朋友素材托福写作范文
朋友素材托福写作范文第1篇
Sentence 1 Background (general statement) Sentence 2 Rephrase the topic (thesis statement) Sentence 3 personal opinion or brief description of main body 如何写背景句
确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题,然后以这个问题为中心,写一句介绍性的话。 例题1:
Some people who have been successful in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree?
People have long been interested in identifying the forces that contribute to personal achievement. The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate.
例题2. The advertising is discouraging people from being different individuals and makes people to be or seem to be the same. Do you agree or disagree?
The influence of advertising on our buying behaviours is a subject matter. In recent years, much more attention than ever before has been paid to the influence of advertising on our buying behaviors.
如何改写题目 1. 不要抄袭题目 2. 句子不要过长
例题1. Do you think it is better to send criminals to jail or let them receive education or job training? Sentence1 The treatment of criminals has been open to debate in recent years. Sentence2. 1) 加上常用句型:There is much controversy over whether to send criminals to jails or to let them receive education or job training. 2) 改变句子成分的顺序:Some people think that to send criminals to jails is better than to let them receive education or job training. 3) 改变句子成分:Some people think that imprisonment is better than education or job training in treating criminals.
例题2. Police in Britain do not carry guns. Some people believe that it will make citizens unprotected, but some suggest that it would reduce violence in society. Discuss those two views.
Sentence 1. In some countries, such as Britain, it is a convention that police do not carry guns. Sentence 2.
1) 加常用句型:There is a perception that it will make citizens unprotected, while a counter-argument is that it would reduce violence in society. 2) 改变句子成分的顺序:Some people think that citizens would be unprotected, while some suggest that violence could be reduced. 3) 改变句子成分:Some people think that it fails to protect citizens while some suggest that it would minimize violence in society.
如何写第三句话:
1. 一种是阐明自己的立场
2. 一种是不阐明自己的立场,只是简单的说文章会讨论些什么内容。
例题1. Children in secondary school study international news as a subject, but some think that’s a waste of time. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Sentence 1 International news represents one of the main sources of information from which we discover what is happening around the world. Sentence 2 However, when it comes to including it in the curriculum at secondary school, there is an ongoing debate. Sentence 3 1) 阐明立场法
支持:My personal view is that studying international news is of benefits to students. 反对:I am not convinced that it is necessary. 2) 不明确表示自己支持哪一方面,而是指明文章会讨论一个事物的两个方面 There are some points in both sides.
例题2. Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and use up the world’s resources. Do you agree or disagree Sentence 1 There is little room for doubt about the convenience brought by air travel. Sentence 2 However, when it comes to its impact on the environment, no conclusion has been arrived at. Sentence 3 1) 表明立场
支持:As far as I know, its benefits are far more overt than its down sides. 反对:My personal view is that its benefits cannot justify its harmful effects. 2) 不标明立场
This essay will compare and contrast its benefits and downsides.
问题类题目的开头段
例题1. What are the causes and solutions of the problem of the scarcity of water resource?
Sentence 1 Water shortage is one of the most challenging issues to address in many countries. Sentence 2.(不要说有人争议水资源缺乏的问题,而是直接关注它的原因) There are some factors leading to this problem. Sentence 3 (说清楚文章要讨论的内容) Some of the most factors will be discussed below, followed by some responsible solutions.
例题2. There is a gap between living in the city and living in the countryside. What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced?
如何拓展中间段
Topic sentence (one sentence only): highlight the central point of this paragraph, serve to support an argument. Supporting sentences: sentences for the extension, explanation and justification of the topic sentence (3 sentences if the main body is composed of 3 paragraphs, and 4to 5 sentences if 2paragraphs)
例题1 Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects? A 社会类题目
1. 经济角度:社会的经济利益,经济发展,发展经济的契机等
2. 科技角度:科技发展带来的机遇和危机,工业生产,高科技设备,媒体,电脑,自动化,数字化等
3. 社会角度:社会的整体良性发展,环境问题,社区安全,执法系统,卫生情况,医疗建设,公共设施,文化艺术,旅游观光,城市风貌
4. 公众角度:公共利益,个人的利益和便利(衣食住行)
B 教育类题目
1. 社会能力和工作能力:年轻人在社会上的生存能力,交际能力,交流能力,实践能力,工作能力
2. 学校表现和学习能力:学生在理论知识方面的掌握和学习能力的提高,学校的课程安排,设施配置,教学方法和社会要求的接轨,重视理论还是实践,教学质量,课堂气氛,教师素质,教学方法的革新
3. 性格和感情的健康:学生是否有健康的业余爱好和课后活动,性格是否开朗和积极,行为是否端正,中小学生在社会上遇到的问题,暴力,色情,媒体,社区安全,犯罪率的上升,家庭背景,父母教育,对儿女行为的约束,家庭暴力,家庭问题,单身家庭,家庭的贫困问题,父母行为对子女的影响。
4. 身体健康:学生是否参与体育活动,养成好的生活习惯,常见的问题是青少年过分使用电脑,不注意体育锻炼,生活习惯不好。
经济角度: 广告宣传产品,促进消费,推动经济
公众角度1:广告让消费者了解商品信息,比较商品优缺点,购买到比较适合自己的产品。 公众角度2:广告有时会夸大其词,误导消费者,让消费者购买自己并不需要的产品。
注意:1. 最有说服力的观点应该放在第一段,第二段的观点次之,第三点的观点最弱
2. 观点不要标新立异,最常见的观点往往是最安全的和最有说服力的
1. One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products. 2. Meanwhile, advertising serves to stimulate consumption and contributes to economic development. 3. Despite its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leads consumers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending.
支持句的写法
Explanation: 解释和说明中心句的意思或原因
Extension: 将中心句或将解释中心句的句子拓展一下,阐述它的影响 Example:
在需要的时候,举例说明,有助于更加形象地描述事情 Sorting:
当一个中心句有几个分论点支持时,可以将论点分类说明 Contrasting: 描述相反的情形,在无法落笔的时候特别有用。
1. 1. One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products. 1) Common knowledge is that advertising refers to presenting information, relating to a product or service by a variety of media, such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, brochures and so forth. 2) With the presence of advertising, a consumer is able to acquire the latest information in the market, such as properties of a product or service, and thereby make a wiser buying decision. 3) By contrast, without advertising, a consumer is at the risk of purchasing, a product that fails to meet all of his or her needs, because of lack of knowledge of better alternatives in the market.
2. Meanwhile, advertising serves to stimulate consumption and contributes to economic development. 1) As said before, advertising is responsible to introduce a product, but in reality, it does more than that. 2) Advertising describes a product in such an impressive way and with adding so many visual appeals that it always succeeds in attracting the eye of the audience and driving them into a final purchase. 3) Besides, advertising reminds intended customers of their existing needs or creates fresh needs, keeping them aware that only by purchasing a product can their needs be met. 4) By these two approaches, advertising encourages spending and contributes to economic development.
3. Despite its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leads consumers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending. 1) It is a shared convention in the advertising industry that some properties of a product are highlighted while the others are simplified. 2) A product, when prompted well, will be highly desired by many, as customers are misguided to ignore the products’ downsides. 3) It accounts for why many shoppers regret their buying decisions before long, observing that what they have brought is not what they actually need or fails to live up to their expectations. 4) Cosmetics and dietary supplements are among those standard examples, costing individual buyers a lot but not achieving desirable outcomes.
如何写结论段
1. 重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点 2. 重新阐述你的立场和观点
3. 不要加入新的内容, 尤其是主体部分没有讨论过的内容。
In conclusion, advertising plays an essential role in society, not only making consumers well-informed buyers but also fostering economic development. However, consumers should beware of the misleading nature of advertising.
注意事项:
1. 不要用不熟悉的词 2. 避免过度使用从句 3. 少用名言 4. 杜绝中国谚语
5. 少用第一或第二人称 6. 避免口语化的词语
7. 尽量避免使用问号和感叹号 8. 不要用所写 9. 不要用比喻
朋友素材托福写作范文第2篇
托福写作的高分技巧
对于托福作文,一个很关键性的要求就是要用词准确,行文流畅。我们以前往往总是会陷入一个误区,就是要用大词,要写一些句式磅礴的句子。之所以这样就是因为现在中国95%以上的作文教师,尤其是托福作文教师对于什么样的作文才是满分作文缺乏一个概念,虽然很多人能考出高分作文,但是他们很难做出一个指向性,就像是他们杀鸡用牛刀,然后他们就认为杀鸡只能用牛刀,是一个道理。
他们不知道,其实杀鸡的时候,只用一把菜刀就可以了,是一个道理。所以,这就是为什么现在很多国内的初中经常用博士来当老师,但是这些人一上课就发现,学生根本不喜欢听他在说什么,甚至这些教师还经常被学生赶走,就是这个道理。
“There are no perfect people in the world; otherwise he is not a human being, but a god”. This proverb is often said by people. I cannot agree with this claim any more. It is common for our students to make mistakes, we should forgive them, even help them when they are in trouble because of the errors.
这一段是一篇新托福真实满分作文的节选。从这段文字里我们就会发现,本段几乎没有什么我们以前很多老师推崇的长难句,复杂句,整段内容,几乎都是由简单句组成的。这对于现在的培训机构的老师讲课的内容是一个大大的嘲讽,但是反过来又能告诉我们考生很多信息。
这段节选告诉我们:
1 满分托福作文,要求的不是庞大的单词量,而是在已有的8000单词的准确应用。
2 想要托福写作满分,不是靠单纯的堆砌复杂句就可以完成的,如果你还不相信这一点,请去中国各大留学论坛,看看一片哀嚎之音。
3 想要拿到30分,要求你写出更为具体化的例子,而不是单纯的泛泛而谈。
4 想拿满分,一定首先要多看满分作文是什么样子,这些作文一定是你要仔细研究的。
朋友素材托福写作范文第3篇
2013-07-30 10:44小马过河admin分享到:
摘要:从题型上来讲,托福独立写作分为绝对型、对比型和隐藏all型。针对不同的题型,我们对症下药,就会拥有手到擒来的写作拓展方法,这样,在紧张的考场上看到相应的题型,我们就可以像给老朋友打招呼一样轻松自然了。
(一) 绝对型
绝对型的题型一般是题目中含有最高级和绝对化的频率词的题,那么,针对这种类型的题目,我们又哪些策略呢?我给大家推荐的是两种态度,四种方法。当然,这两种态度就是“同意”和“不同意”,当同意的时候,我们可以采用“一边倒”的策略,说A好处1,A好处2和A好处3,每个好处各成一个主体段,这样文章就成型了;在同一的态度下,第二种方法就是若转折,即前两个主体段可以分别阐述A好处1和A好处2,第三个主体段可以进行一个弱弱的转折,稍微说一下B也好,这样,既凑了字数,也向考官展现了自己全面的思维;在“不同意”的态度下,我们也可以按照“A好A有缺陷B也好”的结构谋篇布局;也可以按照“A好B好C也好的结构”进行展开。
(二) 对比型
对比型的题目即为事物之间进行比较。针对这类题型,共有两种态度,三类写法。在“同意”的态度下,我们可以采用A1>B1,A2>B2,A3>B3的写法进行写作,即把两个不同的事物统一在三个相同的维度下进行比较;在“不同意”的态度下,我们有两种写法,我们依旧可以按照“A好A有缺陷B也好”的结构谋篇布局;也可以按照“A好B好C也好的结构”进行展开。
(三) 隐藏all型
隐藏all型实质上就是含蓄的绝对型,它在写法上和绝对型有异曲同工之处,却也忽悠区别。在这种提醒下,我想推荐两种写法,首先是“同意”的太对下,我们依旧可以继续采用“A好处1,A好处2和A好处3”的一边倒写法进行展开,如果是在“不同意”的态度下,我们可以采用“A有好处A也有不好的地方”的逻辑顺序进行展开,当然,也可以采用分类讨论的写法,其实分类讨论的写法是一种变了形的“让步转折”,在逻辑上遵循的是一样的规律和道理。
朋友素材托福写作范文第4篇
美国大学本科申请:托福vs雅思申请优劣谈
常常听准备申请美国留学的学生抱怨说托福不好报名,又说听到一些培训的老师讲托福比雅思难,所以考雅思容易些。反正雅思也被美国的大学广泛接受,看似一样,为什么不考一个容易一点的呢?
那么考雅思对美国大学的申请会有什么影响,是否真的做到和考托福一样公平一致,下面资深留学专家来给大家分析一下。
先看申请美国本科大学的要求。在美国usnews&worldreport2012Top10的大学名单里面,所有学校都接受托福成绩,要求基本上最低是100+(麻省理工是90+),而雅思却有不少学校说no.这些学校分别是普林斯顿大学、加州理工学院、麻省理工大学、斯坦福大学,另外还有一所极不情愿接受但是学生如果在特殊情况下只能考雅思可以根据情况的特殊性而定,这所学校是宾夕法尼亚大学。这么一看有一半的学校至少在2013年秋季的申请中还是无法接受雅思成绩,如果是目标极高的同学,考了雅思可能就错过了这些名校的申请。
再看托福和雅思的分数对比,一般我们会默认托福100雅思7分,托福90雅思6.5分,托福80雅思6分,托福70雅思5.5,以下以此类推。但美国大学在公布雅思的要求时明显不是按照这个套路出牌的,比如所有的能接受本科申请的加州大学的9个校区对托福的要求最高不超过83分,而对雅思的要求全部是7分,二者的悬殊巨大,其他要求悬殊的大学还有乔治亚大学托福80雅思
7、新泽西州立大学逻各斯校区托福79雅思
7、密苏里大学(该校要求托福61雅思6.5)。前100名的美国大学直录要求中托福最低为71分,而前100的美国大学中雅思没有学校低于6分的。
可见考雅思的同学申请加州的大学的门槛分数要求比托福高太多了。
最后还要一点要注意的是,无论是托福还是雅思,有些学校不仅要求总分,还可能会有各个单项的要求,比如伍斯特理工学院、东北大学、爱荷花大学等学校总分要求6.5分,单科要求每个部分不低于6分。
在准备自己的本科申请时,一定要清楚的了解到每个学校的具体分数要求,做到心中有数。在中国学生分数一年比一年高的形势下,盲目申请撞运气的机会已经十分渺茫了。
朋友素材托福写作范文第5篇
托福写作错误写法有哪些?
很多考生都觉得自己的托福写作成绩比预想的要低,其殊不知在托福写作考试中作文的写法都是错误的,那么托福作文的错误写法都有哪几种呢?
套路化痕迹明显
这里的套路,就是templates。很多老师授课过程中刻意突出的托福写作套路,学生也千方百计背诵写作套路,导致展现在阅卷官面前的作文框架甚至很多语句千篇一律、如出一辙,从而极大地损害了得分。模板固然有用,但是针对first draft的观念,文章的亮点就看不到了。
托福培训名师建议考生可以暂时抛开托福写作考试,从blog或者日记开始,每天用英文进行写作练习,尽情地把你对社会的情绪和对学校的不满写出来,发泄出来。这个练习会让你的文章逐渐符合first draft的要求。
中文式的翻译
有的句子恐怕只有中国人才能理解是什么意思,究其原因就是生硬地翻译了汉语表达方式。受汉语文化影响,我们博大精深的语言在我们的头脑中已经根深蒂固,人的逻辑思维很奇怪,一旦我们每天的思维习惯已经养成,你很难在短时间内进行改变。
建议大家多听。当然是听英文,这里做个广告,重点推荐friends系列。学语言的顺序一定是听说读写,听就是对语境和语感的最好提高,考生可以尽可能地找一些英文的短片来欣赏,学到英语的同时也娱乐了自己,一举两得。
通篇框架散乱
这个需要在练习中逐步提高。我们在写作之前,尤其是针对task2,托福考试最重要的工作就是构思。一般来说,在3-4分钟时间之内,我们需要一个相对合理的构思和一个绝对稳定的结构,如果两者都做到了,整个文章的框架就自然很清晰了。
英语基本功
托福写作是一个逐步积累的过程,包括词汇和语法,有时候是欲速而不达的,机械地记忆往往适得其反。词汇运用不当,句中动词使用混乱,句与句之间散乱不堪,逻辑性不好。
朋友素材托福写作范文第6篇
托福写作的论证方法有哪些?
托福写作的论证方法有哪些?写作是需要考生提出观点的,如果考生写作内容,看着文章很普通,考官很难给托福考生高分,所以和小编一起来看看这些论证方法吧。
第一、因果法
我们可以用一句话对主题句进行因果的阐述。如同样是刚才那句主题句,我们可以再附上一句话对它进行原因的阐述,如因为现代人的压力很大,来自于各方面的压力都很大,比如工作,学习的,竞争也很激烈,所以通过终身学习能够给我们增加竞争力的砝码,让我们处于一个有利的低位。常用的引导原因状语从句的单词有because, since, as 等等。Since modern people shoulder all kinds of knowledge , includingworking pressure and studying pressure,people who enjoy life-long practice could increasetheir competitiveness in the job market.
第二、作比较
我们可以设置两种截然相反的情况,对它们带来的结果进行比较。比如我们可以说如果我们进行终审教育,那么我们可以怎么样,相反如果我们不这么做,会带来哪些不良的后果。两句话之间可以用conversely来进行连接。
第三、列数字和引文献可以放在一起使用
比如我们可以自己编一个权威机构, 如央视的英文频道cctv news.
我们可以编一个数据,根据央视新闻频道发布的一项数据表明,百分之七十的人赞成终身教育。According todata released by CCTV news channel,there are 70 percent people in favor of
life-longeducation .常用的权威机构大家可以有自己的喜好倾向,如维基百科,discovery channel 甚至大家用一些知名高校也是可以的。常用句型有如下可供选择,如:
According to a recent survey
The latest surveys show that
An investigation shows that
A survey was carried out on , the results of which were surprising.
According to an investigation,
A recent survey revealed that ,
第四、名人名言法
朋友素材托福写作范文
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