗和钻台座岗, 为及时发现钻具问题提供依据; (4) 水平段建议使用1.25°螺杆, 滑动施工效率高, 复合过程中勤观察随钻井斜变化, 防止井斜突变。同时, 根据泥岩段长度及时调整泥浆性能, 做好防塌工作。

4 结论及建议

(1) 在导管及表层施工中, 做到精细化操作, 避免人为因素所致流沙层垮塌。

(2) 纠偏段根据地层特性优化四合一钻具组合, 优选短钻铤长度, 减少滑动, 优选PDC钻头选型, 完善各地层钻井参数, 提高单只钻头进尺。

(3) 做好泥浆净化工作, 使用好固控设备;刘家沟组打穿后严格按要求做工艺堵漏实验;做好防碰绕障工作, 保证井身安全。

Unit14 重点、难点 第4篇

Unit14 重点、难点 第5篇

1. Beautiful day, isn’t it? = It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it ? 天气真美呀! Pity we live so far from the sea. = It’s a pity that we live so far from the sea. 真遗憾我们住得离大海太远了. Sounds like a good idea. = It / That sounds like a good idea. 听起来是个好主意. Ellipsis: 省略句. 例如: Very cold, isn’t it? 天气真冷呀! Fine day, isn’t it? 天气真美呀! Blowing hard, isn’t it? 风刮得真大呀! Raining heavily, isn’t it? 雨下得真大呀!

2. I wish we could go to the seaside today. 但愿今天能去海边就好了. I wish (that) 表示 “愿望” 的交际用语. 它表示很难实现的愿望. 译成 “但愿.. 就好了.” (虚拟语气) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望, 宾语从句用一般过去时, be动词用were; 表示过去不可能实现的愿望, 宾语从句用过去完成时; 表示将来不可能实现的愿望, 宾语从句用would / could / + 动词原形; 例如: I wish I could fly to the moon. 但愿我(现在)能飞上月球就好了. I wish I know the answer. 真希望我现在知道答案. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 真希望我们早到两个小时就好了.

3. We spent all our days on the beach. 那些天我们一直都在海滩上. beach,平缓, 适合游泳的海滩, 河滩, (小); seaside, 适于游泳, 疗养的海滨地区, (大); coast, 海岸线 (长, 辽阔) 例如: Children were running about on the beach. We are thinking of going to the seaside for the summer. 我们正在考虑去海滨地区避署. There are many islands off the northwest coast of Scotland . 苏格兰西北方的海中有许多岛屿.

4. We also played games on the sand. 我们还在沙滩上做游戏. sand沙子, 沙粒 (不可数); 做 “沙地, 沙滩.” 讲时多用sands. 例如: Children like to play on the sands. 孩子们喜欢在沙滩上玩.

5. Are you going to be a sailor when you leave school? 中学毕业后你打算当海员吗? leave school = finish school = graduate from school. 毕业. 例如: He left / finished / graduated from school in 1973. 他一九七三年中学毕业.

6. I haven’t make up one’s mind yet. 我还没有下定决心. make up one’s mind to do sth. 下决心干某事. 例如: He has made up his mind to go to college. 他已经下决心一定要上大学. 认定; 例如: He has made up his mind that the boy should work harder. 他认定这孩子应该更加用功. Have you made up your mind what to do ? 你决定要做什么了没有?

7. bathe vi. 洗澡 Bath n. 洗澡 have a bath. 洗澡 Did you bathe yourself in the sea today? 你今天洗海水澡了吗? I’ll have a hot bath and go to bed. 我先洗个澡然后睡觉.

8. Take a deep breath and I’ll time you 你深深地吸一口气, 我来给你记时. have / take a deep breath. 深深地吸一口气; take breath. 歇一歇; 喘口气. 例如: The doctor asked me to take a deep breath. Half – way up the hill we stopped to take breath. 登山的途中, 我们停下来喘了口气. hold one’s breath 屏住哦吸; time vt. 为记录时间. 例如: To time a race is to see how long it takes. 赛跑计时就是要看看跑完全程要花多长时间. Time how long it take me to work out these 60 maths problems. 给我记时看看我做完这60道数学题要花多长时间. You’ve timed your holiday cleverly – the weather is at its best. 你真会选择度假时间--正是天气最好的时候. His remark was badly timed. 他说的话不合时宜.

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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 16

Lesson 62

1. Seen from space, the earth looks blue. 从太空上望去, 地球是蓝色的. seen from space过去分词短语做条件状语 = If it is seen from space by you.

2. two thirds of the earth surface is made up of vast oceans. 地球的三分之二是由广阔的海洋构成的. make up form 编制, 构成, 组成 例如: All bodies are made up of atoms. 一切物质都由原子组成. There are 11 other minerals that make up the salt water of the oceans. 此外还有11种矿物质组成了海洋的盐水. The coat and trousers made up a suit. 上衣和裤子组成了套装. The boy made up a story, it is not true. 这个故事不是真的, 是那个男孩编造出来的. He had to make up the English exam. 他得补考英语. They hurried on to make up for the lost time. 他们加速以弥补失去的时间.

3. That is 3.5% by weight. 按重量计就是3.5%. by weight 按重量计算 by 按照 例如: These workers are paid by the day, but we are paid by the month. 这些工人按天发工资; 我们按月发放工资. The package is charged by weight. 包裹是按重量收费的.

4. The answer is that seaweeds produce various chemicals that help keep the sea water clean. 答案是海藻生产出各种各样的化学物质, 这些化学物质有助于使海水保持清洁. various adj. 各种各样的 various views 各种观点, for various reasons 因种种原因, the people of various countries 各国人民; a variety of 各种, 种种; variety n. 变化, 种类 例如: The shopping centre sells a variety of goods. 购物中心卖各种各样的商品. At school we learn a variety of things. 在学校里我们学习各种各种的知识.

5. the Atlantic 大西洋. the Mediterranean 地中海. ***江, 河, 湖, 山等名词前一般要用定冠词the . 但做定语时, 不用定冠词. 例如: Atlantic water 大西洋水

6. Coral are found in water with a depth of less than 60 meters. 珊瑚常可在水深不超过60米的水里找到.

7. Water that is cloudy or dirty will kill the coral. 污浊的水会使珊瑚死亡. cloudy adj. 多云的, 浑浊的, 模糊不清的. 例如: The oil looks cloudy. 这油看起来很浑浊. The speaker’s idea seems cloudy to me. 演讲者的意思我听起来似懂非懂的.

8. The minerials are partly supplied by hundreds of natural springs. 这些矿物质部分来自于众多的流入死海的天然泉水. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to / for sb. 例如：They supplied him with food. = They supplied food to /for him. 他们给他提供食物. spring n. 春天, 泉水, 弹簧, 发条; v. 跳跃. 例如: The toy is worked by a spring. 那玩具用发条启动. There used to be a spring here. 这儿过去有一个喷泉.

9. There is very little rain here, merely 60 mm in a year on average. 这儿雨水极少,平均每年只有60毫米. merely only, 只不过, 仅仅.(做状语) 例如: It is merely a matter of time. 这仅仅是时间问题. He said it merely as a joke. 他只不过把它当成笑料说说而已. on average平均起来, 一般说来(状语) 例如: On average she receives 3 letters every day. 她平均每天收到三封信. The age of the students in Senior II is 17 on average. 高中二年级的学生的平均年龄是十七岁. average 也可用着形容词. 例如: The average temperature in Kuitun during August can reach 35℃. 奎屯八月份的平均温度可达摄氏35度.

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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 16

Lesson 63

1. Fish can live in these temperatures only because their blood contains a particular chemical. 鱼之所以能够在这样的温度中生存, 只是因为他们的血液中含有一种特殊的化学物质. particular 与 special 这两个词都可表示 “特别的”; “特殊的”. particular 强调 sth 有与众不同的独特之处; special 口语化的用词, 表示为了某一特殊目的而专门怎么样. 请对比: There is a particular comedy which I have decided to do. 我已决定要导演一部特别的喜剧. There is a special grammar programme for explaining difficult grammar points. 有一个专门讲解语法难点的特别语法节目.

2. In these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish just 5 cm long. 在这些海洋中生活着大群大群的身长只有5厘米的小鱼. huge number of a small fish 大群大群的小鱼 huge 巨大的(超常地大); big 大(规模, 范围, 面积); large 大(体积, 容积, 数量). 请比较: a huge elephant 一头大象 This hall is very large. 这个礼堂很大.

3. These fish provide the main food for whales. 这些小鱼成了鲸鱼的主要食物. provide vt. = supply 供给, 提供. 句式有二: 1). provide sth for sb. = supply sth for sb. 2). provide sb. with sth. = supply sb. with sth. 例如: He also persuaded other people to provide money or give help. 他还动员其他人或者出钱, 或者给予帮助. His parents provide him with everything. 他的父母亲供给他的一切开支费用.

4. A whale may eat a ton of them at a time, and may enjoy four meals a day. 一头鲸鱼一次就可以吞食一吨这样的小鱼, 一天可能要吃四餐. at a time 每次; 一次. 例如: Don’t pass me all the books at once, one at a time. 不要把书一次性全递给我, 每次递一本. The worker carries two bags of rice at a time. 那位工人每次搬运两袋大米.

5. It can grow to a length of 15 meters. 它可以长到15米长. a length of 15 meters 十五米长; 注意下列形容词与名词的转换: long length; (长度) strong strength; (强度) deep depth; (深度) high height; (高度) wide width. (宽度)

6. When it dives, its heart slows to half its normal speed. 当它潜水时, 它的心跳速度就能减慢到正常心跳的一半. slow vt. go slower 使缓慢下来; 例如: His illness slowed him at school. 他的病情使他的学习进展缓慢下来. The icy road slowed our progress. 结冰的路面使我们前进的速度减慢了. 形容词转化为动词. cool 使凉快/冷却; dry 使干燥; warm 使温暖; calm 使平静下来; The tea is too hot to drink. Let it cool a little. 茶太烫, 让它凉一凉. Please warm the dishes. 请把这些菜端去热一热.

7. The sperm whale therefore has to look for the squid using sound waves. 因而, 巨头鲸就只好利用声波来寻找鱿鱼. therefore 因而 最正式的用语, 用在句首时常有逗号与后面内容分开; so 是口语化的用词. 请比较: Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking. 因而, 如果烟草公司想要继续营业的话, 他们就得鼓励更多的年轻人开始吸烟. The day was fine and so we set out . using sound waves现在分词短语做方式状语, 相当于by the way of using sound waves 再如: They crossed the river using small boats. 他们用小船渡过了河. They had to work slowly using old type loughs. 他们只好用老式犁慢慢地犁地.

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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 16

Lesson 64

1. What body changes occur when the sperm whale dives? 当巨头鲸下潜时会发生什么身体变化? occur vi. (表示预料, 按计划)发生; 存在; 生存. (与to 联用) 想起; 想到. 例如: The accident occurred at 5 o’clock p.m. 那件事故出在下午5点钟. Such plants don’t occur here. 这样的植物这儿不生长. An idea occurred to me. 我想到了一个主意. happen 普通用词. 表示具体事情发生, 可与occur 通用, 但常带有偶然性.

2. Squids take in water and then force it out of holes in their bodies in order to move in the opposite direction. direction n方向; 趋向; 方面; 动向; 指南; 说明书; 操作说明; (信件包裹的) 姓名地址. 例如: Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 汤姆朝一个方向走, 而亨利朝另一个方向走了. The signpost(路标) points in a west direction. 路标指向西方. This is the present direction of government thinking. 这就是当今政府考虑问题的取向. The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect. 包裹因姓名地址有误而退回寄件人.

3. One type of thin narrow fish lays its eggs in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. 一种瘦小体窄的鱼在大西洋中央产卵. lay vt. 放; 置; 摆放; 产卵/下(蛋). 例句: Lay it on the table. 把它搁在桌子上吧. Please lay the table. 请摆放好桌子. The hen laid three eggs yesterday. 那只老母鸡昨天下了三只蛋.

4. Ellipsis: 为了避免重复, 使句子简洁, 句中某些成分往往加以省略, 特别是在口语中, 这种情况更为常见. 一般有以下规律:

1). 词语意思很明显, 常予以省略. 例如:

(I) Thank you. I’m fifteen (years old). It’s just twelve (o’clock).

2). 前后句中重复出现的词, 可省略后面的. 例如:

The sun shines in the daytime, and the moon (shines) at night.

3). 定语从句中的关系代词如做宾语, 可以省略. 例如:

Do you know the person (whom) Mr. Smith is speaking to?

4). 关系代词why所说明的先行词the reason常常省略. 例如:

This is (the reason) why she didn’t pass the English examination.

5). 祈使句中的主语you应予省略. 例如: (You) Get up at once.

6). 宾语从句中的连词that常可以省略.

7). 状语从句中的主语如与主句主语相同或者从句主语是it/they, 且从句的助动词是be,

则从句中的主语和助动词可同时省略. 例如: Though (he is) young, he was much

experience. He wrote this novel while (he was) in the country.

8). 所有格名词或人接house, shop, office等词, 这些词可以省略. 例如:

I am now staying at my uncle’s (house). I got it at the watch-maker’s (shop).

9). 表示身份, 职务的名词作表语或同位语, 省略冠词, 例如:

He is (the) mayor of the city.

10). 可用动词不定式符号代替重复的动词不定式或短语. 例如:

He didn’t come to see us though he had promised to (come to see us).

Unit14 重点、难点 第6篇

1. Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 波尔先生刚刚来拜会了朱太太向她转达了一个口信. call on sb. = to visit sb. formally拜访; 去会见某人;(正式) = drop in on sb.(非正式); 例如: Tom called on Dick at his office yesterday afternoon. 汤姆昨天下午到迪克的办公室去拜访了他. She called on her teacher once a month. 她每月去拜会她的老师一次. call on sb. to do sth. 叫/ 请某人干某事; 号召某人干某事; 例如: The chairman of the meeting called on Dr. Smith to speak. 会议主席请史密斯博士讲话. Many of the songs called on the workers to take up the struggle. 那些歌曲中有许多是号召工人们坚持斗争的. call in召来; call for要求; call back回电话; call at some place访问; 探视某地 = drop in at some place 例如: He called at the hospital after work to find out whether Mr. King was better. 下班后他去了医院想看看 “金先生”是否好了些.

2. He is here on a visit from Guangzhou. 他从广州来此地参观.

3. I ve got some personal affairs that I have to see to. 我有一些私人事务非处理不可. 1). affairs n. 重大而复杂的事; 例如: affairs of states国家事务; foreign affairs外交事务; 而business则指 “一般性事务, 尤指商务.” 例如: Let’s get down to business. 我们来谈正事吧. *** affairs用复数, 而business不用复数. 2). see to处理(某事); 负责做(某事); 照顾(某人); 例如: Who is seeing to the arrangements for the next meeting? 谁来负责下次会议? I’ll see to the actual business. 实际工作我会去做的. See to the fire. 当心烟火.

4. Mrs. Zhu, I called to tell you that the conference has been delayed until the 15th and 16th. 朱太太, 我来此告诉你大会已经被推迟到十五日和十六日了. delay vt. 推迟; vi. 使迟到; 耽搁; 例如: We delayed the meeting for a week. 我们把会议推迟了一周. ***只能说delay doing sth. 不能说delay to do sth. 再如: She delayed for two hours and missed the train. 她耽搁了两个小时误了火车. They are trying to delay until help arrives. 他们设法拖延, 等待援助到来.

5. I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in your office.. 我本打算昨天告诉你, 但你不在办公室. Mean to do sth. 意欲; 打算干某事; 例如: I didn’t mean to hurt you. 我并不是打算要伤害你的. Mean doing sth. 意味着做某事; 例如: If you accept the job, that means moving to another city. 如果你接受那件工作, 那就意味着你要搬家到另一个城市去. Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是解放生产力.

6. It’s time that I went and picked up my little girl from school.= It’s time for me to go and pick up my little girl from school. 我该去学校接我小女儿了. 1). It’s time that + 主语 + 动词过去式 / 或 should + 动词原形(should不能省略) +其它 例如: It’s time we started our class. 我们该上课了. It’s time that you should go to bed / went to bed. 你该去睡觉了. 2). pick up接(某人)上车; 捡起某物; (天气, 身体, 形势等)好转; 听见; 学会(语言); 例如: I’ll pick you up at your place at 8 o’clock. 我八点钟去你那儿接你. Her health soon picked up after a few days rest. 休息了几天之后, 他的身体很快复元了. The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. 设备接受到了卫星发出的信号. She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 她去法国定居后很快就学会了法语.

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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 15

Lesson 58

1. Well known from his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. 他在探索方面的足智多谋是广为人知的，他能够帮助许多人解决他们的私人事务. 1). well known for his expert advice = as he was well known for his expert advice. 过去分词短语做状语, 说明句子的谓语was able to help的原因, 过去分词短语做状语可以表示原因，时间，条件. 例如: Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling. 由于出生在一个贫困的家庭中, 他只上过两年学. (原因) Encouraged by Jim’s words, he continued his research work. 受到了吉姆鼓励, 他继续进行他的研究工作. (原因) Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful. 从山顶上往下看这个城市非常美. (时间/条件) 2). expert advice内行的意见, expert n.专家; adj. 内行的; 常与at, in连用. 例如: All the young men are expert drivers. 所有的这些年轻人都是驾驶能手. An expert at / in cooking一位烹调方面的专家; an expert on foreign affairs一位外交专家.

2. One day a young lady came to visit Sherlock Holmes with a personal problem 有一天，一位年轻的女士带着她的私人问题来拜访舍洛克福尔摩斯. 1). personal affairs 私人事务; personal letters私人信件; 2). visit n. vt. 参观; 访问; pay / make a visit to sb. / some place访问某人 / 参观某地; be on a visit to sb / some place 访问某人 / 参观某地; 名词visit后面必须接介词to再接人 / 地方. 例如: They paid a visit to london last year. 他们去年访问了伦敦. He left here on a visit to France. 他离开此地去法国访问.

3. Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of a metallic noise. 她经常在夜里听到长长的低沉的口哨和金属的响声. would与used to的区别: 情态动词would表示过去习惯性反复出现的动作, 它与used to的区别是: would只表示过去的习惯动作, 不表示状态. 它常带有过去的时间状语, 因此不涉及与现在对比. 而used to则表示过去常常发生的事或存在的状况, 言下之意是现在大不相同了. 试请比较下面两组句子: 1. When we were children we would go swimming every summer. 小时候我们每年夏天都去游泳. (现在很可能在夏天还去游泳) He used to be a quiet boy. 他过去曾是个安静的男孩. (现在不安静) 2. I used to go to my office on foot. 我过去步行去上班. (现在乘坐交通工具) He would often climb a mountain when young. 他年轻时经常去爬山. (现在很可能还经常去爬山)

4. Her uncle seemed to be acting rather strangely towards her 她叔叔对她的态度似乎很怪. act vi. 行为; 举止;(翻译比较灵活)例如: The boy was acting badly in school. 这孩子过去在学校一直表现很坏. He is more than forty but acts like a child. 他已经四十多岁了，但举止仍像个孩子. My grandma acted kindly towards / to my sister and me. 我奶奶对我和姐姐很亲切. act wrongly to sb. 对待某人不公正; act strangely to sb. 对待某人阴阳怪气的;

5. They have ever quarrelled several times 他们甚至还吵了好几次架. quarrel vi. 吵架; 争吵; 挑毛病; 例如: We don’t like him, he is always quarrelling with people. 我们不喜欢他, 他总是和人吵架. It is no use quarrelling about it with me. 这事情与我吵架没有用处

6. I dare say my uncle will. 我相信我叔叔会得到这笔钱. I dare say 在句中可做主句或插入语. 例如: I dare say that no one can catch up with us. 我相信没有人能赶上我们. I dare

2.

say that we will certainly win the game. 我相信我们将赢得比赛. These young students, I dare say, can pass the entrance examination. 这些学生能够通过入学考试, 我相信.

7. I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall, but it is not fastened to that wire. 我看到绳子是系在洞口旁边的钉子上, 而不是系在那根铁丝上. fasten vt. 固定某物. 例如: Please fasten your seat-belts. 请系好安全带. Have you fastened all the doors and windows ? 你把所有的门窗都关严了吗? fasten A and B; fasten sth. on / to sth. 把某物固定在另一物上; 把两物牢牢地联在一起; 例如: He fastened the two sheets of paper with a pin. 他用大头针把两张纸钉在一起. He fastened his eyes on me . 他紧紧盯着我.

8. A few building repairs were done a month ago. 一个月前房子进行了几处维修. do repairs / make repairs维修; 修理; 例如: The swimming pool will not be open to the public this week, for the workers are making repairs. 游泳池本周将不对外开放, 因为工人们正在搞内部装修. Repairs done while you wait. 修理迅速, 立等可取.

9. Your life is in danger. There is no doubt about it. 你有生命危险, 这是肯定无疑的. 1). there is no doubt about it. 这个句型表示某人对某事有把握, 毫不怀疑. 例如: We will be successful. There is no doubt about it. 我们将取得成功, 这是肯定无疑的. 2). There is no doubt + that引导的同位语从句. 例如: There is no doubt that he will come in time. 他将及时到来, 这是肯定无疑的. There is no doubt that your life is in danger. 你有生命危险, 这是肯定无疑的. 3). doubt n. 怀疑; 不确定; 例如: There is not much doubt about it . 这事没有什么可疑之处. vt. 怀疑; 例如: Do you doubt my words? 你怀疑我说的话? I don’t doubt that he will come on time. 我确信他会准时来到的. I doubt whether he’ll come. 我不确定他是否会来. *** doubt后面的宾语从句, 如主句是肯定的, 则引导词可用if / whether; 如主句是否定的, 则用that . 4) . 有关doubt的习语: in doubt 不确定; no doubt确实; with doubt不确定; beyond all doubt 无疑; 例如: His recovery is still in doubt. 他能否恢复健康还说不定. Wang Shaohe is no doubt the cleverest student in our school. 王少鹤无疑是我校最聪明的学生. Deng Yaping was beyond all doubt the best table tennis player of her day. 邓亚萍无疑是她那个时代最优势的乒乓球运动员.

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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 15

Lesson 59

1. From that moment on they sat in silence. 自那以后他们就默不作声地坐着. 1). 介词短语from that moment on从那时起; from now on从现在起; from today on从今天起; from next month on从下个月起; 例句: From that time on he showed great interest in music. 从那时起他就对音乐感兴趣了. 2). in silence = silently沉默地; 不声不响地; 例如: The students sat there in silence. 学生们默不着声地坐在那儿. Father likes to listen to music in silence. 爸爸喜欢默不着声地听音乐.

2. A pale light came through the hole in the wall. 一道微弱的灯光从墙洞里透了过来. pale 淡暗的 bright 明亮的; 例如: After illness, Blanche looked pale. 病后, 布兰齐脸色苍白. The pale moon was reflected in the water. 淡淡的月亮倒影在水中.

3. With his stick he hit the bell rope again and again with heavy blows. 他用手杖一次又一次重重地敲打着铃绳. 1). again and again 反复地; 一再地; 例如: I told them again and again that they couldn’t do that. 我再三地告诉他们不能做那样的事情. 2). with heavy blows 重重地敲打; blow n. 打击; 打; (可数名词); vi 吹; 刮; 例如: The policeman struck him a blow that sent him to the ground. 警察一下把他打倒在地上. I gave the man a heavy blow on the head. 我狠狠地在那个人头上打了一下. The wind was blowing hard that night. 那天夜里风刮得很大. 3). hit 打中; 击中; strike 用力敲打; beat 连续地击打; 例如: He struck the table angrily. 他怒气冲冲猛拍桌子. A stone hit him on the head. 一颗石子打中了他的头部. The rain beat the windows heavily. 雨点重重地击打着窗户.

4. They broke into the uncle’s bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. 他们强行冲进叔父的卧室，发现他躺在地上，已经死了. break into = to enter by force 强行进入; 闯入; 例如: The thief broke into the bank and stole a lot of money. 那个贼闯进银行, 偷走了许多钱. We had to break into the house because we had lost the key . 因为我们丢了钥匙, 我们只好破门而入了.

5. Around his head was a brown snake. 一条棕色的蛇缠住了他的头. 状语前置时需要例置主语名词和谓语. 例如: In front of the house sat a little boy. 门前坐着一位小男孩. Along the road stands rows of tall trees. 沿途长着一排排高大的树木. Into the forest flew the birds. 鸟儿 “嗖” 地一下子飞入树林子不见了.

6. The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. 那位年轻的女士一听到响声就冲进房间. immediately she heard the noise = as soon as she heard the noise; 句中的immediately可以充当连词, 引导时间状语从句. 例如: The students ran out of the classroom immediately the bell rang. 铃一响, 学生们就跑出了教室. 另外 the moment; every time; each time也可用着连语, 引导时间状语从句.

7. You were supposed to die like that. 你本该象这样死去. be supposed to 应该; 理应; 例如: My brother is supposed to wash dishes today. 今天该我弟弟涮碗. She is supposed to be reading at home, but her mother found her in the park. 她今天本应在家学习, 但她母亲却在公园里发现了她. be not supposed to do sth. 不可以做某事; 例如: You are not supposed to go there. 你不能去那儿.

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<<陈老师课堂>>重点难点点拨 高二英语 Unit 15

Lesson 60

Language Study

过去分词做定语和状语

动词的过去分词是一种非谓语动词形式. 其主要特点是表示被动与完成. 过去分词的构成方式: 规则动词一般在动词原形上加-ed; 不规则动词可以参照不规则动词表. 过去分词在句中具有形容词和副词的作用或性质. 可以充当表语, 定语, 状语和补足语.

1. 过去分词做定语:

过去分词做定语相当于一个形容词, 单个的过去分词做定语一般放在被修饰的词的前面, 但是其短语形式做定语时一般放在被修饰的词的后面. 过去分词做定语, 在意义上相当于谓语是被动语态的定语从句. 例如:

His father is a retired worker. 他的父亲是一位退休工人.

I have his written promise. 我有他的书面诺言.

This is boiled water. 这是开水.

Those are finished products. 那些是成品.

He is a young teacher (who is) loved by all. 他是一个年轻老师, 大家都喜欢他

The polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 被污染的空气和水对健康有害.

I hate to see letters (which were) written in pencil.我讨厌看用铅笔写的信.

2. 过去分词做状语:

过去分词相当于一个副词, 可用来做状语, 通常表示时间, 原因, 条件, 或伴随情况(行为方式)等. 例如:

Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 从山上看这座城市显得很美丽.

Moved by his words, I accepted his present. 被他的话所感动我接受了他的礼物.

Injured in the leg, he couldn’t walk any further. 大腿受了伤, 他几乎一步也走不了了.

Deeply moved by what he said, I promised to help him. 我为他的话深深打动, 答应帮他.

Given more time, we could do it better. 给我们更多的时间, 我们能做得更好.

United we stand, divided we failed. 团结则存, 分裂则亡.

The teacher stood there, surrounded by many students. 老师站在那儿, 身旁围着许多学生.

The glass fell to the ground broken into pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上摔得粉碎.

We went home exhausted. 我们疲惫不堪地回家了. (方式)

He won’t come to the party unless invited. 除非邀请否则他不会来参加聚会的.

We will not attack unless attacked. 人不犯我, 我不犯人.